Medieval Times Flashcards

1
Q

Medieval Time

A

500 to 1000 AD

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2
Q

Medieval is Latin for what?

A

middle ages

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3
Q

Struggle for Europeans to survive (4)

A
  • trade is disrupted by Arates and robbers
  • money is scarce
  • cities are abandoned to find food in the country
  • population is overwhelmingly rural
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4
Q

Decline in learning (4)

A
  • invaders couldn’t read or write
  • time spent surviving not learning
  • loss of common language
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5
Q

Work of monasteries (7)

A
  • religious community
  • monks devoted lives to God
  • Benedict wrote a book of laws for monks
  • Scholastica was Benedict’s sister and she helped nuns
  • should’ve been the best educated in middle ages
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6
Q

What were the 3 laws expected of monks in Benedict’s book?

A
  1. expected to know how to read
  2. expected to know how to write
  3. expected to know how to copy sacred documents
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7
Q

Reality of monks (4)

A
  • dimwitted
  • weaklings who could not serve as knights
  • misfits
  • peasant children who were born into large families
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8
Q

What were 4 changes?

A
  1. Christianity changes through the work of monks
  2. Christianity expends through the power of Pope Gregory
  3. Changes in architecture
  4. Changes in technology
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9
Q

Christianity changes through the work of monks (2)

A
  • Abbots were the head of the monastery

- most orderly and organized places in Europe

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10
Q

Christianity expends through the power of Pope Gregory (6)

A
  • Famous Gregorian chant
  • papacy becomes secular
  • worldly involved in politics
  • pope’s palace becomes the center of government
  • church uses money
  • created the idea of a churchly kingdom
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11
Q

What were the three ways the church used money?

A
  1. to raise armies
  2. to help the poor
  3. to repair the roads
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12
Q

Feudalism

A

a political system based on the holding of land

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13
Q

Why was feudalism necessary? (2)

A
  1. provided decentralized defense in army

2. no centralized government

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14
Q

What did Feudalism do?

A

Preserved a minimum amount of political unity

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15
Q

What is involved in Feudalism? (2)

A
  • investiture: symbolic act of presenting land to a vassal, giving the vassal control of the land
  • two men agree to a contract, one giving land and control of it in return for work or military service
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16
Q

Who is involved in Feudalism?

A
Pope/church
monarch
nobles
knights/vassals
merchants/farmers/craftsmen
peasants/serfs
17
Q

Changes in the church - power of the church (6)

A

-means of grace :
~church is necessary for people to get gods grace
-sacraments :
~important religious ceremonies for salvation
-canon (church) law
-excommunication and interdict

18
Q

Changes in the church - problems (3)

A

-bishops were selling their church positions
~practice called simony
-kings are appointing bishops and church wanted to do it

19
Q

Friars: like monks except travelled (4)

A
  • women could participate
  • Dominicans and Franciscans
  • End of Simony
  • Celibacy: priests are married to the church
20
Q

Dominicans and Franciscans (4)

A
  • travelled to combat the spread of heresies
    1. dominicans: white robes and great scholars (barefoot and spanish)
  • St. Francis of Assisi: Italian
    2. Franciscans: brown robes, less scholarly, and looked at everyone as a brother
21
Q

Emperors seize power - Otto the Great (3)

A
  • strongest and most effective ruler of the middle ages
  • dominated the church by granting land to bishops and abbots which became known as lay investiture
  • wanted to be like Charlamagne
22
Q

Otto the Great part two (5)

A
  • created the Roman Empire of the german nation which later became known as the holy roman empire (1st reich)
  • defended pope from Italian dukes
  • later years Italians resented germans
  • pope and bishops later became unhappy with investiture
  • after Otto the great dies lay investiture continues to be a problem
23
Q

Pope Gregory VII challenges emperor king Henry IV (7)

A
  • Pope Gregory bans lay investiture
  • Henry IV gets upset
  • Pope Gregory excommunicates Henry
  • Henry pleads to the Pope at Canassa
  • Nothing changes with lay investiture
  • king humiliated
  • pope’s power confirmed
24
Q

Changes in Architecture what and who (4)

A
  • new style called gothic
  • wanted building to point upward toward God
  • more light to remind people that God is the light of the world
  • original designer: Suger, the abbot of St. Denis
25
Q

Architecture included:

A

ribbed vaults, flying buttresses, pointed arches, stain glass windows-told stories because so few could read

26
Q

Changes in technology (6)

A
  1. heavier plow
  2. horse collar
  3. 3-field system
  4. leather saddle
  5. stirrups
  6. caltrops
27
Q

Franks rise (5)

A

-come from the roman province of Gaul; todays France
-largest and strongest of Europe’s kingdoms
-Clovis is a Christian king
~unified the Franks
~aligned with Roman catholic church against german tribes

28
Q

Major Domo & Charles Martel (6)

A
  • major domo becomes most powerful person in frankish kingdom
  • mayor of the palace
  • governed the kingdom in the king’s name
  • 719 charles martel’s major domo
  • known as the hammer
  • victory at the battle of tours stopped the spread of islam and martel becomes a christian king
29
Q

Son of Martel (4)

A
  • pepin the short
  • appealed to the pope Stephen to make him king
  • agreed to fight the Lombards
  • 1st of the Carolingian Dynasty to rule from 751-987
30
Q

Charles the Great (7)

A
  • charlamagne/”iron charles”
  • continues Carolingian Dynasty
  • built an empire
  • Gave captives the choice to commit to chirstianity or die
  • Pope Leo III crowned him emperor
  • joining germanaic tribes and the church
  • becomes the protector of christianity
31
Q

Charlemagne leads a revival (2)

A
  • limited power of nobility through counts

- encourages learning: opened a palace schools, he became a student, ordered monasteries to train more priests and monks

32
Q

Charlemagne the Emperor (4)

A
  • After his death his son Louis fails
  • Louis signs treaty of Verdun
  • divide kingdom into 3 kingdoms
  • lack of a strong leader results in feudalism