Crimean War Flashcards
Ottoman Empire
ruled S.E. Europe since the late 1400s - 1650, then began to recede
1853 Tzar Nich. I called it the “sick man of Europe”
catalyst for Crimean War
Ottoman sultan gives rights to France to protect Christan holy sites in middle East
Russian Tzar Nicholas I now feels like he is justified to declare war on Ottoman Empire (Turkey)
Tzar Nicholas I loathed Napoleon III and felt that the Russians had a better claim to protect Christians in the Turkish Empire
pretext of Crimean War?
To protect orthodox Christians living under Muslim rule
Tzar believed no European nation would come to defence for a Muslim/Islamic Nation
1st Russian Attack?
Russian troops cross the Danulee River into Wallachia and Moldavia
(there’s probably more)
2nd Russian Attack?
Bomb Ottoman navy at the port of Sinope in November 1853
Puts wooden ships out of commission (they need to build steel ships)
is a short term victory for Russia, but brings Great Britain and France into the dispute
When did Great Britain and France bury 100+ years of rivalry and declare war on Russia?
March 1854
name of France’s naval ship (after declares war on Russia)
Charlemagne
Where is headquarter for attack against Russia?
Constantinople
When does GB set sail for Sebostopol?
July 1854
What did GB and France do in Constantinople?
Take over the city, hospitals, government sites
Look down upon Turks;
racist/arrogant attitude towards them
what did the lack of preparation for the trip of Constantinople do to GB?
led to loss of 10,000 soldiers due to disease and no medical care
who sourced/evidenced the aftermath of GB’s lack of preparation for trip to Constantinople?
Roger Fenton—photographer)
News correspondent—William Russell
Fanny Duberly (Jubilee)—Wife of GB army officer… wrote a journal about what happened on the ground
Why did GB send 2nd contingent of troops to Russia?
prevent Russian army from leaving
surround the capital city of St. Petersburg
attack Kronstadt naval base guarding the city
Battle of Fort Silistra (on Danube)
Ottoman Empire counterattack
Ottoman troops attack Moldavia/Wallachia led by Omar Pasha (a renegade Croat—converted to Muslim)
Leo Tolstoy fought as an artillery officer (former Russian writer)
what happened to GB prior to it attacking the Russian base in Sebastopol?
suffered greatly due to disease
July 1854 (4 months after arriving in Constantinople)
Cholera epidemic struck
10,000 men dead
what did GB do in response to the Cholera epidemic?
funded and sent 38 nurses, led by Florence Nightengale
Florence Nightingale
nurse sent by GB
great organizer and administrator
“Lady of the Lamp”
when did the Crimean War begin?
1853
who called the Ottoman Empire the “sick man of Europe”?
Tzar Nicholas I
which two Ottoman provinces did the Russian Army invade?
Walachia and Moldavia
The initial conflict between the Russians and the Ottoman Empire was over…
Christian Sites in Jerusalem
Russia’s biggest goal in starting the Crimean War was to?
Access the Dardenelles Strait
why did Russia want access to the Dardenelles Strait?
It (and Bosphorus) was the key maritime route between Central Europe and the Mediterranean
to have sea access to the west
This Ottoman naval headquarters was shelled by the Russians in 1853?
Sinope
Which former Russian writer took part in the battle at Fort Silistra?
Leo Tolstoy
The Charge of the Light Brigade was memorialized in a poem by…
Lord Tennyson
A nation may chose a writer to compose literary pieces for special occasions. What’s the title?
Poet Laureate
Which Russian Tzar took power in 1855, following the death of his father?
Tzar Alexander II
