wrong questions CAP

Question 1

how should this patient be managed:

19 yr old, atopic, recurrent food bolus obstruction. endoscopy shows no obstruction.

Answer 1

montelukast. (classic history of eosinphillic oesophagitis)

Question 2

what type of gastrostomy should this patient recieve:

59, motor neurone disease, recurrent aspiration pneumonia

Answer 2

radiological as opposed to endoscopic. (endoscopic inc risk of aspiration)

Question 3

what does this patient have:

old, haemoptysis, weight loss, smoker, recently started producing green thick sputum has a fever.

Answer 3

lobar pneumonia secondary to to squamous cell carcinoma. (squamous cell carcinoma can inc risk of pneumonia due to growing around hilum and potentially causing obstruction resulting in pneumonia)

Question 4

list how gentamicin can be taken

Answer 4

only orally

Question 5

pseudomonas arg… treatment

Answer 5

1st line gentamicin, 2nd line ciprofloxacin

Question 6

why is lactic acid produced in anaerobic conditions

Answer 6

to generate NAD from NADH

as glycolysis purely relied on therefore much more NAD required

Question 7

when chest compressions arent being performed how many breaths per minute shld u do?

Answer 7

10 (1 breath every 6 secs)

Question 8

loop diuretic example

Answer 8

fursoemide (lasix)

Question 9

leads v1-v3 are?
v2-v5?
v4-v6, 1 AVf?

Answer 9

• anteroseptal
• anterior
• lateral

Question 10

when to do CTPA, D-Dimer

Answer 10

CTPA diagnoses, d-dimer does not, D-dimer no necessary in high/moderate risk of PE(.4 wells score).
never do CTPA for some1 w kidney failure

Question 11

what neurotransmitter acts on b1 adrenoceptor and b2

Answer 11

adrenaline b1 and b2
noradrenaline just b1

(therefore its adrenaline that causes bronchodilation, NOT noradrenalin)

Question 12

metabolite of arachdonic pathway causes bronchoconstricion inc mucous etc

Answer 12

Leukotrine A4.

montelukast is a lekotrine receptor antagonist -LTRA

Question 13

intraperitoneal structures:

Answer 13

tail of pancreas, liver, gb, stomach, spleen, 1st part of duodenum, jejenum, ileum, caecum, transverse, sigmoid,

Question 14

streptococcus and staphlycocci are g…

Answer 14

gram +

Question 15

svt ecg characteristics

management for SVT

Answer 15

narrow QRS, inverted T waves
Stable:
1st- valsalva maneouvre, (only carpotid sinus in those low risk of stroke), 2nd- IV adenosine (dont give to asthmatics),

DC cardioversion only for haemodynamically unstable patients

Question 16

squamous cell carcinoma associations:

Answer 16

smoking, arises around bronchus/hilar region, can cause PTH production>hypercalcaemia,

Question 17

small cell lung carcinoma associations:

Answer 17

neuroendocrine, risk of ACTH production> cushings, agressive> chemotherapy normal treatment

Question 18

adenocarcinoma associations

Answer 18

Non smoker, peripheral,

Question 19

what borders of the heart abut what lung lobes

Answer 19

left heart border abuts superior left lung lobe.

right heart border abut middle right lung lobe

Question 20

doc doesnt give 12 year old patience full diagnosis as it wld distress her and she does not have full capacity. what principle does this show

Answer 20

beneficence

Question 21

what is community ethics

Answer 21

fair rules in the interest of the community