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Orthopedic Surgery Ultimate > Ankle/Foot Anatomy > Flashcards

Ankle/Foot Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

which parts of the foot are considered ‘midfoot’?

A

navicular

cuboid

3 cuneiforms

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2
Q

what is the name of the joint that separates the hindfoot and midfoot?

A

Chopart

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3
Q

what is the name of the joint that separates the midfoot and forefoot?

A

Lisfranc

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4
Q

3 ligaments that arise from distal fibula

A

ATFL

PTFL

CFL

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5
Q

when does the calcaneous ossify?

A

body at 6mo

tuberosity not until 9 years old!

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6
Q

which facet of the calcaneous is most vulnerable to #

A

posterior

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7
Q

where does FHL pass on the plantar surface of the foot?

A

between medial and lateral tubercles of the talus

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8
Q

which muscle passes through the groove on the plantar side of the cuboid?

A

peroneus longus

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9
Q

when do the distal fibula and tibia fuse?

A

18-20 years old

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10
Q

when do the metatarsals fuse?

A

birth

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11
Q

name 2 accessory ossicles in foot

A

os trigonum

accessory navicular

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12
Q

what is the ‘Mortise’?

A

the arch formed by the malleoli and the plafond

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13
Q

what is the incisura?

A

the lateral groove in the tibia into which the fibula fits

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14
Q

what does syndesmosis mean?

A

to bind together

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15
Q

what are the 4 components of the syndesmosis?

A

AITFL

PITFL

inferior transverse ligament

interosseous ligament

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16
Q

what are the names of the 3 common fragments that can avulse from the syndesmosis?

