Final OP Flashcards
Brachialis
O: distal anterior shaft of humerus
I: ulnar tuberosity and coronoid process of ulna
Main elbow flexor
Musculocutaneous nerve
Brachial artery
MMT: Brachialis
Seated or supine
Place hand under semi-flexed elbow, or cushion it.
Forearm pronated.
Resist extension.
Teres Major
O: Inferior portion of lateral border of the scapula
I: Medial lip of bicipital groove
Medial rotation, adduction and extension
Lower subscapular nerve
Circumflex scapular artery
MMT: Teres Major
Prone
Arm extended and adducted, medially rotated, hand palm up on posterior iliac crest. Raise elbow.
Resist downward push against arm, above elbow.
Biceps brachii
O: (long head) supraglenoid tubercle
(short head) corocoid process
I: radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis
Elbow flexion
Shoulder flexion, forearm supination
Musculocutaneous nerve
Brachial artery
MMT: Biceps
Seated or supine
Place hand under semi-flexed elbow, or cushion it.
Forearm supinated.
Resist extension.
Triceps brachii
O: (long head) infraglenoid tubercle
(lateral head) proximal half of humeral shaft
(medial head) distal half of humeral shaft
I: olecranon process
Elbow extension
Long head: shoulder extension
Radial nerve.
Deep brachial artery
MMT: Triceps
Prone. Shoulder flexed to 90º.
Support at bicep. Pressure at forearm.
Resist flexion.
MMT: Triceps
Prone. Shoulder flexed to 90º.
Support at bicep. Pressure at forearm.
Resist flexion.
Brachioradialis
O: lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
I: styloid process of the radius
Flexes elbow when neutrally pronated/supinated
Brings forearm to neutral from supination/pronation
Radial nerve
Brachial and radial arteries
MMT: Brachioradialis
Supine or seated. Elbow supported and partially flexed.
Neutral pronation.
Resist extension
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
O: medial epicondyle (CFT) and proximal ulna
I: pisiform, hook of hamate, 5th metacarpal (under Tunnel of Guyon?)
Wrist flexion, ulnar deviation
Slight elbow flexion
Ulnar nerve
Ulnar artery
MMT: FCU
Sitting or supine. Forearm supinated, wrist flexed.
Resist extension, radial deviation.
Abductor Pollicis Longus
Deep compartment of forearm.
O: Middle 1/3 of posterior ulna, and interosseous membrane
I: posterior base of MC1
Abducts thumb at CMC
Radial nerve
Posterior Interosseous artery
MMT: Abductor Pollicis longus
Sitting or supine. Semi-supinated (thumb up). Stabilize wrist.
Pressure against MC1
Resist adduction and flexion
Pectoralis Major
Origin: (clavicular): anterior surface of sternal half of clavicle
(sternocostal): anterior sternum, cartilages of R1-6/7, aponeurosis of external obliques.
Insertion: crest of greater tubercle of humerus
Clavicular: flexion and medial rotation, horizontal adduction
Sternocostal: scapular depression, oblique adduction of humerus toward opposite hip
Lateral (clavicular) and medial (both) pectoral nerves
Thoraco-acromial artery
MMT: Pec Major (upper)
Supine. Shoulder flexed to 90°, slight medial rotation, horizontally adducted toward clavicle.
Fix opposite shoulder.
Resist horizontal abduction.
MMT: Pec Major (lower)
Supine. Shoulder flexed, slight medial rotation, obliquely adducted toward opposite hip.
Fix opposite hip.
Resist lateral and superior adduction
Quadratus lumborum
Origin: posterior iliac crest
Insertion: R12 and TVPs of L1-4
Extension and lateral flexion of the trunk. APT. Elevates pelvis at lumbar sacral joint.
Lumbar plexus
Subcostal, lumbar and iliolumbar arteries.
MMT: The QL
Prone. Leg abducted in line with fibres, slightly extended, hip elevated.
