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Animal Diseases > Wounds > Flashcards

Wounds Flashcards

1
Q

True or false

Skin in the head and body are well vascularized so they heal faster

A

True

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2
Q

True or false

Limb wounds heal fast

A

False

They have less vasculature so they heal slower

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3
Q

Superficial wounds

A

Near the surface

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4
Q

Erosion

A

Depth of wound does NOT go past the basement membrane of the dermis

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5
Q

Ulcer (in terms of wounds)

A

Depth of the wound goes past the basement membrane of the dermis

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6
Q

What do pink edges in a wound indicate

A

Epithelialization

Indicates it’s an older wound

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7
Q

Laceration

A

Cuts or tears that only affect a specific area with defined edges and little to no tissue loss

Example: surgical wounds

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8
Q

Avulsion or de-gloving

A

Peeling injury where there is significant loss of skin

Example: cats tail getting stuck and a door and it peeled the skin off

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9
Q

Puncture wound

A

Small entry point that may or may not be easily visible, has the potential to extend deep into tissues, may be from a foreign body

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10
Q

Blunt trauma

A

Wound as a result from a force of impact

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11
Q

HBC

A

Hit by car

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12
Q

True or false

A hit by car accident is the #1 cause of blunt trauma

A

True

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13
Q

Blunt trauma injuries are normally accompanied by

A

Massive soft tissue +/- bone injury

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14
Q

What are bite wounds a combination of

A

Combines laceration, avulsion, puncture wound and blunt trauma

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15
Q

True or false

Bite wounds are always contaminated

A

True

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16
Q

Cat bites normally cause

A

Puncture and laceration wounds

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17
Q

Large dog bites normally more complicated due to grabbing and shaking, what are 3 things to be concerned about

A

Tearing skin from underlying subcutaneous layer

Ischemic injury (from blood loss)

Depth of wounds and infection

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18
Q

1st degree burns

A

Only superficial epidermis is affected

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19
Q

2nd degree burns

A

Epidermis is affected, hair follicles not affected

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20
Q

3rd degree burns

A

Complete loss of epidermis, all hair is gone, can extend to the bone

21
Q

Loss of protective epidermis and damage to underlying blood vessels due to burns run the risk of

A

Evaporative loss of moisture

Infection

22
Q

Clean wounds

A

Infection risk is <2.5%, depending on sterility of surgery

Close wound

No antibiotics.

Surgical wounds

23
Q

Clean-contaminated wounds

A

Minimal contamination, infection risk is ~5%

Surgical wound with drain or surgical wounds near areas with normal flora (bladder, sinuses)

Clean and close wound, maybe antibiotics

24
Q

Contaminated wounds

A

Open fresh wound less than 4 hours old that do not appear to contain debris, caused by non-contaminated objects

Risk of infection 5-20%

Clean, close, may need drain, antibiotics

25
Q

Dirty wound

A

Any wound over 4 hours old

Any wound with visible debris, foreign objects, feces, all bite wounds

20-40% chance of infection

26
Q

True or false

Any wound left open for over 8 hours have almost a 100% chance of infection

A

True

27
Q

What is the Golden Wound Period

A

Treating a wound in the First 8 hours of injury have a much better prognosis, but is most likely infected

28
Q

Most uncomplicated wounds take ___ to heal

A

2-4weeks

29
Q

First stage of wound healing

A

Acute inflammation

Characterized by redness, heat, swelling, pain

Starts within minutes of the injury

30
Q

What happens when trauma to blood vessels triggers the inflammatory response

A

Platelets, fibrin and clotting factors enter the area to isolate the area and clean out any foreign material and stop bleeding

31
Q

Stage 2 of wound healing

A

Epithelialization

Epithelial cells at edges of the wound start to replicate and travel to the centre of the wound

Starts within 24 hours after the injury

32
Q

Stage 3 of wound healing

A

Cellular phase

Fibroblasts enter the area to create the framework for repair/regrowth of tissue

33
Q

Stage 4 of wound healing

A

Granulation stage

When tissue starts to reform it is slightly raised, red and moist, this is granulation tissue

7-14 days after injury

Chances of infection are low

34
Q

Stage 5 of wound healing

A

Maturation phase

When scars form

35
Q

What is proud flesh

A

Normally on horses

When the granulation stage keeps going and the tissue growth continues past the natural borders of the wound and eventually prevent proper healing

(Excess granulation tissue)

36
Q

Step one in treating wounds

A

Assessment

SOAP, take history and make a problem list

Triage

37
Q

Step 2 in treating wounds

A

Restrict movement

Prevent from further injury and amount of contamination

Prevention from self trauma (e-collars, padding, isolation)

38
Q

Step 3 in treating wounds

A

Stop bleeding

Pressure on area For as long as necessary

39
Q

How long should you put pressure on a wound before checking again

A

1-2 minutes of constant pressure

40
Q

Step 4 in wound healing

A

Lavage AKA wound cleaning

Remove debris and bacteria

Steady stream of water for up to 15 minutes or a 35cc syringe of saline

Clip area if hair is present

41
Q

Step 5 of wound treating

A

Treat the infection

First aid ointments or antibiotics

42
Q

Step 6 in wound treating

A

Wound closure

Depends on the type of wound, contamination level, how is happened etc

43
Q

First intention wound closure

A

Best for lacerations and wounds that are not dirty

Edges of the wound are brought together and sutured

44
Q

Second intention wound closure

A

AKA wound healing

Wound is cleaned and left to heal on its own

When there is loss of tissue or infection

May involve bandages, antibiotics x therapy etc

45
Q

True or false

Never rub wounds

A

True

This disrupts Epithelialization

46
Q

Why should you avoid tight bandages

A

It will restrict blood flow and slow healing or do more damage

47
Q

Why should you avoid getting a wound wet

A

Promotes bacterial growth

48
Q

Hydrotherapy

A

Application of clean water at a steady pressure to an open wound

10-20 minutes 2 time per day

It increases the rate of Epithelialization

Always allow to dry completely if you are wrapping again

Animal Diseases (15 decks)

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