Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Orthopedic Surgery Ultimate > Wrist/Hand Anatomy > Flashcards

Wrist/Hand Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q
A

styloid process of middle finger metacarpal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
A

ECU

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
A

lunate fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
A

lister’s tubercle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
A

ECRB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
A

ECRL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
A

APL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
A

EPB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
A

EPL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is in the snuff box

A

fat

radial artery

branch of radial nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how do we split up the palmar surface of the hand?

A

with 4 main lines:

kaplan’s cardinal: from 1st web space through hook of hamate

longitudinal 1: from radial side of D3

longitudinal 2: from ulnar side of D4

transverse: from radial prox crease to ulnar distal crease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
A

superficial arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
A

digital nerve to D5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
A

hook of hamate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
A

motor branch of ulnar nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
A

pisiform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
A

ulnar nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
A

tendon of FCR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
A

scaphoid tubercle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q
A

crest of trapezium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q
A

deep palmar arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q
A

deep branch of ulnar nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q
A

digital nerve to index

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what happens here?

A

recurrent branch of the median nerve enters the thenar muscle mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
explain the 9 zones of extensor tendon injury
starting with zone I at the DIP, each joint and subsequent interjoint space is labelled a zone. So, for example, the MCP joints will be zone V, and the CMC joints will be VII, the distal radius with radio-ulnar-carpal joints zone VIII, and the last zone (IX) will be proximal radius at the origin of these tendons
26
what is contained in the 6 compartments of the hand?
1 = APL, EPB 2 = ECRB, ECRL 3 = EPL 4 = EI, ED, PIN 5 = EDM 6 = ECU
27
what are the 6 flexor tendon injury zones?
1 = FDP to FDS insertion 2 = FDS to A1 pulley (just proximal to metacarpal heads) 3 = A1 pulley to carpal tunnel 4 = carpal tunnel 5 = tendons of forearm flexors 6 = muscles of forearm flexors
28
normal volar tilt of the distal radius
11°
29
normal radial inclination
22°
30
normal radial height
11 mm
31
what happens as the radius rotates into pronation?
it moves around a fixed ulna, therefore, it shortens with respect to the ulna
32
what is the sigmoid notch?
the spot on the distal radius where the ulna articulates
33
list the 5 stabilizers of the DRUJ
TFCC joint capsule IO membrane pronator quadratus ECU tendon and sheath
34
while the ECU tendon, ECU sheath, PQ and IO are extrinsic stabilizers of DRUJ, what are the intrinsic stabilizers?
bony contact superficial radioulnar ligaments deep radioulnar ligaments
35
what is the main stabilizer of the DRUJ in supination?
deep dorsal radioulnar ligament stops dorsal subluxation of the radius
36
what is the main stabilizer of the DRUJ in pronation?
deep volar radioulnar ligament, main restraint to volar subluxation of radius
37
list the 5 components of the TFCC
articular disc dorsal and volar radioulnar ligaments meniscus homolog (disc-carpal ligaments) volar ulnocarpal ligaments sheath of ECU
38
triangular articular disc
39
ulnolunate ligament
40
palmar distal radioulnar ligament
41
ulnocapitate ligament
42
dorsal distal radioulnar ligament
43
ulnotriquetral ligament
44
ECU tendon sheath
45
triangular articular disc
46
palmar distal radioulnar ligament
47
dorsal distal radioulnar ligament
48
ulnolunate ligament
49
which carpal bone aligns with the 4th and 5th metacarpals?
hamate
50
most commonly fractured carpal bone
scaphoid
51
most commonly dislocated carpal bone
lunate
52
which tendons attach to the proximal carpal row?
none! this means they are passive responders to action on the distal row
53
what is the order of ossification of the carpal bones?
capitate first, then hamate, then clockwise (looking from dorsal surface)
54
how do the carpal bones move with respect to each other?
well, they are secured by palmar, dorsal and interosseous ligaments between each bone, so very little gliding goes on they are also stabilized by extrinsic ligaments that span their joints but do not attach here
55
list the 6 volar extrinsic wrist ligaments
RSC RSL LRL SRL UL UT
56
radioscaphocapitate ligament
57
long radiolunate ligament
58
radioscapholunate ligament
59
short radiolunate ligament
60