Resist downward oblique pull on leg
no need to time. Pass/Fail
Rectus Femoris
Origin: AIIS, groove just above acetabular rim
Insertion: tibial tuberosity
Knee extension
Hip flexion
Femoral nerve
Femoral and deep femoral artery
MMT: Rectus Femoris
Seated. Support under thigh. Knee fully extended, no rotation.
Resist flexion.
Tensor fascia latae
Origin: ASIS
Insertion: prox 1/3 ITB
Flexion, abduction, medial rotation
Superior gluteal nerve
Deep femoral and superior gluteal arteries
MMT; TFL
Supine. Hip flexed knee extended.
Resist extension and adduction.
Biceps femoris
Origin: (long head). Ischial tuberosity
(short head). Linea aspera
Insertion: head of fibula and lateral tibial condyle.
Knee flexion.
Long head: hip extension, PPT
Sciatic (tibial) nerve
Inferior gluteal, obturator and deep femoral arteries.
MMT: biceps femoris
Prone. Knee flexed to 50-70°, slight lateral flexion.
Fix thigh on table.
Resist extension. Do not apply rotation.
Soleus
Origin: soleal line of tibia. Head and proximal 1/3 tibia
Insertion: calcaneus via Achilles’ tendon
Plantar flexion
Tibial nerve
Popliteal artery.
MMT: soleus
Prone. Knee flexed. Plantarflexion.
Grip at posterior calcaneus, support medial-distal tibia.
Resist dorsiflexion (pushing calcaneus up, not plantar surface down).
Tibialis posterior
O: posterior 2/3 tibia, fibula, interosseous membrane.
Insertion: plantar MT 2-4 and all tarsals except talus.
Inversion and plantarflexion
Tibial nerve
Posterior tibial artery
MMT: Tibialis posterior
Supine. Leg laterally rotated. Plantarflexed and inverted.
Support leg above ankle.
Resist dorsiflexion and eversion, against medial foot.
Tibialis anterior
O: proximal anterior tibia. (Lateral tibial condyle and prox 2/3 interosseous membrane)
I: dorsal 1st cuneiform and 1st metatarsal.
Dorsiflexion. Inversion.
Deep fibular nerve
Anterior tibial artery
MMT: Tibialis anterior
Supine or seated. Knee flexed if gastroc tight.
Support leg, just above ankle.
Resist plantarflexion and eversion
Fibularis longus
O: head of fibula, prox 1/2 lateral fibula
I: plantar surface of 1st cuneiform and 1st metatarsal (hooks around cuboid)
Eversion and plantarflexion
Superficial fibular nerve
Fibular artery
MMT: fib long
Supine. Medially rotated.
Support leg above ankle.
Resist inversion and dorsiflexion against lateral border of foot.
Extensor hallucis longus.
O: mid anterior fibula (mid 1/3 fib, interosseous membrane)
I: dorsal big toe (distal phalanx)
Extends big toe at MTP and IP.
Dorsiflexion and inversion
Deep fibular nerve
Anterior tibial artery
MMT: EHL
Sitting or supine.
Stabilize foot in slight plantarflexion, big toe extended.
Resist flexion.
Pectoralis minor
O: R3-5
I: coracoid process of scapula
Protraction and depression of scapula.
Elevation of R3-5
Medial and lateral pectoral nerves
Thoraco-acromial artery
MMT: Pec Minor
Supine.
Elevate shoulder. Resist depression.
Infraspinatus
O: infraspinatus
I: middle facet of greater tubercle
Lateral rotation
Suprascapular nerve
Suprascapular artery
MMT: infraspinatus
Prone. Shoulder and elbow flexed (half W). Bicep supported/cushioned.
Resist medial rotation against forearm.
Psoas major
O: vertebral bodies, TVPs and discs T12-L5
I: lesser trochanter of femur (merges with iliacus)
Flexion and lateral rotation of thigh.
Flexion and lateral rotation of trunk
APT
MMT: iliopsoas (emphasis on Psoas)
Prone. Leg flexed, slightly abducted and externally rotated.
Fix opposite hip.
Resist extension and slight abduction.
