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IB History 121 > wow domestic and foreign policy? domestic and foreign policy. > Flashcards

wow domestic and foreign policy? domestic and foreign policy. Flashcards

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1
Q

Bismarck launched a program called? to attack Catholic elements in Germany.

A

Kulturkampf

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2
Q

This Pope passed the Syllabus of Errors in 1864 and Papal Infallibilty 1870?

A

Pope Pius IX

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3
Q

Germany used war payments from this nation to help build new infrastructure in the 1870’s?

A

France

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4
Q

Bismarck allied with political party during the 1870’s:

A

National Liberal Party

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5
Q

This political party saw an increase in seat totals in the Reichstag in the 1880’s?

A

Social Democratic Party

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6
Q

The League of Three Emperors was made up of three nations - Germany, AH, and…?

A

Russia

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7
Q

May Laws saw the expulsion of this religious group in Germany?

A

Jesuits

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8
Q

The War in Sight Crisis occured after an article in this nations newspaper was published in 1875?

A

Germany

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9
Q

The Eastern Crisis saw these nations at war with the Ottomans:

A

Montenegro,
Romania,

Bulgaria,
Serbia

MR. BS
MisteR BullShit :D

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10
Q

The Eastern Crisis was initiated when the Ottomans introduced?

A

New taxes on the Christian population of the Ottoman Provinces

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11
Q

This nation wanted a larger share of territory in Bulgaria region after the Ottomans were expelled?

A

Russia

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12
Q

The “April Uprising” that initiated the Eastern Crisis occurred in this future nation?

A

Bulgaria

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13
Q

The Treaty of San Stefano 1877 was worded so that it benefitted this nation?

A

Russia

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14
Q

The Congress of Berlin 1878 saw this nation received Bosnia as a territory gain?

A

AH (Austria-Hungary?)

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15
Q

The Dual Alliance signed in 1879 was a treaty between Germany and?

A

Austria-Hungary

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16
Q

The Triple Alliance included:

A

Germany
Italy
Austria-Hungary

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17
Q

The May Laws attacked this specific group of Germans?

A

Catholics

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18
Q

The Exceptional Laws attacked this specific group of Germans?

A

Socialists

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19
Q

By 1885, Germany had ??? overseas colonies?

A

3-4

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20
Q

Great Britain was interested in ensuring the Russians stayed out of the Mediterannean Sea due to ownership of?

A

Suez Canal

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21
Q

The Reinsurance Treaty 1887 was signed between Germany and?

A

Russia

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22
Q

The focus of the Congress of Berlin 1885 was centered on?

A

Colonies

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23
Q

Within Reinsurance Treaty, if Russia attacked AH, Germany would?

A

Support AH militarily

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24
Q

Within the Reinsurance Treaty, if France attacked Germany, Russia would?

A

Remain neutral

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25
Q

Bismarck was fired in 1890 by this new German Kaiser?

A

Wilhelm II

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26
Q

The Russian Tzar who signed the Reinsurance Treaty in 1887 was:

A

Alex III

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27
Q

The Papal Govt. in Vatican City/Rome is called?

A

Holy See

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28
Q

Throughout the 1870’s this political party in the Reichstag increased their seat totals?

A

Catholic Centre Party

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29
Q

Bismarck’s larger foreign relations goal was to isolate this nation:

A

France

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30
Q

overal goal of Domestic Issues

A

to make new German nation as “Prussian, Junker, conservative, officialdom-loving as possible

  • so, he set out on a “cultural struggle” or what he called a Kulturkampf
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31
Q

what are the 2 domestic Challenges?

A

the Catholic Church and the Workers/Socialists

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32
Q

Kulturkampf

A

the cultural struggle

CC vs Bismarck

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33
Q

why were the Catholics Bismarck’s first target?

A

Papal Influence (Papal Infallibility)

  • large Catholic Church population in S.W. Germany
  • Bismarck fears that their loyalties will lie with CC/Rome rather than to the German state/Wilhelm I monarchy
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34
Q

the 2 edicts that Pope Pius IX had passed

A

1864 - Syllabus of Errors
list of behabours that good catholics should and shouldnt do

1870→ Papal Infallibility
Divine Right of Kings
Pope!!! is most right! because they close to god!
direct challenge to Wilhelm/Bismarck

35
Q

Dialectic creation of opposites

A

the more you try to stomp on them, the stronger they become

happens with Domestic Policy

idea created by German Philosopher: George Hegel who also came up with officialdom

36
Q

Measures that went into place due to the May Laws

A

1873

  1. Jesuits throughout Germany are expelled
  2. Jesuit schools closed
  3. Education, syllabus all need approval by German government (including Catholic Church schools)
  4. Education becomes very SECULAR!
J (Jesuits)
S (Schools)
G (Government)
S (Secular)
Jesus Send Godly Strength (please for this test)
37
Q

who is the religion minister that passes the May Laws with Bismarck?

A

Adalbert Falk

38
Q

problem regarding the May Laws?

