principles

Question 1

at what stage during CPR should one check the persons pulse to determine return of effective heartbeat

Answer 1

when the casualty makes purposeful movement. CPR should not be interrupted otherwise

Question 2

what describes disordered growth (cells)

Answer 2

dysplasia

Question 3

what word describes cells that grow in the absence of a normal stimulus

Answer 3

neoplasia

Question 4

what genes stimulate normal cell growth

Answer 4

proto-oncogenes

Question 5

what describes an enzyme with a co-factor

Answer 5

holoenzyme

Question 6

what is a nonsense mutation

Answer 6

a change in a base which results in a premature stop codon

Question 7

what is a missense mutation

Answer 7

a change in one base which results in a different amino acid being coded for

Question 8

what is the rate limiting enzyme for gluconeogenesis

Answer 8

fructose 1,6 biphosphate

Question 9

what is the rate limiting enzyme for lipogenesis

Answer 9

glycogen phosphorylase

Question 10

which antibody is responsible for foetal immune protection

Answer 10

IgG

Question 11

which antibody is responsible for neonatal immune protection

Answer 11

IgA

Question 12

what is C-MYC mutation associated with

Answer 12

Burkitts lymphoma

Question 13

CA-125 tumour marker is associated with…

Answer 13

ovarian cancer

Question 14

which HPV is associated with cervical cancer

Answer 14

16 and 18

Question 15

which of the following is protective against breast cancer?
a) late menopause
b) hormone therapy
C) breastfeeding

Answer 15

C) breast feeding

Question 16

benign neoplasm of squamous cell epithelium called?

Answer 16

papilloma

Question 17

benign neoplasm smooth muscle

Answer 17

leiomyoma

Question 18

what does “sarcoma” describe

Answer 18

malignant neoplasm of mesenchymal (connective tissye)

Question 19

where are MHC class II molecules found?

Answer 19

found on the cell membrane of macrophages

Question 20

what type of hypersensitivity reaction is sarcoidosis

Answer 20

type IV

Question 21

Oxidation is

Answer 21

Loss of electrons

Question 22

Reduction is

Answer 22

Gain of electrons

Question 23

Oxidising agent

Answer 23

Increases the charge of the OTHER element therefore gains electrons (oxidising agent is reduced)

Question 24

A reducing agent

Answer 24

Dec charge of OTHER element therefore loses electrons itself.

THE MOLECULE THAT LOSES ELECTRONS
(Reducing agent is oxidised)

Question 25

Pyruvate + NADH + H+ > lactate + NAD+
A) What is the reducing agent
B) What is the oxidising agent

Answer 25

NADH as it loses an electron

Pyruvate

Question 26

If delta H (change in enthalpy) is negative, what does that mean for the reaction

Answer 26

It is exothermic

Question 27

what does entropy mean (delta s)

Answer 27

Level of disorder/chaos

Question 28

If delta G is negative it indicates
Exergonic or enedergonic?
Spontaneous or not?

Answer 28

(Catabolic reaction)

Exergonic

Spontaneous

Question 29

If delta G is positive?
Exergonic/endergonic
Spontaneous/not

Answer 29

Anabolic reaction
Endergonic
NOT spontaneous

Question 30

Staph aures result on agar plate?

Answer 30

Golden/complete haemolysis/ beta haemolysis

Question 31

What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

Answer 31

Hinge type

Question 32

What type of joint is elbow joint

Answer 32

Saddle type

Question 33

Example of pivot joint

Answer 33

Joint between 1st and 2nd vertebrae

Question 34

Example of primary cartilaginous joint

Answer 34

Intervertebral disc

Question 35

Example of secondary cartilaginous joint

Answer 35

Pubic symphysis

Question 36

Bifurcation of the trachea, what vertebral level

Answer 36

T4/5

Question 37

Male nipple anatomical landmarkb

Answer 37

4th rib

Question 38

Fundus of stomach has … epithelium

Answer 38

Seceretory

Question 39

Which complex does not pump protons through resp chain

Answer 39

Complex II