ulnolunate ligament
61
ulnotriquetral ligament
62
what is the ligament of testut?
RSL \*this is actually an NV bundle that does not contribute to carpal stability
63
strongest volar extrinsic ligament of the wrist
RSC \*must repair in volar approach to the scaphoid
64
what is the primary restraint to perilunate dislocations?
long RL ligament
65
keystone of the wrist
lunate
66
what happens with disruption of the proximal row of carpal bones?
dissociative carpal instability
67
what happens with disruption between proximal and distal carpal rows?
non-dissociative disruption
68
what is the space of poirier?
where the palmar capsule between capitate and lunate is torn
69
what can you infer from a lesser arc injury?
that it is ligamentous
70
what can you infer from a greater arc injury?
there is a # around the lunate
71
what is significant about this space?
this is the space of poirier the lunate can displace through it
72
4 stages of progressive perilunar instability
scapholunate failure capitolunate failure lunotriquetral failure dorsal radiocarpal ligament failure \*clockwise from scaphoid
73
volar CT
74
volar TT
75
volar STT
76
volar SC
77
volar SL
78
volar LT
79
volar TH
80
volar TC
81
volar CH
82
dorsal CT
83
dorsal CH
84
dorsal LT
85
dorsal SL
86
dorsal TT
87
3 parts of the SL ligament which part is strongest?
dorsal (strongest) palmar proximal
88
2 dorsal general ligaments
dorsal radiocarpal ligament (DRC - also called DRTriquetral) dorsal intercarpal ligament (DIC)
89
function of the DRC
to stabilize the lunotriquetral joint
90
function of the DIC
to stabilize the proximal pole of the scaphoid
91
function of the SL ligament
resists dorsal intercalated segment instability
92
2 components of the LT ligament
volar (strongest) dorsal
93
function of the LT ligament
resists volar intercalated segment instability
94
which CMC joints can abduct and adduct as well as flex and extend?
1st and 5th
95
extensor hood
96
deep transverse metacarpal ligament
97
volar plate
98
pulley
99
FDP
100
FDS
101
palmar carpal ligament
102
flexor retinaculum
103
what are the attachments of the transverse carpal ligament?
hook of hamate and pisiform ulnarly to scaphoid tubercle and trapezial tuberosity radially
104
trapezial tubercle
105
scaphoid tubercle
106
FCR tendon
107
FCU tendon
108
pisiform
109
hook of hamate
110
contents of the carpal tunnel
8 flexor tendons of FDS and FDP median nerve FPL
111
FPL
112
FCR
113
boundaries of Guyon's canal
roof: volar carpal ligament floor: flexor retinaculum radial: hamate ulnar: pisiform
114
contents of Guyon's canal
ulnar nerve ulnar artery
115
explain the 3 zones of Guyon's canal
I: proximal to the ulnar nerve bifurcation II: deep motor branch as it passes hook of hamate III: superficial sensory branch on the other side of the canal
116
what is the septum of legueu and juvara?
deep palmar fascia that connects the metacarpal heads to the palmar skin
117
interossei tendon \*note these are dorsal to DTML
118
deep transverse metacarpal ligament
119
lumbrical tendon \*note these are volar to DTML
120
cleland's ligament
121
lateral digital sheath
122
spiral band
123
natatory ligament
124
grayson's ligament
125
which two fascia bands are NOT affected in Dupuytren's contracture?
transverse fibers Cleland's ligament
126
how can a 'horseshoe' abscess arise in the hand?
when there is a variant in flexor tendon sheath as below (normally only the 5th digit is completely communicating with the sheath of the wrist)
127
3 potential spaces in the hand
thenar midpalmar hypothenar
128
which potential space superficial to PQ communicates with the midpalmar and thenar spaces?
Parona's space
129
APB origin and insertion
originates from: scaphoid tuberosity trapezium ridge transverse carpal ligament inserts on: lateral base of proximal 1st phalanx
130
FPB origin and insertion
origin: trapezium trapezoid capitate insertion: radial side of base of 1st proximal phalanx
131
innervation of FPB
superficial is median deep is ulnar
132
OP origin and insertion
origin: trapezium transverse carpal ligament insertion: radial side of 1st metacarpal shaft
133
AddP origin and insertion
origin: capitate base of 2/3 metacarpals more of the 3rd shaft insertion: ulnar side of base of 1st proximal phalanx
134
Abd DM origin and insertion
origin: pisiform insertion: ulnar side base of 5th proximal phalanx
135
FDM origin and insertion
origin: hamate transverse carpal ligament insertion: ulnar side of proximal 5th phalanx
136
ODM origin and insertion
origin: hook of hamate transverse carpal ligament insertion: ulnar border of 5th metacarpal
137
where do the palmar interossei originate and insert? what to they do?
there are only 3\*: ulnar side of 2, radial side of 4 and 5 they all insert on the extensor expansions of the digits from which they arose
138
discuss the dorsal interossei
arise from the space between metacarpals and insert on the proximal part of the proximal phalanx of radial 2, both sides 3, ulnar 4
139
the only muscle in the body to originate and insert from and to tendon
lumbricals: they orginate from the tendons of FDP and insert into the extensor expansion of each digit on the radial side odd in that they both flex MCP and extend DIP and PIP
140
palmaris brevis origin and insertion
