WW1 Flashcards

1
Q

4 Causes

A
  1. Entangled Alliances
  2. Imperialism
  3. Nationalism
  4. Militarism
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2
Q

System of Alliances Begins (9)

A

-otto van bismarck
-prussian chancellor unites Germany
-OVB intervention to keep France isolated failed
-OVB formed the Three Emperors League
^Russia, Austria-Hungary, and Germany
-Leagues failed
^Russian wants the Balkans
^OVB hosts congress of berlin and gives balkans to Austria Hungary
^Russia infuriated and leave league

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3
Q

Dual Alliances (4)

A

-formed with Austria-Hungary and Germany
^later becomes triple alliance when Italy joins
-purpose now to isolate France and protect against Russia
-Kaiser William II follows bismarck in 1890

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4
Q

Kaiser William II failures (7)

A
  1. fails to create a Russian Alliance
    -french reaps the benefit with a treaty to Russia
    ^promise to come to each other’s aid in war
  2. challenges Britain
    -ship building
    -colonization
    ^british forms treaties with Russia + France, forming triple entente
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5
Q

Rival Camps in Europe (2)

A

Triple Entente: Russia, France, Britain

Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy

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6
Q

Imperialism

A

Exploratory (new territory, natives, natural resources)
M
Political (land, resources, control over others govt.)
Ideological (improve non europeans, more like them)
Religious (convert, challenge beliefs)
Economic (raw materials, money)

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7
Q

nationalism

A

people should have pride in their country
intense competition
brings about unification and revolution in europe

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8
Q

nationalism in germany (9)

A

-movement after napoleonic wars
-italy roman empire dissolved
-nation states all share language and culture
-Kaiser William II (Prussian king) unified Germany with Bismarck
-Franco Prussian War
^fought over Alsace/Lorraine
^both german and french speaking
-prussian victory
^might of unified germany

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9
Q

Italy (7)

A

-fallout from napoleon
^wanted unified germany
-Italian nation states shared culture and religion
-Rome and papal states under control by Vatican
-kingdom of Sardinia under Victor Emmanuel II
-Allied with france and germany to secure independence
-rome becomes capital of Italy, formerly Genoa or Florence

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10
Q

The Balkans (6)

A

-major influence from Austria-Hungary, Russia, Ottoman Empire
^protestant/catholic, eastern orthodox, and muslim all influence language and culture
-nationalist movements arise from 19th century
^napoleonic wars
^crimean war
-wars by major powers spur needs for autonomy

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11
Q

propaganda

A

-information or material spread to advance a cause or damage an opponent’s cause

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12
Q

Militarism (2)

A
  • European nations build armies to protect themselves from other nations
  • european nations are glorifying military power and have a readiness to go to war
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13
Q

european important people (7)

A
-Emperor Franz Joseph
^austria-hungary
-Sophia and Franz Ferdinand
^heir to Austria-Hungary throne
-Gavrilo Princip
^black hand movement 
^wanted an indenpendent Serbia
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14
Q

Death of Archduke and Wife … (8)

A
  • deaths of Archduke and his wife set of a chain of event leading to WW1
  • Austria looks to punish Serbia
  • Serbians try to comply to Austria’s demands
  • Austrians declare war against Serbia
  • Russians mobilize to defend Serbia
  • European powers urge Russia and Austria to negotiate peace
  • Germans mobilize to defend Austria
  • negotiations fail: war is inevitable
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15
Q

Battle of Tannenburg (5)

A

-Germany vs Prussia
-Germany wins big
-Russian General Samson committed suicide
-Russia only contributes soldiers to the war
^unprepared in terms of food, clothing, and weaponry

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16
Q

First Battle of the Marne (4)

A

-Schlieffen Plan
^Germany attacks western front in France
^it failed
-results in trench warfare

17
Q

Gallipoli Campaign (6)

A
  • embarrassment for the allies, especially Britain
  • win for germany
  • Balkan Region
  • naval battle
  • Kaiser William II (of germany) is big winner
  • results in trench warfare
18
Q

Battle of Verdun (4)

A
  • lognest battle of WW1
  • Feb, 1916- Dec. 1916
  • no advancements, no one wins
  • France vs. Germany
19
Q

Battle of the Somme (3)

A

-technology advanced with the tank
-British take the lead
^first tank called “little willie”

20
Q

Lusitania (3)

A
  • one reason US enters war
  • unrestricted warfare- no limits
  • German torpedo hits Lusitania ship
21
Q

Zimmerman telegram (3)

A
  • telegram from Germany to Mexico asking them to attack US without warning, was intercepted by Britain
  • Germany promises Mexico US land
  • second reason US joins WW1
22
Q

Treaty of Brest Litovsk (3)

A
  • one front war for Germany
  • Russia exits WW1
  • betrayal of Allies Britain and France
23
Q

Second Battle of the Marne (2)

A
  • beginning of the end of WW1

- includes US involvement

24
Q

AEF (2)

A
  • American Expeditionary Forces

- Led by John Blackjack Pershing

25
Q

Battle at Belleau Woods (4)

A
  • AEF faced off against Germans
  • last german offensive of WW1
  • US Marine Corps earned title of Devil Dogs for their tenacity
  • Inspired other Allies
26
Q

Battle at Amiens (8)

A

-Allied tanks crush german lines
-Canadians surprise Germans
-Germans call it the darkest day of the German Army in the history of the war
-Central Powers leave Alliance
^Beginning of the last 100 days of the war
^Bulgaria out first
^ottoman turks follow
^Austria-Hungary Empire Ends

27
Q

War Ends (4)

A
  • Kaiser William II abdicates from German throne: Nov 9
  • Germany becomes republic
  • Marshall Ferdinand Foch of France negotiates and signs armistice with Germany
  • World War One Armistice signed on November 11, 1918
28
Q

Treaty of Versailles (8)

A

-Wilson’s 14 points
-bigest problem: France and Britain wanted Germany to pay for the suffering
-second problem: Italy wanted land
-Big 3 lead the way
^Clemenceau, Lloyd George, Wilson
-US rejects treaty and leaves a legacy of bitterness and hatred in Europe
-US invested in isolationism
^allows dictators to rise in Europe

29
Q

Peace Plan (6)

A
-self-determination
^each nation determines its own government
-formation of the league of nations
-no secret alliances
-freedom of seas for trade
-reduced militaries
30
Q

(some of) Wilson’s 14 points (7)

A
  1. germany signs a statement taking responsibility for the war
  2. Germany had to pay reparations (1.3 billion)
  3. League of Nations is formed-Germany left out and humiliated
  4. Self determination granted in Eastern European Countries
  5. Germany demilitarized
  6. Germany can never unify with Austria
  7. Germany loses colonies and territories