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Ortho Tx > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

0
Q

Four principles of massage

A

Superficial to deep to superficial
General to specific to general
Periphery to centre to periphery
Proximal to distal to proximal

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1
Q

Orthopaedics

A

Branch of medical science that deals with the prevention and correction of disorders involving structures of the body, especially skeleton, joints, muscles, fascia and other supporting structures.

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2
Q

HOPMNRS

A 
History
Observation
Palpation
Movement
Neurological
Referred pain
Special tests
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3
Q

Radicular pain

A

Associated with nerve root compression

Sharp, shooting, may be accompanied by paresthesia (dermatone, muscle weakness)

Follows nerve paths.

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4
Q

Cutaneous pain

A

Superficial tissue damage

Sharp, well-localized, burning

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5
Q

Deep somatic pain

A

Muscles, tendons, joints and periosteum

Diffuse. May refer.

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6
Q

Visceral pain

A

Arises from visceral distension or ischemia, or strong GI contractions.

Diffuse

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7
Q

Referred pain

A

May come from deep somatic, cutaneous or visceral tissue.

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8
Q

Functional or psychogenic pain

A

Psychogenic but experienced as real.

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9
Q

Cramping, dull, aching pain

A

Muscle

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10
Q

Dull, aching pain

A

Ligament or joint capsule

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11
Q

Sharp, shooting pain

A

Nerve root

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12
Q

Sharp, bright, lightning-like pain

A

Nerve

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13
Q

Burning, pressure-like, stinging, aching

A

Sympathetic nerves

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14
Q

Deep, nagging, dull pain

A

Bone

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15
Q

Sharp, severe, intolerable pain

A

Fracture

16
Q

Throbbing, diffuse pain

A

Vasculature

17
Q

Order of testing function

A 
AROM
PROM
Overpressure/End feels
Muscle length
Muscle strength
Specific orthopaedic testing
18
Q

Normal end feels

A

Soft
Muscular or tissue stretch
Capsular stretch or leathery
Bony

19
Q

Abnormal end feels

A 
Empty
Muscle spasm 
Boggy/soft
Springy block or internal derangement
Capsular stretch or leathery 
Bony
Capsular pattern
Non capsular pattern.
20
Q

Gate control theory

A

“Gate” at spinal cord allows pain signals traveling via small nerves, block signals sent by large nerve fibres.

21
Q

Normal end feel: soft

A

Full range of motion restricted by normal muscle bulk

ie elbow flexion

22
Q

Normal end feel: muscle or tissue stretch

A

At extremes of muscle stretch

Ex. Hamstring stretch

Increasing tension, springiness, elasticity.

23
Q

Normal end feel: capsular stretch

A

When joint capsule stretched at end of its normal range

Ex. ER of GH jt

Like stretching leather

24
Q

Normal end feel: bony

A

When bone contacts bone at end of normal range

Ex. Elbow extension

Abrupt and hard

25
Q

Abnormal end feel: empty

A

No physical restriction; only pain

Acute bursitis or joint inflammation

26
Q

Abnormal end feel: muscle spasm

A

When passive movement stops abruptly with springy rebound and pain

From reflexive muscle spasm

Synovial inflammation if felt with capsular pattern of restriction

27
Q

Abnormal end feel: boggy or soft

A

Occurs with joint effusion or edema

Mushy and soft

Acute inflammation

28
Q

Abnormal end feel: springy block/internal derangement

A

Springy or rebounding sensation in NON capsular pattern

Loose cartilage or meniscal tissue within joint.

29
Q

Abnormal end feel: capsular stretch or leathery

A

Occurring before normal end of range

Capsular fibrosis if capsular pattern of restriction with no inflammation.

30
Q

Abnormal end feel: bony

A

Occurring before normal range

Maybe osteophytes with DJD, or malnutrition or joint following fracture

31
Q

Capsular Pattern of restriction

A

Pattern of limitation of movement at an injured or affected joint

With injury to joint capsule or synovial lining, pattern of proportional limitation will be noted as join taken through PROM.

32
Q

Noncapsular pattern of restriction

A

Maybe intraarticular mechanical blockage from adhesions, or from torn cartilage, or menisci.

Maybe extra capsular lesions (muscle contracture, myositis ossificans, or acute bursitis

Ortho Tx (14 decks)

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