industrial revolution

Question 1

Four changes in farming

Answer 1

1: enclosure movement
2: crop rotation
3: Jethro Tull
4: Improving Livestock

Question 2

enclosure movement (2)

Answer 2

• forced farmers to improve farming techniques

- small farmers move to city to work in factories

Question 3

crop rotation (2)

Answer 3

• encouraged by Charles Townshend

- no long leave on field fallow

Question 4

Jethro Tull (2)

Answer 4

• influence bt Enlightenment ideas which led to observe and question
• invents the seed drill

Question 5

Improving Livestock (5)

Answer 5

• Robert Bakewell
• revolutionized sheep and cow breeding
• developed sheep with better wool and more meat
• developed longhorn cows for meat
• bred only the best animals

Question 6

Two effects of scientific farming

Answer 6

• more food

- increase in population - more laborers - allows cities to grow / urbanization

Question 7

Urbanization (4)

Answer 7

-urban (cities) areas double in size
-caused by industrialization of textile industry
^first type of work industrialized in Britain
-middle class grows skilled workers, professionals, business people and wealth farmers

Question 8

Four reasons industrial revolution begins in england

Answer 8

1: large populations of workers
2: extensive natural resources
3: an expanding economy to support industrialization
4: stable government

Question 9

3 changes in transportation

Answer 9

1: canals
2: roads
3: railroads
- improved transportation results in enlarged market for industry

Question 10

canals (2)

Answer 10

• man made waterways

- connected bodies of water to move goods easier

Question 11

roads (4)

Answer 11

-McAdam surface
^John McAdam
-drainage system
-roads help move goods more quickly

Question 12

railroads (4)

Answer 12

-Richard Trevithick
^steam engine reached 5mph
-George Stephenson
^the rocket (steam engine/24mph)

Question 13

Adam Smith (4)

Answer 13

• influenced by Diderot’s Encyclopedia
• advocate of free trade
• laissez faire: “let do” or “let people do as they please in business”
• his book: thee wealth of nations

Question 14

Adam Smith’s 3 natural laws of economics

Answer 14

1: law of self interest
2: law of competition
3: law of supply & demand

Question 15

Jeremy Bentham (7)

Answer 15

-introduce utilitarianism
-everything judged on its usefulness
-government should promote the greatest good for the greatest number
-utilitarianism was supported by John Mill
^wanted a more equal division of profits
^favored a cooperative system of agriculture
^favored women’s rights

Question 16

Capitalism (3)

Answer 16

• Thomas Malthus & David Ricardo-fathers of capitalism
• capitalism: economic system in which the factors of production are privately owned and money is invested to make a profit
• Smith, Malthus, & Ricardo opposed government with poor and are advocated of Lassiez faire

Question 17

Robert Owen (7)

Answer 17

-utopianism
-perfect living place
-provided housing
-provided education
-moved to America
^new harmony founded
^lasted 3 years

Question 18

Middle Class Reform (9)

Answer 18

-reform bill 1832
^rich middle class men could vote
^gave new industrial cities more representatives in Parliament 
-factory reform act 1833
^passed by Parliament
^no one under age 9 could be hired
^9-13 year old could only work 8 hours
^14-18 year olds could only work 12 hours
-mine act of 1842 was similar

Question 19

Workers experience reform (6)

Answer 19

-chartist movement
^1838-1918
^wanted voting rights for all 21 year old males
^eventually all 21 year old males could
^secret ballots
^end property requirement to be in Parliament benefitting factory owners

Question 20

Queen Victoria Brings Change (3)

Answer 20

• queen for nearly 64 years
• parliament and the prime minister uncreased their control in england
• monarch becomes more symbolic

Question 21

In the US (7)

Answer 21

1842
-Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott
^argued for women’s rights
*assembly
*attend college
*child custody after divorce
*believed in the worth of human life (no abortion rights)

Question 22

Change for Women (8)

Answer 22

-1890 - no country had universal suffrage
-reasons vote withheld
^tradition: women never voted
^women lacked political ability
-Emmeline Pankhurst
^founder of the women’s social and political union
^1918-women age 30 could vote
^1928-all women could vote (age 21)

Question 23

industrialization in US (2)

Answer 23

• textile industry was first with samel slater, francis lowell, and moses brown
• shoe making was industrialized

Question 24

rise of corporations (2)

Answer 24

• entrepreneurs sold stock and used money to support businesses - share in profits, not debt
• corporations made big profit with mass production by reducing production costs, ex: rockefeller/carnegie

Question 25

industrialization in belgium (2)

Answer 25

• belgium led Europe in adopting Britain’s new technology (William Cockerel)
• Belgium had abundant natural resources and waterways for transportation

Question 26

industrialization in germany

Answer 26

• germany copied british model to begin industrialization in 1835
• railroads built and became industrial and military giant

Question 27

growing global inequality (2)

Answer 27

• gap between industrialized countries and non-industrialized countries widened for natural resources
• Britain was the first to exploit its overseas colonies for resources and markets

Question 28

transformation of society (2)

Answer 28

• industrialization affects everyone: workers suffer hardship but improved long-term
• rise of prosperous middle class led to better education and greater democratic participation