Final Flashcards
Absolute Rule
monarchy- when one person rules over all the government
Montesquieu (4)
- believed power should check power
- said Britain’s three branches of government was the best: Judicial, Executive, Legislative
- Book: on the spirit of laws
John Locke (4)
- people learn from experiences and improve
- natural rights: life, liberty, property
- government must protect people’s natural rights
- people can rebel if government fails to protect rights
Thomas Hobbes (3)
- taught that the people want monarchy to be safe from anarchy
- Hobbes wrote a book: Leviathan (means sea monster)
- Idea of a social contract: agreement between people and government
Joseph 2 of Austria (4)
- ended serfdom by having serfs paid
- supported freedom of religion
- made elementary education mandatory
- lover and patron of the arts
Catherine the Great of Russia (7)
-well education, allowed education
-reforms included hospitals and vaccinations
-expanded Russian empire
^poland and black sea
-wanted to abolish serfdom
^offended by serf uprising
^never abolished serfdom
Diderot (5)
-wrote the encyclopedia
^ a collection of articles from enlightened thinkers
-said science + reason brought more than religion
^angered church and government officials
Marie-Therese Geoffrin (4)
- most famous salon hostess
- weekly dinners
- generous
- sympathetic listener
Copernicus
scientist that reasoned that sun was center of the universe
Newton: Laws of Gravity (4)
^motion in heaven and earth linked
-Book Principia offered proof of his hypothesis that God was the creator of this orderly universe
^God as a clockmaker
^deism
henry fielding
wrote Tom Jones orphan who travels the world to win his lady
Janssen
made microscope
Bastille Day (7)
-July 14, 1789
-mobs forming in paris
^over high cost of bread, high taxes, and wasteful spending
-mobs wanted Bastille’s supply of gunpowder for defense against the king
-bastille becomes symbol of the act of revolution
-bastille day = 4th of july
-us response= neutrality
Congress of Vienna (2)
- members and representatives, five major powers: Austria, Russia, Prussia, Great Britain, France
- Klemens von Metternich of Austria created congress of vienna
Policy known as continental system (6)
-blockade of great britain
-attempt to paralyze Great Britain’s trade
-why blockade failed
^smugglers
^Czar Alexander (of Prussia) continued to sell grain to britain
^britain captured, searched, and taxed french ships
Russian campaign (8)
-czar alexander refused to stop selling grain to britain
-czar alexander pulls back- uses scorched earth policy
^left napoleon’s army without any resources
-grand alliance forms: sweden, britain, prussia, & austria
-Battle of nations (leipzig)
^beginning of the end for napoleon
-generals refuse to fight and napoleon sent into exile to elba by alexander I