Russian Revolution Flashcards
4 mistakes of Czar Nicholas II
- Involved Russia in the war with japan
- Refused to share power with the duma
- Entered WW1
- Moved his headquarters to the front in 1917
Russia in War with Japan (2)
- thought the war would take people’s minds off problems at home
- first eastern nation (Japan) to defeat a western power
Reused to share power with Duma (4)
- Duma: representative group like parliament
- Duma came to power after bloody sunday
- Nicholas opposed much needed political and social reforms
- follows his wife’s advice
Rasputin (3)
- “the mad monk”
- obtained positions of power for unqualified friends
- told Czarina to ignore reforms
Czar’s wife, Alexandra (2)
- german born and considered a spy
- mourned Rasputin and failed as a leader
Entered WW1 (7)
- patriotism unifies Russia to defend motherland
- economy continues to fail
- Nicholas II realizes that he can’t compete with industrialized germany
- The battle of tannenburg
- “It’s an honor to make such a sacrifice for our allies”
- Had enabled French to regroup at the marne
- Schlieffen Plan was defeated at the price of Russian soldier’s lives
Moved headquarters to the front in 1917 (7)
- loses touch with the people
- bread riots of 1917 spread to St. Petersburg lead by women
- imperial troops join the demonstrators
- government collapses to the revolution
- March 15, 1917: Nicholas is forced to abdicate
- Nicholas II and all other Romanov family members are arrested
- THe Czar and his family are removed from Siberia and executed
Series of Events leading to revolution #1 (3)
- Russia fails to industrialize and remains an agricultural country
- Czar Alexander I rules as an autocrat
- 80% of russian people are serfs; nobles treat serfs like slaves
Series of Events leading to revolution #2 (9)
- decembrists revolt put down by Czar Nicholas I
- veteran soldiers lead the revolt
- veterans had learned of individual rights during battles inEurope
- soldiers felt Constantine, brother of Czar Nicholas should be Czar
- Czar Nicholas I ruled harshly
- limited education
- used secret police to combat political opposition and put down serf revolts
- Czar Nicholas loses the Crimean war to French and British alliance
- showed the weakness of the Czar’s autocratic government and incompetence of his army
Series of Events leading to revolution #3 (5)
_czar Alexander known as “liberator-czar”
- Czar Alexander II establish Zemstvos or local canals
- serfs are freed
- Nihilism created desire for more radical changes
- Narodniki educated serfs
- Narodniki was at odds Czar Alexander II
Series of Events leading to revolution #4 (5)
- Alexander II puts faith in autocracy and encourages pogroms
- Czar Nicholas unwillingly replaces Czar Alexander II
- culture flourishes
- people’s rights are ignored
- Czar Nicholas encourages economic changes including Trans-Siberian Railway
Social Revolutionaries
^Wanted to replace the czar with elected Gov’t
^Peasants would rule and have land
World War 1’s contribution
to the Revolution (3)
- Troubles in Russia are cooled by patriotic unity in defense of the motherland.
- Russia’s dismal economic conditions continue
- Nicholas realizes he can’t compete with industrialized Germany.
Alexander Kerensky (2)
- took charge of provisional government
- momber of the Duma and Soviet
Kerensky’s mistakes (4)
- continued in WW1
- failed to redistribute land
- allowed Lenin to return after 17 years in exile
- Bolsheviks took control under Leon Trotsky
New Names in Russia (2)
- Bolsheviks become communists
- Russia becomes the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
New Leadership (6)
-Lenin dies
-Trotsky rejectedL party leaders feared he would be a dictator
-Stalin installed as new leader
^cold, calculating and ruthless dictator
-Stalin believed in “socialism in one country”
USSR under Russia (9)
-seizes control of economy: becomes command economy with 5 year plans
^didn’t work because he set quotas which led to shortages
-agricultural revolution
^collective farms
-totalitarianism
-more powerful than Czar
-religion considered superstition
-arrested and murdered own party members: called Great Purge
-people less free under Stalin than Czar
Social Democrats
^Workers would rule
^Marxist
^Led by Lenin
Bolsheviks
^Split from Marx because they did not want to wait for industrialization
Mensheviks
^More slow moving in their ideas and believed Lenin contradicted Marx
