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Western Civilization > WW1 > Flashcards

WW1 Flashcards

1
Q

4 Causes

A
  1. Entangled Alliances
  2. Imperialism
  3. Nationalism
  4. Militarism
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2
Q

System of Alliances Begins (9)

A

-otto van bismarck
-prussian chancellor unites Germany
-OVB intervention to keep France isolated failed
-OVB formed the Three Emperors League
^Russia, Austria-Hungary, and Germany
-Leagues failed
^Russian wants the Balkans
^OVB hosts congress of berlin and gives balkans to Austria Hungary
^Russia infuriated and leave league

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3
Q

Dual Alliances (4)

A

-formed with Austria-Hungary and Germany
^later becomes triple alliance when Italy joins
-purpose now to isolate France and protect against Russia
-Kaiser William II follows bismarck in 1890

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4
Q

Kaiser William II failures (7)

A
  1. fails to create a Russian Alliance
    -french reaps the benefit with a treaty to Russia
    ^promise to come to each other’s aid in war
  2. challenges Britain
    -ship building
    -colonization
    ^british forms treaties with Russia + France, forming triple entente
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5
Q

Rival Camps in Europe (2)

A

Triple Entente: Russia, France, Britain

Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy

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6
Q

Imperialism

A

Exploratory (new territory, natives, natural resources)
M
Political (land, resources, control over others govt.)
Ideological (improve non europeans, more like them)
Religious (convert, challenge beliefs)
Economic (raw materials, money)

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7
Q

nationalism

A

people should have pride in their country
intense competition
brings about unification and revolution in europe

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8
Q

nationalism in germany (9)

A

-movement after napoleonic wars
-italy roman empire dissolved
-nation states all share language and culture
-Kaiser William II (Prussian king) unified Germany with Bismarck
-Franco Prussian War
^fought over Alsace/Lorraine
^both german and french speaking
-prussian victory
^might of unified germany

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9
Q

Italy (7)

A

-fallout from napoleon
^wanted unified germany
-Italian nation states shared culture and religion
-Rome and papal states under control by Vatican
-kingdom of Sardinia under Victor Emmanuel II
-Allied with france and germany to secure independence
-rome becomes capital of Italy, formerly Genoa or Florence

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10
Q

The Balkans (6)

A

-major influence from Austria-Hungary, Russia, Ottoman Empire
^protestant/catholic, eastern orthodox, and muslim all influence language and culture
-nationalist movements arise from 19th century
^napoleonic wars
^crimean war
-wars by major powers spur needs for autonomy

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11
Q

propaganda

A

-information or material spread to advance a cause or damage an opponent’s cause

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12
Q

Militarism (2)

A
  • European nations build armies to protect themselves from other nations
  • european nations are glorifying military power and have a readiness to go to war
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13
Q

european important people (7)

A 
-Emperor Franz Joseph
^austria-hungary
-Sophia and Franz Ferdinand
^heir to Austria-Hungary throne
-Gavrilo Princip
^black hand movement 
^wanted an indenpendent Serbia
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14
Q

Death of Archduke and Wife … (8)

A
  • deaths of Archduke and his wife set of a chain of event leading to WW1
  • Austria looks to punish Serbia
  • Serbians try to comply to Austria’s demands
  • Austrians declare war against Serbia
  • Russians mobilize to defend Serbia
  • European powers urge Russia and Austria to negotiate peace
  • Germans mobilize to defend Austria
  • negotiations fail: war is inevitable
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15
Q

Battle of Tannenburg (5)

A

-Germany vs Prussia
-Germany wins big
-Russian General Samson committed suicide
-Russia only contributes soldiers to the war
^unprepared in terms of food, clothing, and weaponry

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16
Q

First Battle of the Marne (4)

A

-Schlieffen Plan
^Germany attacks western front in France
^it failed
-results in trench warfare

17
Q

Gallipoli Campaign (6)

A
  • embarrassment for the allies, especially Britain
  • win for germany
  • Balkan Region
  • naval battle
  • Kaiser William II (of germany) is big winner
  • results in trench warfare
18
Q

Battle of Verdun (4)

A
  • lognest battle of WW1
  • Feb, 1916- Dec. 1916
  • no advancements, no one wins
  • France vs. Germany
19
Q

Battle of the Somme (3)

A

-technology advanced with the tank
-British take the lead
^first tank called “little willie”

20
Q

Lusitania (3)

A
  • one reason US enters war
  • unrestricted warfare- no limits
  • German torpedo hits Lusitania ship
21
Q

Zimmerman telegram (3)

A
  • telegram from Germany to Mexico asking them to attack US without warning, was intercepted by Britain
  • Germany promises Mexico US land
  • second reason US joins WW1
22
Q

Treaty of Brest Litovsk (3)

A
  • one front war for Germany
  • Russia exits WW1
  • betrayal of Allies Britain and France
23
Q

Second Battle of the Marne (2)

A
  • beginning of the end of WW1

- includes US involvement

24
Q

AEF (2)

A
  • American Expeditionary Forces

- Led by John Blackjack Pershing

25
Q

Battle at Belleau Woods (4)

A
  • AEF faced off against Germans
  • last german offensive of WW1
  • US Marine Corps earned title of Devil Dogs for their tenacity
  • Inspired other Allies
26
Q

Battle at Amiens (8)

A

-Allied tanks crush german lines
-Canadians surprise Germans
-Germans call it the darkest day of the German Army in the history of the war
-Central Powers leave Alliance
^Beginning of the last 100 days of the war
^Bulgaria out first
^ottoman turks follow
^Austria-Hungary Empire Ends

27
Q

War Ends (4)

A
  • Kaiser William II abdicates from German throne: Nov 9
  • Germany becomes republic
  • Marshall Ferdinand Foch of France negotiates and signs armistice with Germany
  • World War One Armistice signed on November 11, 1918
28
Q

Treaty of Versailles (8)

A

-Wilson’s 14 points
-bigest problem: France and Britain wanted Germany to pay for the suffering
-second problem: Italy wanted land
-Big 3 lead the way
^Clemenceau, Lloyd George, Wilson
-US rejects treaty and leaves a legacy of bitterness and hatred in Europe
-US invested in isolationism
^allows dictators to rise in Europe

29
Q

Peace Plan (6)

A 
-self-determination
^each nation determines its own government
-formation of the league of nations
-no secret alliances
-freedom of seas for trade
-reduced militaries
30
Q

(some of) Wilson’s 14 points (7)

A
  1. germany signs a statement taking responsibility for the war
  2. Germany had to pay reparations (1.3 billion)
  3. League of Nations is formed-Germany left out and humiliated
  4. Self determination granted in Eastern European Countries
  5. Germany demilitarized
  6. Germany can never unify with Austria
  7. Germany loses colonies and territories

Western Civilization (10 decks)

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