Medieval Times

Question 1

Medieval Time

Answer 1

500 to 1000 AD

Question 2

Medieval is Latin for what?

Answer 2

middle ages

Question 3

Struggle for Europeans to survive (4)

Answer 3

• trade is disrupted by Arates and robbers
• money is scarce
• cities are abandoned to find food in the country
• population is overwhelmingly rural

Question 4

Decline in learning (4)

Answer 4

• invaders couldn’t read or write
• time spent surviving not learning
• loss of common language

Question 5

Work of monasteries (7)

Answer 5

• religious community
• monks devoted lives to God
• Benedict wrote a book of laws for monks
• Scholastica was Benedict’s sister and she helped nuns
• should’ve been the best educated in middle ages

Question 6

What were the 3 laws expected of monks in Benedict’s book?

Answer 6

1. expected to know how to read
2. expected to know how to write
3. expected to know how to copy sacred documents

Question 7

Reality of monks (4)

Answer 7

• dimwitted
• weaklings who could not serve as knights
• misfits
• peasant children who were born into large families

Question 8

What were 4 changes?

Answer 8

1. Christianity changes through the work of monks
2. Christianity expends through the power of Pope Gregory
3. Changes in architecture
4. Changes in technology

Question 9

Christianity changes through the work of monks (2)

Answer 9

• Abbots were the head of the monastery

- most orderly and organized places in Europe

Question 10

Christianity expends through the power of Pope Gregory (6)

Answer 10

• Famous Gregorian chant
• papacy becomes secular
• worldly involved in politics
• pope’s palace becomes the center of government
• church uses money
• created the idea of a churchly kingdom

Question 11

What were the three ways the church used money?

Answer 11

1. to raise armies
2. to help the poor
3. to repair the roads

Question 12

Feudalism

Answer 12

a political system based on the holding of land

Question 13

Why was feudalism necessary? (2)

Answer 13

1. provided decentralized defense in army

2. no centralized government

Question 14

What did Feudalism do?

Answer 14

Preserved a minimum amount of political unity

Question 15

What is involved in Feudalism? (2)

Answer 15

• investiture: symbolic act of presenting land to a vassal, giving the vassal control of the land
• two men agree to a contract, one giving land and control of it in return for work or military service

Question 16

Who is involved in Feudalism?

Answer 16

Pope/church
monarch
nobles
knights/vassals
merchants/farmers/craftsmen
peasants/serfs

Question 17

Changes in the church - power of the church (6)

Answer 17

-means of grace :
~church is necessary for people to get gods grace
-sacraments :
~important religious ceremonies for salvation
-canon (church) law
-excommunication and interdict

Question 18

Changes in the church - problems (3)

Answer 18

-bishops were selling their church positions
~practice called simony
-kings are appointing bishops and church wanted to do it

Question 19

Friars: like monks except travelled (4)

Answer 19

• women could participate
• Dominicans and Franciscans
• End of Simony
• Celibacy: priests are married to the church

Question 20

Dominicans and Franciscans (4)

Answer 20

• travelled to combat the spread of heresies
  1. dominicans: white robes and great scholars (barefoot and spanish)
• St. Francis of Assisi: Italian
  2. Franciscans: brown robes, less scholarly, and looked at everyone as a brother

Question 21

Emperors seize power - Otto the Great (3)

Answer 21

• strongest and most effective ruler of the middle ages
• dominated the church by granting land to bishops and abbots which became known as lay investiture
• wanted to be like Charlamagne

Question 22

Otto the Great part two (5)

Answer 22

• created the Roman Empire of the german nation which later became known as the holy roman empire (1st reich)
• defended pope from Italian dukes
• later years Italians resented germans
• pope and bishops later became unhappy with investiture
• after Otto the great dies lay investiture continues to be a problem

Question 23

Pope Gregory VII challenges emperor king Henry IV (7)

Answer 23

• Pope Gregory bans lay investiture
• Henry IV gets upset
• Pope Gregory excommunicates Henry
• Henry pleads to the Pope at Canassa
• Nothing changes with lay investiture
• king humiliated
• pope’s power confirmed

Question 24

Changes in Architecture what and who (4)

Answer 24

• new style called gothic
• wanted building to point upward toward God
• more light to remind people that God is the light of the world
• original designer: Suger, the abbot of St. Denis

Question 25

Architecture included:

Answer 25

ribbed vaults, flying buttresses, pointed arches, stain glass windows-told stories because so few could read

Question 26

Changes in technology (6)

Answer 26

1. heavier plow
2. horse collar
3. 3-field system
4. leather saddle
5. stirrups
6. caltrops

Question 27

Franks rise (5)

Answer 27

-come from the roman province of Gaul; todays France
-largest and strongest of Europe’s kingdoms
-Clovis is a Christian king
~unified the Franks
~aligned with Roman catholic church against german tribes

Question 28

Major Domo & Charles Martel (6)

Answer 28

• major domo becomes most powerful person in frankish kingdom
• mayor of the palace
• governed the kingdom in the king’s name
• 719 charles martel’s major domo
• known as the hammer
• victory at the battle of tours stopped the spread of islam and martel becomes a christian king

Question 29

Son of Martel (4)

Answer 29

• pepin the short
• appealed to the pope Stephen to make him king
• agreed to fight the Lombards
• 1st of the Carolingian Dynasty to rule from 751-987

Question 30

Charles the Great (7)

Answer 30

• charlamagne/”iron charles”
• continues Carolingian Dynasty
• built an empire
• Gave captives the choice to commit to chirstianity or die
• Pope Leo III crowned him emperor
• joining germanaic tribes and the church
• becomes the protector of christianity

Question 31

Charlemagne leads a revival (2)

Answer 31

• limited power of nobility through counts

- encourages learning: opened a palace schools, he became a student, ordered monasteries to train more priests and monks

Question 32

Charlemagne the Emperor (4)

Answer 32

• After his death his son Louis fails
• Louis signs treaty of Verdun
• divide kingdom into 3 kingdoms
• lack of a strong leader results in feudalism