principles Flashcards
at what stage during CPR should one check the persons pulse to determine return of effective heartbeat
when the casualty makes purposeful movement. CPR should not be interrupted otherwise
what describes disordered growth (cells)
dysplasia
what word describes cells that grow in the absence of a normal stimulus
neoplasia
what genes stimulate normal cell growth
proto-oncogenes
what describes an enzyme with a co-factor
holoenzyme
what is a nonsense mutation
a change in a base which results in a premature stop codon
what is a missense mutation
a change in one base which results in a different amino acid being coded for
what is the rate limiting enzyme for gluconeogenesis
fructose 1,6 biphosphate
what is the rate limiting enzyme for lipogenesis
glycogen phosphorylase
which antibody is responsible for foetal immune protection
IgG
which antibody is responsible for neonatal immune protection
IgA
what is C-MYC mutation associated with
Burkitts lymphoma
CA-125 tumour marker is associated with…
ovarian cancer
which HPV is associated with cervical cancer
16 and 18
which of the following is protective against breast cancer?
a) late menopause
b) hormone therapy
C) breastfeeding
C) breast feeding
benign neoplasm of squamous cell epithelium called?
papilloma
benign neoplasm smooth muscle
leiomyoma
what does “sarcoma” describe
malignant neoplasm of mesenchymal (connective tissye)
where are MHC class II molecules found?
found on the cell membrane of macrophages
what type of hypersensitivity reaction is sarcoidosis
type IV
Oxidation is
Loss of electrons
Reduction is
Gain of electrons
Oxidising agent
Increases the charge of the OTHER element therefore gains electrons (oxidising agent is reduced)
A reducing agent
Dec charge of OTHER element therefore loses electrons itself.
THE MOLECULE THAT LOSES ELECTRONS
(Reducing agent is oxidised)
