Final Flashcards

1
Q

Absolute Rule

A

monarchy- when one person rules over all the government

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2
Q

Montesquieu (4)

A
  • believed power should check power
  • said Britain’s three branches of government was the best: Judicial, Executive, Legislative
  • Book: on the spirit of laws
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3
Q

John Locke (4)

A
  • people learn from experiences and improve
  • natural rights: life, liberty, property
  • government must protect people’s natural rights
  • people can rebel if government fails to protect rights
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4
Q

Thomas Hobbes (3)

A
  • taught that the people want monarchy to be safe from anarchy
  • Hobbes wrote a book: Leviathan (means sea monster)
  • Idea of a social contract: agreement between people and government
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5
Q

Joseph 2 of Austria (4)

A
  • ended serfdom by having serfs paid
  • supported freedom of religion
  • made elementary education mandatory
  • lover and patron of the arts
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6
Q

Catherine the Great of Russia (7)

A

-well education, allowed education
-reforms included hospitals and vaccinations
-expanded Russian empire
^poland and black sea
-wanted to abolish serfdom
^offended by serf uprising
^never abolished serfdom

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7
Q

Diderot (5)

A

-wrote the encyclopedia
^ a collection of articles from enlightened thinkers
-said science + reason brought more than religion
^angered church and government officials

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8
Q

Marie-Therese Geoffrin (4)

A
  • most famous salon hostess
  • weekly dinners
  • generous
  • sympathetic listener
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9
Q

Copernicus

A

scientist that reasoned that sun was center of the universe

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10
Q

Newton: Laws of Gravity (4)

A

^motion in heaven and earth linked
-Book Principia offered proof of his hypothesis that God was the creator of this orderly universe
^God as a clockmaker
^deism

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11
Q

henry fielding

A

wrote Tom Jones orphan who travels the world to win his lady

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12
Q

Janssen

A

made microscope

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13
Q

Bastille Day (7)

A

-July 14, 1789
-mobs forming in paris
^over high cost of bread, high taxes, and wasteful spending
-mobs wanted Bastille’s supply of gunpowder for defense against the king
-bastille becomes symbol of the act of revolution
-bastille day = 4th of july
-us response= neutrality

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14
Q

Congress of Vienna (2)

A
  • members and representatives, five major powers: Austria, Russia, Prussia, Great Britain, France
  • Klemens von Metternich of Austria created congress of vienna
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15
Q

Policy known as continental system (6)

A

-blockade of great britain
-attempt to paralyze Great Britain’s trade
-why blockade failed
^smugglers
^Czar Alexander (of Prussia) continued to sell grain to britain
^britain captured, searched, and taxed french ships

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16
Q

Russian campaign (8)

A

-czar alexander refused to stop selling grain to britain
-czar alexander pulls back- uses scorched earth policy
^left napoleon’s army without any resources
-grand alliance forms: sweden, britain, prussia, & austria
-Battle of nations (leipzig)
^beginning of the end for napoleon
-generals refuse to fight and napoleon sent into exile to elba by alexander I

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17
Q

Schlieffen Plan

A
  • Schlieffen Plan was defeated at the price of Russian soldier’s lives
  • plan was to go around france into paris and surprise them
18
Q

November 11, 1918

A

World War One Armistice signed

19
Q

otto van bismarck (8)

A

-prussian chancellor unites Germany
-OVB intervention to keep France isolated failed
-OVB formed the Three Emperors League
^Russia, Austria-Hungary, and Germany
-Leagues failed
^Russian wants the Balkans
^OVB hosts congress of berlin and gives balkans to Austria Hungary
^Russia infuriated and leave league

20
Q
unrestricted warfare 
(3)
A
  • shown through blowing up lusitania
  • US enters war
  • German torpedo hit lusitania ship
21
Q

Treaty of Versailles (7)

A
  1. germany signs a statement taking responsibility for the war
  2. Germany had to pay reparations (1.3 billion)
  3. League of Nations is formed-Germany left out and humiliated
  4. Self determination granted in Eastern European Countries
  5. Germany demilitarized
  6. Germany can never unify with Austria
  7. Germany loses colonies and territories
22
Q

Franz (5)

A
-Sophia and Franz Ferdinand
^heir to Austria-Hungary throne
-Gavrilo Princip
^black hand movement 
^wanted an indenpendent Serbia
23
Q

Balkan (4)

A

-Leagues failed
^Russian wants the Balkans
^OVB hosts congress of berlin and gives balkans to Austria Hungary
^Russia infuriated and leave league

24
Q

Kaiser William II failures (7)

A
  1. fails to create a Russian Alliance
    -french reaps the benefit with a treaty to Russia
    ^promise to come to each other’s aid in war
  2. challenges Britain
    -ship building
    -colonization
    ^british forms treaties with Russia + France, forming triple entente
25
Q

Frederick the Great of Persia (4)

A

^built prussia into a power
^close friends with Voltaire
-argued over Fredrick’s militarism
^called himself “servant of the state”

26
Q

-Thomas Jefferson

A

wrote DoI

27
Q

bourgeoisie

A

third estate/middle class

28
Q

7 things to remember about Louis the 14th of France

A
  1. Became king after cardinal Mazarin’s death
  2. weakened the power of nobled w intendants
  3. Jean Baptiste Colbert as minister of finance
  4. Louis the 14th rejected the edict of nantes
  5. Splendors of Versailles
  6. Military endeavors
  7. died at age 77
29
Q

Absolutism in Russia- Peter the Great of Russia (3)

A

Europeanization or westernizing bring change:

  1. strengthened the Czar’s powers
  2. ended Russia’s isolation, making them a part of european affairs
30
Q

Louis the 14th rejected the edict of nantes (3)

A

-same religion shows support for the king
-Hugenots flee france
~robbed france of skilled workers

31
Q

Splendors of Versailles (5)

A

a. hated paris becuase of france rebellion
b. visual display of Louis’s power
c. patronage
- moliere was his favorite writer
- wanted to glorify the king

32
Q

war of spanish succession (4)

A

~europe unites in hatred against France
+treaty of utrecnt ends war of spanish succession
_louis 14th grandson could rule in spain, but not unite w france
_great britain granted Asiento which gave slave trading rights

33
Q

william and mary (2)

A
  • developed constitutional monarchy (government where laws limit powers)
  • developed a bill of rights
34
Q

Land, Liberty, Brotherhood

A

motto for french revolution

35
Q

Mein Kampf: my struggle- 1925 (5)

A

-Hitler’s book
-political ambitions
-plan to overthrow republic
-hatred for jews
^hated them because they were blamed for troubles in WW1 among other things

36
Q

Nazism and Fascism (4)

A
  • political parties
  • Nazism: Hitler/ Germany, nationalism
  • Fascism: authority in one personL Mussolini in Italy
37
Q

Treaty of Brest Litovsk (3)

A
  • one front war for Germany
  • Russia exits WW1
  • betrayal of Allies Britain and France
38
Q

Militarism (2)

A
  • European nations build armies to protect themselves from other nations
  • european nations are glorifying military power and have a readiness to go to war
39
Q

Japan invades Manchuria (3)

A
  • oil reserves
  • empire building
  • install a puppet government
40
Q

Munich Conference/ Appeasement (2)

A
  • appeasement: to give something to satisfy someone

- Chamberlain of Britain gives Hitler Czech land

41
Q

Mussolini invades Ethiopia (2)

A
  • league of nations does nothing

- ehtiopia has mines for resources