A
  • In the Reichstag, the Catholic Centre Party grew in popularity and in the number of seats in Reichstag
  • Bismarck also worried that Catholic France/Catholic Austria-Hungary would form an alliance, therefore encircling Germany
  • Bismarck had a larger issue evolved as the 1870s moved along–> UNIONS, the socialist movement
39
Q

what did Bismarck end up doing about the May laws?

A

In 1878, he ordered the repeal of the May Laws, in hopes that the CCP and its conservatism would support him in the Reichstag

40
Q

Who wrote the Communist Manifesto and when?

A

Karl Marx, 1849

41
Q

Social Democratic Party

A

the popular and growing political party in the Reichstag that represented the working class and socialist movement

42
Q

“Reichsfeind”

A

“enemies of the state”

Bismarck considered the socialist movement to be this

43
Q

catalyst (Cassus Belli) for him attacking the socialists

A

In 1878, two assasssination attempts on Wilhelm! (well, more than 2, but there are 2 that ppl get nailed for)

- Max Hodel and Karl Nobling
    - Hodel shoots himself, Nobling gets national razored
    - both people actually had only loose connections with the Socialist party
  • Bismarck declares this an open/overt threat to German authority!
44
Q

the Exceptional Laws

A

in October 1878, aimed at the workers/socialists

  • Banned Unions
  • Banned meetings of Socialists
  • Banned socialist Newspapers
    • Censorship
    • bad, because it’s supposed to be a Constitutional monarchy—democracy
Banned socialist…
N (newspapers)
U (Unions)
M (meetings)
NUMbers
45
Q

results of the Exceptional Laws

A
  • socialist movement did not fade away
  • grew in popularity, as did the Social Democratic Party in the Reichstag by 1890
    • Dialectic Creation of Opposites

and so… he repeals them

he passes and adopts many of the socialist ideas/political platform

46
Q

was Bismarck successful with his Kulturkampf program?

A

not…. really

Curbed to the wishes of the Catholics and the Socialists

47
Q

what was Bismarck’s approach to war?

A
  • Bismarck used war as an approach in the 1860s, he was a war monger
  • Bismarck was an anti war dude from 1871-1890
    • Great Peace Maker of Europe
48
Q

Great Peace Maker of Europe

A

Bismarck’s title since he tried toa void war from 1871-1890

49
Q

Bismarck’s 2 overall goals in Foreign Policy?

A
  1. isolate France, no allies or friends
  2. keep Austria-Hungary & Russia friendly—allows Germany to do what it wants inside its own country

Biggest Goal: make Germany super!! strong!! superpower in Europe!

50
Q

Dreikaiserbund

A
  • Drei (three) Kaiser (king) bund (group)
  • An agreement between the three kings of Europe (Austria, Russia, Germany)
  • diplomacy whenever there is a conflict between Austria-Hungary and Russia
  • Breaks up in 1878 and then is reestablished in 1881 and then breaks off again in 1887
51
Q

War in Sight

A

France 1870-1875

  • France begins to update their military
  • Bismarck fears another war with France!
  • Bismarck writes an article called “War in Sight” (i.e. with france?) that is Published on Berlin post newspaper! under then name of another dude
52
Q

goal of War in Sight Crisis

A

to put international pressure on France to stop rearming

53
Q

results of War in Sight Crisis

A

GB and Russia specifically condemn Bismarck for heightening tensions in Europe! backfires for Bismarck

  • GB/Russia indicate that they would support France in a potential war with Germany
    • shows in WWI!
  • results:
    • bismarck learns that GB, RUssia, AH, would aid France in a potential war
    • at least he knows who his enemies are!
54
Q

Eastern Crisis

A
  • 1875-1878
  • Also called the Russo-Turkish war 1877-1878
  • Wars between the Balkan provinces
    • Montenegro, Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia vs the Ottomans in Europe (sick man of Europe)

Eastern nations are gonna rise up against the Ottomans, boot them out

Could lead to Austria-Hungary or Russia getting more land down south

Great Britain doesn’t want this!

leads to dispute between Austria-Hungary, Russia, Germany, and Great Britain

55
Q

What do AH and Russia want from the Eastern Crisis?

A
  • Austria Hungary wants the land in their empire

- Russia wants it so they can have access to the Mediterranean

56
Q

Cassus Belli for the Eastern Crisis

A
  • Ottomans are in heavy debt due to improvements to their infrastructure/military
  • Foreign loans to pay for them
  • By 1875, the Ottomans can’t pay, so they tax the Christians in the provinces and Balkans
57
Q

the Baku uprising (April Uprising)

A

War breaks out between Bulgaria/Serb, Montenegro, Romania

Bulgarian slaughtered a lot of the Ottomans

Doesn’t go well for slavic countries until 1877 when Russia enters the war (Russia wants some of the Balkans!)

