Wounds, Burns, Scars Flashcards
Laceration
Increased tissue loss with ragged edges
Abrasion
Superficial wound with ragged edges
Incision
Clean, approximated wound edges
Puncture
Clean edges, small edges
Animal bite
Combination of crush, laceration and puncture.
Burn
Caused by external thermal agent
Phases of wound healing
Inflammatory
Proliferation
Remodelling
Inflammatory phase of healing
Acute
3-6 days
Goals: decrease pain, increase ROM, stabilize injured area, control inflammation.
Hemostasis, vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, clot formation,
Proliferative phase
Subacute
2 days to three weeks.
Granulation, new collagen laid down, angiogenesis, epitheliazation
Goals: increase ROM, prevent atrophy, promote reorganization along lines of stress, control inflammation.
Remodelling Phase
Chronic
3 weeks to 2 years
Localized pain, decreased ROM, muscle weakness, low grade inflammation
Goals: increase strength, create functional scar tissue, improve ROM, balance and proprioception, promote muscle balance
First degree burn
Superficial. Epidermis only.
Second degree burns
Partial thickness (superficial or deep burn)
Epidermis and dermis
Blistering and erythymia
Third degree burn
Full thickness burn
Extends to subQ. May affect bone, nerves, tendons, etc.
Fourth degree burn
Full thickness FUBAR burn
Catastrophic damage to subQ.
Will require grafting if survived.
Difference between superficial and deep partial thickness burns
Both second degree.
Deep affects reticular layer.
Decubitus ulcers
Pressure sores
Caused by impaired circulation due to pressure, shear force or friction.
Bedsores and pressure
Compression of tissues, usually bone against surface.
Shear force and bedsores
Skin stays in one place, deep fascia and skeletal muscle slide down.
Friction and bedsores
Force resisting shearing of skin.
Excess shedding through layers of epidermis.
How many stages of decubitus ulcers?
Four
Decubitus ulcers: Stage 1
Local erythymia, warmth, swelling but tissues intact.
Nonblanchable.
If erythymia doesn’t resolve within 30 min of pressure relief –> bedsore developing.
Reactive hyperaemia vs stage 1 pressure ulcer
- Reactive hyperaemia resolved within 3/4 of the time pressure was applied
- Reactive hyperaemia blanches with pressure
Stage 2 Decubitus ulcers
Epidermis and maybe dermis affected. Blister, abrasion, and or shallow ulcer.
Partial thickness damage
Moist, pink and painful.
Stage 3 decubitus ulcer
Full thickness damage.
Cavity created to subQ layer. Eschar.
Eschar
Thick and leathery necrotic tissue
Present in stage 3 & 4 decubitus ulcers.
Stage 4 decubitus ulcer
Full thickness damage. Through subQ to muscle and bone.
