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Year 1 > Treatments > Flashcards

Treatments Flashcards

1
Q

Management of NSTEMI/unstable angina low risk (GRACE score)

A

Aspirin
Fondaparinux
Ticagrelor if low bleeding risk, clopidegrol if high bleeding risk

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2
Q

Angina treatment

A

All should receive:
aspirin +statin
GTN

1st line:

  • bblocker (atenolol, bisoprolol)
  • CCB (amlodopine, diltiazem)
2nd line: 
Long acting nitrates (Isosorbide mononitrate) 
K ATP channel activatir (nicorandil)
ACEI (dec bp)
Ivabradine (HCN channel blocker)
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3
Q

Stemi treatment

A

Aspirin

  • PCI within 120 mins (assuming they’ve come in no longer since 12hrs since MI)
  • prasugrel
  • unfractioned heparin + glycoprotein

PCI not available:

  • Fibrinolysis + antithrombin
  • ticagrelor following procedure
  • consider PCI for ongoing myo ischaemia/ cardiogenic shock
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4
Q

COPD acute treatment

A 
I SOAP
Ipratropium (sama)
Salbutamol (nebulised)
Oxygen (24-28%, keep saO2 between 88%-92%)
Amoxicillin (/doxy/clarithomycin)
Prednisolone oral (/hydro IV)
Aminophyline IV (if no response)
Non invasive ventillation + docapram IV
Consider intubated assisted ventilation if pH< 7.6
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5
Q

How to induce remission in crohns

A

1st. Monotherapy glucorticoids (prednisolone etc)
En considered in kids

2nd. + azathioprine/mercatopurine to induce remission (check tmpt activity before)

Severe: infliximab/ infliximab + ICS

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6
Q

How to treat acute MI

A 
Morphine (IV) + anti emetic
Oxygen (if hypoxic)
Nitrates (if ongoing discomfort)
Aspirin
LMWH (dalteparin) (anticoag)
Clopidogrel/ ticagrelor (antiplatelet)
Bblocker
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7
Q

H. Pylori treatment

A

Omeprazole, amoixicillin, clarithomycin/metronidazole

Penicillin allregic:
Omeprazole + clarithomycin+ metronidazole

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8
Q

Gallstones treatment

A

None if asymptomatic (80%)
If symptomatic:
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy or bile salt acids eg. ursodeoxycholic acid (for smaller stones)

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9
Q

Cholangitis treatment

A

Emergency ERCP
IV fluids, analgesia, broad spectrum antibiotics
Surgery if ercp fails

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10
Q

Cholecystitis treatment

A

Acute: nil by mouth,
NSAIDs/opiates,
IV antibiotics (cephlasporin/tazobactam + metronidazole in v ill)
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy

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11
Q

Treatment of hypertension

A 
Examples of 
Ace: lisinopril
Arb: losartan 
Calcium channel blocker: amlodipine
Thiazide like diuretic (d): bendroflumethiazide
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12
Q

Tb treatment

A

RIPE for 2 months
RI for a further 4 months

Rifampicin
Isonazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethmabutol

(Also negative pressure rooms and N-95 masks)

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13
Q

Tb treatment side effects

A

Isoniazide- numbness in fingertips/feet
(Im-so-numb-azid)

Ethambutamol- difficulty recognising colours (eye- thambutol)

Rifampicin- orange/red tears/urine

Pyrazinamide- liver toxicity

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14
Q

High risk unstable angina/NSTEMI

A

aspirin
PCI
Parasugrel/ticagrelor
Unfractioned heparin

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15
Q

COPD treatment for someone w no asthmatic features

A

1) saba/sama (salbut. / ipatropium)
2) + lABA + LAMA
3) + ICS

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16
Q

COPD treatment for someone w asthmatic features

A

1) SABA/SAMA
2) + LABA + ICS
3) + LAMA

17
Q

Pulmonary embolism treatment. Drug name examples

Prevention treatment and who gets preventative treatment

A

Haemolytically stable:
LMWH (eg. Fragmin) & warfarin (stop when INR 2-3)
Or (1st line) doac - dabigatran
or factor x (rivoraxaban)

Massive PE- thrombolyse (tenectplase)

Prevention: heparin to all immobile patients

18
Q

Croup treatment

A

Dexamethasone and supportive treatment

19
Q

Pneumothorax vs tension pneumothorax

A 
Pneumothorax:
>2cm/ sob= aspirate
Secondary:
1-2cm aspirate
>2cm/sob chest drain

Tension pneumothorax:

  • Cannula Needle decompression 2nd ics mid clavicular line
  • then insert chest drain and Do Cxr
20
Q

Symptoms of a tumour invading the oesophagus

A

Dysphagia

21
Q

Symptoms of a tumour invading the SVC

A

Puffy eyelids. Headache, distended EJV, visible anastomosis to IVC

22
Q

Symptoms of a tumour invading the the pleura and chest wall

A

Pleuritic chest pain and pleural effusion

23
Q

Tumour invasion of the sympathetic chain symptoms

A

Horners syndrome, wonky eye etc.

24
Q

Tumour invasion of the pericardium symptoms

A

Breathlessness, AF, pericardial effusion

Year 1 (20 decks)

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