  • after it’s over and the Balkans are open, Russia signs a treaty with the Turks
58
Q

San Stefano Treaty

A

1st treaty after the Eastern Crisis

  • Creates a “Big Bulgaria”—becomes a Russian state
  • European world is not content!!
    • changes the BOP
    • Russia too much power!
59
Q

Berlin Treaty (1)

A

2nd Treaty after the Eastern Crisis

  • Bismarck hosts this
  • Essentially rewrites the treaty… Russia loses territory
  • each slavic country is independent (1877-1878)
    • Montenegro, Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia
  • Austria-Hungary obtained Bosnia (Sarajevo) to “administer”
    • Russia
60
Q

conclusions of the Eastern Crisis!!

A
  • Germany! loses a potential ally in Russia

- Russia pulls out of Dreikaiserbund in 1878

61
Q

Why did Bismarck sign the Dual/Triple Alliance?

A

Bismark be like: If I can’t be friends with Russia, I gotta get closer to Austria-Hungary

62
Q

who were in the Dual and Triple Alliances?

A

Dual (1789) Germany, Austria-Hungary

Triple (1881) Germany, Austra-Hungary, Italy

Inside countries!

63
Q

why would Austria-Hungary have any interest in forming an alliance with Germany?

A
  • they need FRIENDS!

- Germany is strong country and they speak German in Austria

64
Q

Reinsurance Treaty

A

1887-1890
secret treaty Between Russia and Germany

  • Promise to stay neutral if they have a war with another major power!
65
Q

Exceptions to Reinsurance Treaty

A
  • If Russia picks a war with Austria-Hungary, then Germany has to help out
  • if Germany is an aggressor toward France, then Russia has to help out
66
Q

Future of the Reinsurance Treaty?

A
  • this treaty is NOT renewed and is cancelled by Wilhelm II in 1890

SIGNIFICANT! bc Leads to Russia looking for a friend (France and GB)

Leads to Franco-Russian 1892

Germany is encircled!! (later during WWI and stuff too!)

67
Q

why doesn’t Bismarck want overseas land?

A

it’s not a focus for Bismarck — wants to focus on domestic issues

68
Q

the four German colonies

A
  • Cameroon — colony
  • German South-West Africa — colony (Present-day Namibia)
  • German East Africa — colony (Present-day Tanzania)
  • Fourth colony = Port Moresby (capital of papua New Guinea)

Come,
Need
Toilet
Paper?

69
Q

Berlin Congress 1885 — Second one

A
  • to avoid a potential war in Africa over ownership or title of a colony

sets up rules so ppl don’t have wars about who owns what land/colonies

70
Q

rules for 2nd Berlin Congress

A
  • you have to establish some kind of control over colony - how?
    • Police or military
    • put $$ into it - infrastructure
    • establish a government - either run by a European leader or let locals have control (which is called a protector)

Military
Money
Government
My Man Gerald (is creating colonies)

71
Q

which 2 countries aren’t occupied by foreign power in 1860?

A

(Ethiopia and Libya)

72
Q

the Scramble for Africa

A

the invasion, occupation, division, and colonization of most of Africa by seven Western European powers during a short period

they compete to see who’s got the biggest military, most overseas colonies, raw materials, resources…

73
Q

1873 - investment scandals in railway industry did what?

A

Triggered a crisis in investor confidence that spread across entire German economy

74
Q

Due to the economic crisis in the 1870s, national consensus now torn between?

A
  1. those who continued to advocate liberal trade policies of 1860s to early 70s
  2. those who saw in protectionism a cure for the depression taking place in Germany
75
Q

protectionism

A

policies that limit the access that foreign goods & services have to a country’s domestic market - adopted to protect development of a country’s own industries

76
Q

National Liberal Party

A

1870s strongest party in Reichstag

77
Q

why did Bismarck ally with the National Liberal Party?

A

strongest party in the Reichstag

  • the liberals & Bismarck shared common goals
  • they both wanted a more centralized & unified state
78
Q

particularism

A

exclusive partisanship or attachment to one’s own nation, political party or other affiliated group

79
Q

what had to be banished for a more united/stronger Germany?

A
  • the economic, legal and political particularism had to be BANISHED
  • therefore, it was easy for Bismarck & liberals to agree on the establishment of a national bank, adoption of a single currency & rationalization of commercial/criminal law across the Reich
80
Q

disagreement between the National Liberal Party and Bismarck

A
  • Bismarck firmly believed authority of the state shall remain with the Crown (chancellor & cabinet)
  • Liberals believed the Reichstag needed to be strengthened
  • Bismarck did not want to do that
81
Q

what formed the backbone of the Conservative & Imperial Party in Reichstag

A
  • bc of the worldwide depression, protectionism had become popular with both Germany’s major industrialists & increasingly among Junker agricultural interests
82
Q

why and how did Bismarck form parliamentary alliances with the CENTRE PARTY and the Conservative & Imperial Party

A

to BREAK THE DOMINANCE OF NATIONAL LIBERALS

83
Q
  • which two nations adopted protectionist policies?
A

RUSSIA & FRANCE

84
Q

why were Liberals opposed to any role for the church?

A

they saw it as infringing on natural individual rights

IB History 121 (10 decks)

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