origin: flexor retinaculum insertion: palmar surface skin on ulnar side of hand
141
what is the 'safe' position of the wrist and hand?
wrist in 30° extension MCP 70° flexion IP neutral
142
Lister's tubercle
143
which tendons are in compartment 1?
APL EPB (from radial to ulnar)
144
which tendons are in compartment 2?
ECRL ECRB
145
which tendons are in compartment 3?
EPL
146
which tendons are in compartment 4?
EI ED
147
which tendons are in compartment 5?
EDM
148
which tendons are in compartment 6?
ECU
149
through which extensor compartment of the wrist does the dorsal branch of PIN lie?
4th
150
which is the only extensor tendon of the wrist with a true sheath?
ECU
151
what are the juntura tendinae?
the connections that help stabilize the extensor tendons in flexion between the individual tendons of ED also known as intertendinous connections or retaining ligaments
152
what is the extensor hood?
a combinatorial structure made up of: ED tendons DI and PI tendons lumbricals central tendon oblique retinacular ligaments sagittal bands
153
central slip
154
lateral slip
155
central slip
156
lumbrical
157
dorsal and volar interossei respectively
158
sagittal band
159
transverse retinacular ligament
160
oblique retinacular ligament
161
where does the common extensor tendon insert? how does it move the entire finger?
at the base of the middle phalanx the lateral slips extend farther to attach to the base of the distal phalanx
162
which side of the digits do the lumbricals attach to?
radial only!
163
what are the medial and lateral interosseous bands?
the confluence of the lumbrical and interosseous tendons that merge MIB joins the central slip at PIP LIB joins the lateral slip at DIP
164
what does the sagittal band do?
attaches the ED tendon to sides of volar plate limiting proximal excursion of ED in extension and stabilizing it in flexion
165
what causes a swan-neck deformity?
rupture of the transverse retaining ligament, which will release the ED tendon from its connection to the volar plate causing dorsomedial displacement of this tendon resulting in hyperextended PIP, relative elongation of ED resulting in DIP flexion (swan-necking)
166
function of the oblique retinacular ligament
links extension of PIP to extension and flexion of DIP i.e. when one goes the other must follow
167
what causes a boutonniere deformity?
incompetence of the triangular ligament between the 2 lateral bands on the dorsum of the middle phalanx
168
what would happen if the triangular ligament contracted (as opposed to rupturing)?
a fixed swan-neck deformity
169
4 causes of dorsal subluxation of transverse retinacular ligament
RA PIP joint effusion volar plate laxity TRL laxity
170
rupture of the distal extensor tendon
mallet finger
171
besides triangular ligament rupture, what else could cause boutonniere deformity?
central slip rupture at PIP
172
what is elson's test?
essentially just looking for a boutonniere deformity
173
list the pulley system in a finger
flexor surface to prevent bowstringing: A1 = MCP A2 = proximal proximal phalanx C1 = distal proximal phalanx A3 = PIP C2 = proximal middle phalanx A4 = middle middle phalanx C3 = distal middle phalanx A5 = DIP \*note 'A' just means annular, 'C' means cruiciate\* \*thumb has only A1 = MCP, A2 = IP, and oblique between them
174
how do the flexor tendons receive a blood supply?
diffusion and vincular system each tendon has a short (near insertion) and long (more proximal) vinculum
175
dorsal intercarpal arch
176
2,3 intercompartmental supraretinacular artery
177
1,2 intercompartmental supraretinacular artery
178
% of scaphoid covered in articular cartilage
75%
179
blood supply of the scaphoid
80% from the dorsal carpal branch of the radial artery 20% from the superficial palmar branch of the radial artery
180
what is Keinbock disease?
AVN of the lunate
181
to which arches do the radial and ulnar arteries contribute most?
radial = deep ulnar = superficial
182
which 3rd major artery supplies the hand?
the anterior interosseous artery, which bifurcates into dorsal and palmar branches at PQ
183
where does the digital nerve give off its dorsal cutaneous branch?
mid P2 \*note that the digital nerve itself is the most volar structure in the finger
184
which nerve to the hand leaves the median before the carpal tunnel?
the palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve
185
what is wartenberg's syndrome?
entrapment of the superficial radial nerve (sensory) as it exits the deep forearm 8 cm proximal to the wrist between BR and ECRL
186
dorsal roof
187
ventral floor
188
hyponychium
189
sterile matrix
190
lunula
191
eponychium
192
germinal matrix
193
how do you best check median nerve motor function?
1st MCP abduction (last muscle to be innervated by median nerve)
194
how do you best check ulnar nerve motor function?
2nd MCP abduction (adductor pollicus last muscle)
195
what is Gamekeeper's thumb (aka Stener's lesion)?
injury to UCL of 1st MCP where UCL flips over adductor pollicus after avulsion off proximal phalanx won't reattach if in this position results in a radial deviation of 1st MCP joint
196
order of ossification of the carpal bones

Orthopedic Surgery Ultimate (88 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions