Final Flashcards
Absolute Rule
monarchy- when one person rules over all the government
Montesquieu (4)
- believed power should check power
- said Britain’s three branches of government was the best: Judicial, Executive, Legislative
- Book: on the spirit of laws
John Locke (4)
- people learn from experiences and improve
- natural rights: life, liberty, property
- government must protect people’s natural rights
- people can rebel if government fails to protect rights
Thomas Hobbes (3)
- taught that the people want monarchy to be safe from anarchy
- Hobbes wrote a book: Leviathan (means sea monster)
- Idea of a social contract: agreement between people and government
Joseph 2 of Austria (4)
- ended serfdom by having serfs paid
- supported freedom of religion
- made elementary education mandatory
- lover and patron of the arts
Catherine the Great of Russia (7)
-well education, allowed education
-reforms included hospitals and vaccinations
-expanded Russian empire
^poland and black sea
-wanted to abolish serfdom
^offended by serf uprising
^never abolished serfdom
Diderot (5)
-wrote the encyclopedia
^ a collection of articles from enlightened thinkers
-said science + reason brought more than religion
^angered church and government officials
Marie-Therese Geoffrin (4)
- most famous salon hostess
- weekly dinners
- generous
- sympathetic listener
Copernicus
scientist that reasoned that sun was center of the universe
Newton: Laws of Gravity (4)
^motion in heaven and earth linked
-Book Principia offered proof of his hypothesis that God was the creator of this orderly universe
^God as a clockmaker
^deism
henry fielding
wrote Tom Jones orphan who travels the world to win his lady
Janssen
made microscope
Bastille Day (7)
-July 14, 1789
-mobs forming in paris
^over high cost of bread, high taxes, and wasteful spending
-mobs wanted Bastille’s supply of gunpowder for defense against the king
-bastille becomes symbol of the act of revolution
-bastille day = 4th of july
-us response= neutrality
Congress of Vienna (2)
- members and representatives, five major powers: Austria, Russia, Prussia, Great Britain, France
- Klemens von Metternich of Austria created congress of vienna
Policy known as continental system (6)
-blockade of great britain
-attempt to paralyze Great Britain’s trade
-why blockade failed
^smugglers
^Czar Alexander (of Prussia) continued to sell grain to britain
^britain captured, searched, and taxed french ships
Russian campaign (8)
-czar alexander refused to stop selling grain to britain
-czar alexander pulls back- uses scorched earth policy
^left napoleon’s army without any resources
-grand alliance forms: sweden, britain, prussia, & austria
-Battle of nations (leipzig)
^beginning of the end for napoleon
-generals refuse to fight and napoleon sent into exile to elba by alexander I
Schlieffen Plan
- Schlieffen Plan was defeated at the price of Russian soldier’s lives
- plan was to go around france into paris and surprise them
November 11, 1918
World War One Armistice signed
otto van bismarck (8)
-prussian chancellor unites Germany
-OVB intervention to keep France isolated failed
-OVB formed the Three Emperors League
^Russia, Austria-Hungary, and Germany
-Leagues failed
^Russian wants the Balkans
^OVB hosts congress of berlin and gives balkans to Austria Hungary
^Russia infuriated and leave league
unrestricted warfare (3)
- shown through blowing up lusitania
- US enters war
- German torpedo hit lusitania ship
Treaty of Versailles (7)
- germany signs a statement taking responsibility for the war
- Germany had to pay reparations (1.3 billion)
- League of Nations is formed-Germany left out and humiliated
- Self determination granted in Eastern European Countries
- Germany demilitarized
- Germany can never unify with Austria
- Germany loses colonies and territories
Franz (5)
-Sophia and Franz Ferdinand ^heir to Austria-Hungary throne -Gavrilo Princip ^black hand movement ^wanted an indenpendent Serbia
Balkan (4)
-Leagues failed
^Russian wants the Balkans
^OVB hosts congress of berlin and gives balkans to Austria Hungary
^Russia infuriated and leave league
Kaiser William II failures (7)
- fails to create a Russian Alliance
-french reaps the benefit with a treaty to Russia
^promise to come to each other’s aid in war - challenges Britain
-ship building
-colonization
^british forms treaties with Russia + France, forming triple entente
Frederick the Great of Persia (4)
^built prussia into a power
^close friends with Voltaire
-argued over Fredrick’s militarism
^called himself “servant of the state”
-Thomas Jefferson
wrote DoI
bourgeoisie
third estate/middle class
7 things to remember about Louis the 14th of France
- Became king after cardinal Mazarin’s death
- weakened the power of nobled w intendants
- Jean Baptiste Colbert as minister of finance
- Louis the 14th rejected the edict of nantes
- Splendors of Versailles
- Military endeavors
- died at age 77
Absolutism in Russia- Peter the Great of Russia (3)
Europeanization or westernizing bring change:
- strengthened the Czar’s powers
- ended Russia’s isolation, making them a part of european affairs
Louis the 14th rejected the edict of nantes (3)
-same religion shows support for the king
-Hugenots flee france
~robbed france of skilled workers
Splendors of Versailles (5)
a. hated paris becuase of france rebellion
b. visual display of Louis’s power
c. patronage
- moliere was his favorite writer
- wanted to glorify the king
war of spanish succession (4)
~europe unites in hatred against France
+treaty of utrecnt ends war of spanish succession
_louis 14th grandson could rule in spain, but not unite w france
_great britain granted Asiento which gave slave trading rights
william and mary (2)
- developed constitutional monarchy (government where laws limit powers)
- developed a bill of rights
Land, Liberty, Brotherhood
motto for french revolution
Mein Kampf: my struggle- 1925 (5)
-Hitler’s book
-political ambitions
-plan to overthrow republic
-hatred for jews
^hated them because they were blamed for troubles in WW1 among other things
Nazism and Fascism (4)
- political parties
- Nazism: Hitler/ Germany, nationalism
- Fascism: authority in one personL Mussolini in Italy
Treaty of Brest Litovsk (3)
- one front war for Germany
- Russia exits WW1
- betrayal of Allies Britain and France
Militarism (2)
- European nations build armies to protect themselves from other nations
- european nations are glorifying military power and have a readiness to go to war
Japan invades Manchuria (3)
- oil reserves
- empire building
- install a puppet government
Munich Conference/ Appeasement (2)
- appeasement: to give something to satisfy someone
- Chamberlain of Britain gives Hitler Czech land
Mussolini invades Ethiopia (2)
- league of nations does nothing
- ehtiopia has mines for resources
