After the COV

Question 1

I’m just gonna quickly say that we probably still have to look at whether or not liberalism triumphed in other counties (I only did France in these flash cards)

Answer 1

Good luck on teeest

Question 2

concert of Europe

Answer 2

1818-1823
Agreement between nations to create a BOP and be willing to meet and resolve potential European conflicts
met 5 times over a 5-6 year period

Question 3

Louis XVIII

Answer 3

returned as ruler of France in 1814 and ruled until 1824 as a constitutional monarch

Regime notable for participation of French bourgeoisie and upper class in French Politics

All french people had civil rights, but political rights were only for propertied and landed classes

DOROM/Napoleonic Code

Question 4

What did Louis XVIII grant in 1814

Answer 4

a charter

made France constitutional Monarchy

Question 5

how were Louis XVIII’s political views

Answer 5

Was a moderate conservative

Question 6

what did Louis XVIII have trouble with near the end of his reign

Answer 6

the reactionaries in France

-Ultras

Question 7

ultras

Answer 7

short for ultra-royalists

“More royalist than the king”

Question 8

who were the ultras led by and what did they want

Answer 8

Louis’s brother Charles X

They wanted to restore the old institutions of France

Question 9

White terror

Answer 9

backlash against Napoleonic supporters

Question 10

Treaty of Paris

Answer 10

1815

France was occupied by foreign troops for 5 years

France had to foot the bill for cost of occupation and pay war reparations

?

Question 11

Charles X

Answer 11

Charles X succeeded Louis XVIII in 1824

Count of Artois

1825-1830

67 years old

Was ultra conservative

Question 12

What did Charles X do to the 1814 charter

Answer 12

Restore power of the Catholic Church

Restored land to nobles

Question 13

What did French Parliament do to Charles X and how did he respond?

Answer 13

voted “no confidence”

Charles X dissolved parliament and called for new elections with fewer people who could vote

Question 14

July Ordinances

Answer 14

On July 25th, 1830, Charles X issued edict that directly challenged the liberals

Dissolved parliament again, reduced people who were eligible for vote (only nobles)
100,000 to 25,000

Question 15

how did the people respond to the July Ordinances

Answer 15

1830 revolution, or the July Revolution

rebellion against the monarchy by all but the most privileged classes

Barricaded the streets

Closed Le National Newspaper

Question 16

How did Charles X respond to the July Revolution

Answer 16

Charles X abdicated 3 days later and fled to England

Question 17

symbolism of 1830 revolution?

Answer 17

people of France still supported the principles of 1789, liberalism!

Question 18

What did Lafayette do?

Answer 18

recommended Louis Philippe (Duke of Orleans, Charles X cousin) as next ruler

Unified France, which was divided over the nature of a new regime

Question 19

Louis Philippe

Answer 19

became known as the “Bourgeois Monarch” and the “citizen king”

King of the French

Often wore middle-class clothes and carried an umbrella

Question 20

July Monarchy

Answer 20

Louis Philippe’s reign

Question 21

Louis Philippe reforms?

Answer 21

Voting rights were extended

The power of the king was more limited

Reinstated the National Guard

Question 22

Louis Philippe assassination attempts

Answer 22

seven attempts

happened bc he was too moderate and cautious

he believed the status quo was fine

Question 23

why were the working-class unhappy during Louis Philippe’s reign?

Answer 23

Gained very little from the revolution of 1830

Child labour was restricted in factories with more than 20 people in 1841 (though no inspection system was in place)

The poor were still left to the care of the church or a private charity

Little was done to improve public health or the distress of the growing industrial class

Question 24

whose views did Philippe represent

Answer 24

upper and upper-middle class

Question 25

What did Philippe do later in his reign? (slipping back into absolutism)

Answer 25

By 1848, demands were strong for extension of the vote, which he ignored

Political clubs/societies were made illegal

In 1847, Philippe suspended Parliament—the right of political assembly

Question 26

how did the republicans respond to the new stuff that Philippe did?

Answer 26

held Banquets

Demanded a wider franchise

Question 27

how did Philippe respond to the Banquets?

Answer 27

On February 22, 1848, a banquet was cancelled by the king

He wanted to silence the opposition and stop liberalism

Philippe called in the National Guard, but they refused to fire on the people

Question 28

how did the people respond to Philippe cancelling a banquet and what did Philippe do?

Answer 28

by tearing down buildings to barricade streets and the army refused to fire on the revolutionaries

Because the army had turned on Philippe, he abdicated and fled the country

Question 29

why did Philippe fail?

Answer 29

Failed to act on demands for reforms by the middle class/urban working class
ex: Industrial problems

His government wasn’t defeated… it was abandoned

Question 30

National Workshops

Answer 30

public work projects to provide work for the unemployed

created bc of poor harvests, massive unemployment

only for people who were married

Question 31

1848 April Elections

Answer 31

Liberals won a majority

Question 32

provisional government

Answer 32

was established until elections could be held in April

Made up of liberals, socialists, constitutional monarchists

Question 33

what happened to the National Workshops?

Answer 33

closed, because it was a financial drain on the bourgeoisie and peasants

Question 34

how did the workers respond to the closing of the National Workshops?

Answer 34

by mounting a second revolution

Set up barricades in an attempt to seize power

Question 35

how did the military respond to the 2nd revolution?

Answer 35

They supported the liberal government of the middle classes and peasants against the radical aims of the Parisian workers

Question 36

June Days

Answer 36

June 24-26 1848

uprising by French Workers

caused by the closing of the national workshops

Middle class vs Urban/lower class
Bourgeoise vs Sans Culotte

marked the 1st step back to conservatism

Question 37

1848 election

Answer 37

General Louis Cavaignac (hero of the repression)
Alphonse de Lamartine (liberal poet)
Alexander Ledru-Rollin (radical)
Louis Napoleon Bonaparte (nephew of Napoleon)

Result of the election: Louis Napoleon Bonaparte won (5 500 000 votes)

Showed that a large majority of Frenchman opposed radicalism

the country was headed back towards conservatism

Question 38

Louis Napoleon Bonaparte

Answer 38

president of the Second Republic

Question 39

what did Louis Napoleon Bonaparte do in 1851

Answer 39

dissolved the Chamber of Deputies

Question 40

what did Louis Napoleon Bonaparte do in 1852

Answer 40

Declared himself Emperor in 1852 and called a plebiscite asking for public approval

Extend his term to 10 years

he won, so France chose to have its second Napoleon and its Second Empire(republic)

As a result, republication had failed in France