UGH GB PRIOR TO WWI Flashcards
Tory Party
- Before, the Tory party was the only political party (monopoly)
- they were conservative, of the Landed Class, Anglican
- When a Tory left, they were called Whigs
- 1859 Tory→ Liberals
William Gladstone
- Early Tory/Conservative who became a Liberal.
- A Peelite!
Liberal Party Beliefs?
- working class
- reform! (more open)
- laissez-faire
- business focused
Benjamin Disraeli
- Early liberal who became a champion of the Conservative Party (Tory)
- Jewish!
conservative party beliefs?
- Tory→ conservative
- Church of England
- represented landed class
parliament prior to 1832
parliament had continued to only be represented in a nominal sense (existing in name only)
Population of Britain had more than doubled but representation in the House of Commons had remained the same
Representation based on place instead of population
New cities had emerged with no representation
Old communities whose population was decreasing immensely due to economic migration still enjoyed parliamentary representation disproportionate to their population
so!! Reform act of 1832 was introduced!
Reform Act of 1832
The Reform Act of 1832 enlarged the electorate by 60%
Representation was redistributed to more accurately reflect the changes wrought by the industrial revolution.
Results of Reform Act 1832
Long-established political alignments began to shift
Political battles of 1688 left GB with a two-party system, Whigs and Tories, with Tory ruling in the years leading up to the Reform Act
The Tory party was, however, sort of breaking apart due to the differences between young liberal Tories and the more traditional Tories
Peelite Tories
- Tories who are in support of Sir Roberts Peel
advocates moderate reform and free trade
The pressures of Chartism and the fight over the repeal of the Corn Laws (1839 – 1846) pushed them further from their traditional base and closer to Reformers, Whigs, Radicals, and Liberals.
corn laws
A set of protectionist tariffs on imported grain
Formation of the Liberal Party (this may be wrong i will have to double check)
June 1859
Peelite Tories agreed to work with Liberals, Radicals, and Whigs in the formation of the Liberal Party under the leadership of Lord Palmerston
Results of the National Party structure (IS THIS THE SAME THING AS THE LIBERAL PARTY??? I GUESS WE’LL NEVER KNOW)
made the spread of liberal ideals and gathering of support more efficient.
- Local Liberal party organizations, clubs, and associations spread throughout both urban and rural areas of England
this helped solidify a firmly recognizable liberal ideology.
Liberalism was supported by
it emerged as the ideology of the “new” Britain, and they were supported by:
Non-conformists, laissez faire capitalists
Small urban shopkeepers, artisans
Professionals, anti-slavery reformers, free-trader supporters
conservatives supported?
- The Established Church of England
- Landed Aristocracy and the Independence of the House of the Lords
- The Monarchy
- Squirearchy
- Paternalistic view of society
Why Benjamin Disraeli’s 1867 Reform Act happen yes?
There has been pressure for more reformation since the 1832 Reform Act:
The Chartist movement flourished between 1838 – 1848
The anti-corn law event had also signified an interest in the kind of mass politics that the new political parties were developing
There were also working-class organizations, such as Friendly Societies, moving beyond local roots to become national organizations
These experiments in the mass organization helped keep the issue of parliamentary reform close to the surface of English political life.
arguments against the 1867 reform act
“Stake in society” theory
- popular with laissez-faire capitalists
- Only those with a stake(property) in society should have a say in how it’s governed. Only those with something to lose should have a say in its governance.
“Lower classes did not have the intelligence or requisite experience to understand the complex matters of the state.”
the 1867 reform act
- It expanded the franchise from less than 1 million voters to over 2 million voters
Male householders in cities and renters who paid 10 euros could vote
- It redistributed seats in the House of Commons
- It transformed mass politics in Britain as now the voters are of a more diverse class and population
William Gladstone’s 1884 Reform Act
Extended the voting qualifications from the boroughs to the countryside
Bill was passed through the House of Commons in 1883 but failed bc of the conservative lords in the House of Lords
This time, it was accepted in return for a bill that would further the concept of single-member constituencies while giving rural constituencies more representation
The poorest of the working class and women could still not vote
Labour union/factory reform that happened in 1872 idk the name its not on my notes ha ha ha
Coalmines were required to provide safety measures (ventilators and safety lamps)
Ten Hours Act
- limited the work of women and young persons (aged 13–18) in textile mills to ten hours a day for five days in the week and eight hours on Saturday
- Extended to all workers in 1874
- By 1878, holidays and shorter working weeks were more common
what happened to trade unions by 1871?
Trade Unions were recognized as legal bodies
Could hold funds and own property and have representation at law
6 years later, Trade Unions were given the same rights as individuals before the law
health care acts
1871 — Local Government Act made government control of Public Health issues more efficient
1875 — tasked local governments with duty to Provide clean water, Police the food supply, Report cases of infectious disease
factors contributing to national union creation
Gas and dock workers organized a strike for shorter workdays
in 1888 London match girls won an end to an unfair system of fines
Organized labour had increased drastically in both numbers and respectability in trade unions of skilled workers
the Unskilled labourers were also organizing in the period at 1879 and were more willing than the skilled workers to take collective action
Economic instability, which caused people to publish reports on the condiitons of Britain’s poor
GLOw Under Everything
or!
GLUE-O