A

chaput = anterolateral tibial tubercle

wagstaff = anterior fibula tubercle

volkman = posterolateral tibial tubercle

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17
Q

only bone in the foot without muscular tendon attachments

A

talus

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18
Q

5 arteries that supply the talus

A

artery of tarsal canal

deltoid artery

direct superomedial artery

artery of tarsal sinus

direct posterior artery

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19
Q
A

perforating peroneal artery

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20
Q
A

anterior lateral malleolar artery

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21
Q
A

artery of the tarsal sinus

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22
Q
A

lateral tarsal artery

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23
Q
A

medial tarsal artery

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24
Q
A

artery of tarsal canal

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25
deltoid artery
26
how many articulations does the talus have with the calcaneous?
3 anterior posterior middle
27
what is the sustenaculum tali?
an anteromedial shelf that supports the middle talar articular surface and under which passes the tendon of FHL
28
where is the sinus tarsi?
lateral to the anterior and middle facets of the calcaneous it is a soft spot just distal to the fibular tip and an anatomical space that is medially continuous with the tarsal canal boundaries: superior - talus inferior - calcaneous anterior - talocalcaneonavicular joint posterior - posterior facet of the subtalar joint
29
what motion occurs at chopart's joint?
abduction/adduction occuring at 2 joints: talonavicular calcaneocuboid
30
what is the consequence of the unique anatomy of the middle cuneiform?
it does not extend as far distally, so the 2nd MT becomes the keystone of the transverse arch of the foot
31
what are the plantar cristae?
the articular surfaces on the plantar 1st MT that articulate with the sesamoids
32
how is the Lisfranc joint held together?
with 3 groups of ligaments: 1) the transverse ligaments that attach adjacent metatarsal bases 2-5 (\*nb none between 1-2) 2) longitudinal ligaments that attach MT bases to cuneiforms/cuboid (\*nb one for each MT) 3) the oblique ligaments from the 2nd MT to the medial cuneiform. there are 3: dorsal plantar Lisfranc
33
ligament that connects the metatarsal heads
deep transverse
34
what is a Morton neuroma?
entrapment of an intermetatarsal plantar nerve in the transverse metatarsal ligament
35
primary stabilizer of the MTP joint
plantar plate
36
describe the anatomy of FHB
originates from tendon of tib post inserts into sesamoids on plantar surface of 1st MTP joint and then continues as the phalangealsesamoid ligament which are also stabilized by medial and lateral metarsosesmoid ligaments
37
only tendon that isn't always black on MRI
FHL, because of fluid in its sheath
38
where is tibialis posterior tendon most vulnerable?
under medial malleolus
39
what is the knot of Henry?
where the FDL finally crosses the FHL in a tendon sheath communication on the plantar midfoot
40
Peroneus longus
41
peroneus brevis
42
EDL
43
EHL
44
tibialis anterior
45
tibialis posterior
46
FDL
47
posterior tibial artery posterior tibial vein tibial nerve
48
FHL
49
plantaris
50
achilles
51
what is unique about the achilles tendon?
a couple things: largest tendon in the body has a paratenon instead of a sheath - which means fat surrounding the tendon (associated with Kager's fat pad anteriorly)
52
where do the peroneal tendons lie?
together as a common sheath 4cm above the joint as they pass under the lateral malleolus PB is deep to PL pass through the fibro-osseous tunnel inferior to fibula split into individual sheaths just distal to lateral malleolus
53
the primary restraint to lateral instability of the peroneal tendons
the superficial peroneal retinacula superior - from periosteum of distal fibula to lateral wall of calcaneous inferior - over the lateral wall of calcaneous
54
3 ligaments deep to tendons in the fibro-osseous tunnel of the fibula?
PITFL PTFL CFL
55
what is the tarsal tunnel?
fibroosseous tunnel created by the posterior medial malleolus, medial wall of the calcaneous and talus and the flexor retinaculum
56
second most commonly torn tendon of the lateral ankle
CFL
57
which motion tightens ATFL?
plantar flexion
58
which motion tightens CFL?
inversion
59
AITFL
60
ATFL
61
CFL
62
PTFL
63
PITFL
64
4 parts of the deltoid ligament
anterior tibiotalar tibionavicular tibiocalcaneal posterior tibiotalar (deep)
65
posterior tibiotalar ligament
66
tibiocalcaneal ligament
67
anterior tibitalar ligament
68
tibionavicularligament
69
strongest subtalar ligament
interosseous talocalcaneal | (aka cervical ligament)
70
what is the bifurcate ligament?
the calcaneo-cuboid/navicular ligament
71
anatomy of the long plantar ligament
from calcaneous to cuboid and 1-5 metatarsals
72
anatomy of the short plantar ligament
from the calcaneous to the cuboid
73
what is the spring ligament
from the susentaculum tali to the navicular
74
frequency of os trigonum
5-15%
75
frequency of accessory navicular
10%
76
what is the os peroneum?
plantar to CC joint
77
list the intrinsic dorsal muscles of the foot
EDB EHB
78
list the intrinsic plantar muscles of the foot
1st layer: abductor hallucis, abductor digiti minimi, FDB 2nd layer: quadratus plantae, lumbricals 3rd layer: FHB, FDM, adductor hallicus 4th layer: dorsal interossei, plantar interossei
79
which layer houses the knot of Henry?
the 2nd - this is where FHL and FDL tendons are
80
which tendons run in the 4th layer of the foot?
peroneus longus posterior tibialis
81
insertion of quadratus plantae
lateral FDL tendon
82
where does the nerve to ADM get trapped?
fascia of abductor hallucis
83
which foot layer houses the medial and lateral plantar nerves?
2nd
84
which interossei are larger?
dorsal
85
muscles of the first plantar layer
flexor digitorum brevis abductor hallucis abductor digiti minimi
86
origin and insertion of plantar lumbicals
from medial FDL tendon to medial PP and EDL tendons
87
origin and insertion of flexor hallucis brevis
cuboid and lateral cuneiform to PP 1st toe
88
origin and insertion of adductor hallucis
2-4 MT to 1st PP
89
origin and insertion of flexor digiti minimi brevis
base of 5 MT head to 5 PP
90
3 portions of the plantar fascia
central band from calc to flexor tendon sheaths medial band lateral band
91
what is the truss and windlass mechanism?
where the plantar fascia pull together to force the arch of the foot rostral
92
9 compartments of the foot
medial - AbdH, FHB, FHL tendon lateral - ADM, FDM superficial central - FDB, lumbircals, FDL tendons deep central - QP, posterior tibial NVB adductor - AddH interosseus 1-2 - dorsal only interosseus 2-3 - both interosseus 3-4 - both interosseus 4-5 - both
93
where does the tibial nerve run in the foot?
between 1st and 2nd layers on QP
94
where does the tibial nerve split?
in tarsal tunnel (90%)
95
3 branches of the tibial nerve in the foot
medial calcaneal medial plantar lateral plantar
96
what is baxter's nerve?
first branch of the lateral plantar nerve supplies the quadratus, FDB and ADM its impingement causes medial heel pain colloquially known as plantar fasciitis
97
1
saphenous nerve
98
2
deep peroneal
99
3
superficial peroneal
100
4
medial plantar
101
5
lateral plantar
102
6
medial calcaneal branch of tibial nerve
103
7
sural
104
course of the deep peroneal nerve in the foot
travels lateral to and with dorsalis pedis artery emerges distal to inferior extensor retinaculum travels lateral to EHL tracks down first web space
105
4 main branches of the dorsalis pedis
medial tarsal lateral tarsal arcuate - forming the dorsal arch deep plantar - forms the deep arch
106
weakness of hindfoot eversion
superficial peroneal nerve
107
weakness of hindfoot inversion
tibial nerve
108
weakness of great toe extension
deep peroneal
109
weakness of great toe flexion
tibial nerve
110
weakness of ankle plantar flexion
tibial nerve
111
borders of sinus tarsi
superior: talus inferior: calcaneus anterior: talocalcaneonavicular joint posterior: posterior facet of the subtalar joint
112
4 ligaments of the syndesmosis
AITFL PITFL inferior transverse ligament interosseous ligament
113
which facet of the subtalar joint is most often affected in tarsal coalition
middle
114
2 intrinsic muscles of the foot innervated by deep peroneal nerve
EDB EHB

Orthopedic Surgery Ultimate (88 decks)

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