Wounds

Question 1

True or false

Skin in the head and body are well vascularized so they heal faster

Answer 1

True

Question 2

True or false

Limb wounds heal fast

Answer 2

False

They have less vasculature so they heal slower

Question 3

Superficial wounds

Answer 3

Near the surface

Question 4

Erosion

Answer 4

Depth of wound does NOT go past the basement membrane of the dermis

Question 5

Ulcer (in terms of wounds)

Answer 5

Depth of the wound goes past the basement membrane of the dermis

Question 6

What do pink edges in a wound indicate

Answer 6

Epithelialization

Indicates it’s an older wound

Question 7

Laceration

Answer 7

Cuts or tears that only affect a specific area with defined edges and little to no tissue loss

Example: surgical wounds

Question 8

Avulsion or de-gloving

Answer 8

Peeling injury where there is significant loss of skin

Example: cats tail getting stuck and a door and it peeled the skin off

Question 9

Puncture wound

Answer 9

Small entry point that may or may not be easily visible, has the potential to extend deep into tissues, may be from a foreign body

Question 10

Blunt trauma

Answer 10

Wound as a result from a force of impact

Question 11

HBC

Answer 11

Hit by car

Question 12

True or false

A hit by car accident is the #1 cause of blunt trauma

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Blunt trauma injuries are normally accompanied by

Answer 13

Massive soft tissue +/- bone injury

Question 14

What are bite wounds a combination of

Answer 14

Combines laceration, avulsion, puncture wound and blunt trauma

Question 15

True or false

Bite wounds are always contaminated

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Cat bites normally cause

Answer 16

Puncture and laceration wounds

Question 17

Large dog bites normally more complicated due to grabbing and shaking, what are 3 things to be concerned about

Answer 17

Tearing skin from underlying subcutaneous layer

Ischemic injury (from blood loss)

Depth of wounds and infection

Question 18

1st degree burns

Answer 18

Only superficial epidermis is affected

Question 19

2nd degree burns

Answer 19

Epidermis is affected, hair follicles not affected

Question 20

3rd degree burns

Answer 20

Complete loss of epidermis, all hair is gone, can extend to the bone

Question 21

Loss of protective epidermis and damage to underlying blood vessels due to burns run the risk of

Answer 21

Evaporative loss of moisture

Infection

Question 22

Clean wounds

Answer 22

Infection risk is <2.5%, depending on sterility of surgery

Close wound

No antibiotics.

Surgical wounds

Question 23

Clean-contaminated wounds

Answer 23

Minimal contamination, infection risk is ~5%

Surgical wound with drain or surgical wounds near areas with normal flora (bladder, sinuses)

Clean and close wound, maybe antibiotics

Question 24

Contaminated wounds

Answer 24

Open fresh wound less than 4 hours old that do not appear to contain debris, caused by non-contaminated objects

Risk of infection 5-20%

Clean, close, may need drain, antibiotics

Question 25

Dirty wound

Answer 25

Any wound over 4 hours old Any wound with visible debris, foreign objects, feces, all bite wounds 20-40% chance of infection

Question 26

True or false | Any wound left open for over 8 hours have almost a 100% chance of infection

Answer 26

True

Question 27

What is the Golden Wound Period

Answer 27

Treating a wound in the First 8 hours of injury have a much better prognosis, but is most likely infected

Question 28

Most uncomplicated wounds take ___ to heal

Answer 28

2-4weeks

Question 29

First stage of wound healing

Answer 29

Acute inflammation Characterized by redness, heat, swelling, pain Starts within minutes of the injury

Question 30

What happens when trauma to blood vessels triggers the inflammatory response

Answer 30

Platelets, fibrin and clotting factors enter the area to isolate the area and clean out any foreign material and stop bleeding

Question 31

Stage 2 of wound healing

Answer 31

Epithelialization Epithelial cells at edges of the wound start to replicate and travel to the centre of the wound Starts within 24 hours after the injury

Question 32

Stage 3 of wound healing

Answer 32

Cellular phase Fibroblasts enter the area to create the framework for repair/regrowth of tissue

Question 33

Stage 4 of wound healing

Answer 33

Granulation stage When tissue starts to reform it is slightly raised, red and moist, this is granulation tissue 7-14 days after injury Chances of infection are low

Question 34

Stage 5 of wound healing

Answer 34

Maturation phase When scars form

Question 35

What is proud flesh

Answer 35

Normally on horses When the granulation stage keeps going and the tissue growth continues past the natural borders of the wound and eventually prevent proper healing (Excess granulation tissue)

Question 36

Step one in treating wounds

Answer 36

Assessment SOAP, take history and make a problem list Triage

Question 37

Step 2 in treating wounds

Answer 37

Restrict movement Prevent from further injury and amount of contamination Prevention from self trauma (e-collars, padding, isolation)

Question 38

Step 3 in treating wounds

Answer 38

Stop bleeding Pressure on area For as long as necessary

Question 39

How long should you put pressure on a wound before checking again

Answer 39

1-2 minutes of constant pressure

Question 40

Step 4 in wound healing

Answer 40

Lavage AKA wound cleaning Remove debris and bacteria Steady stream of water for up to 15 minutes or a 35cc syringe of saline Clip area if hair is present

Question 41

Step 5 of wound treating

Answer 41

Treat the infection First aid ointments or antibiotics

Question 42

Step 6 in wound treating

Answer 42

Wound closure Depends on the type of wound, contamination level, how is happened etc

Question 43

First intention wound closure

Answer 43

Best for lacerations and wounds that are not dirty Edges of the wound are brought together and sutured

Question 44

Second intention wound closure

Answer 44

AKA wound healing Wound is cleaned and left to heal on its own When there is loss of tissue or infection May involve bandages, antibiotics x therapy etc

Question 45

True or false | Never rub wounds

Answer 45

True | This disrupts Epithelialization

Question 46

Why should you avoid tight bandages

Answer 46

It will restrict blood flow and slow healing or do more damage

Question 47

Why should you avoid getting a wound wet

Answer 47

Promotes bacterial growth

Question 48

Hydrotherapy

Answer 48

Application of clean water at a steady pressure to an open wound 10-20 minutes 2 time per day It increases the rate of Epithelialization Always allow to dry completely if you are wrapping again