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Animal Diseases > Triage > Flashcards

Triage Flashcards

1
Q

What is triage

A

When you look at a set of individuals to determine the severity of wounds or illnesses to decide the order in which patients need to be seen

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2
Q

When is triage used the most

A

The waiting room (24 hour or emergency clinics)

Walk in appointments

Answering phone calls (deciding if they need to be seen)

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3
Q

What are some things that indicate a patient needs to be seen ASAP

A 
Toxin ingestion trauma 
Uncontrolled bleeding
Respiratory distress 
Distended abdomen 
Inability to urinate
Pale mucous membranes
Neurological abnormalities
Decreased responsiveness 
Shock 
Pain
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4
Q

What is the priority pyramid for triage from minimal to extreme concern

A

Wellness/maintenance (least extreme)

General homeostasis/behaviour

Nutrition

Elimination

Neurosensory

Fluid regulation

Extreme homeostasis imbalance

Oxygenation (most extreme)

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5
Q

What are wellness/maintenance concerns related to

A

Activities required to maintain and promote animal health

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6
Q

What are general homeostasis and behaviour concerns related to

A

Wide range of clinical conditions considered important to the health but are not life threatening

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7
Q

What are nutritional concerns related to

A

Intake and retention of nutrients required to sustain health

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8
Q

What are elimination concerns related to

A

Encompasses urination and defecation

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9
Q

What are neurosensory concerns related to

A

Pertain to the animals level on consciousness and perception

Exception: seizures are more severe

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10
Q

What are fluid regulation concerns related to

A

Concerns all functions that affect the animals hydration status

Dehydration or overhydration

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11
Q

What are extreme homeostatic imbalance concerns related to

A

Drastic changes in electrolyte, hydration or temperature statuses

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12
Q

What are oxygenation concerns related to

A

Critical to life

Any reduction in the ability to provide or deliver oxygen to tissues is the first priority

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13
Q

What do you consider when triaging over the phone

A

What is the primary concern

Past medical history

Medications/supplements

Responsiveness/level of consciousness (how are they acting)

Appetite

Do they need to be seen immediately, the same day or within the next few days

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14
Q

What are you looking for when triaging in the waiting room

A 
Distant exam
Heart rate
Pulses 
Blood pressure
Respiratory rate/effort
Lung sounds 
Temperature 
Mucus membranes color/texture 
CRT
Level of consciousness
Level of pain
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15
Q

What are you looking for on a distance exam

A

Comfort level

Level of consciousness (mentation)

Mobility

Respiratory rate and effort

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16
Q

What is a normal heart rate for dogs and cats, when do you need to be concerned?

A

Normal:
Cats: 180-220
Dogs: 80-120 (higher in smaller dogs)

Abnormal:
Cats: >250
Small dogs: >180
Big dog: >160

17
Q

True or false

It is normal for a pulse to not perfectly match the heart rate/rhythm

A

FALSE

they should match

18
Q

Where can you feel for pulses

A

Dorsal Pedal artery

Femoral artery

19
Q

What is normal blood pressure

A

120/80 with a mean of 90

+ 10 for horses

20
Q

When do you become concerned with blood pressure

A

When the mean is below 60

Or when systolic is above 180

21
Q

What are normal respiratory rates

A

Dogs: 20-34 (panting is not a concern)

Cats: 20-40 (higher in stressed cat, but panting is a problem)

22
Q

When do you need to become concerned with respiratory rate

A

When PO2 during anesthesia is below 60 (normal is 90)

23
Q

What is the normal Inspiratory to expiratory ratio

A

1:2

24
Q

What do you listen for when determining respiratory effort

A

Ratio
Depth
Abdominal effort

25
Q

Increased Inspiratory ratio indicates

A

A upper respiratory tract problem

26
Q

Increased expiratory ratio indicates

A

Lower respiratory problem

27
Q

What are you listening for in lung sounds

A

Presence of: bronchial tones, crackles, wheezes, pleural friction

Increased/decreased/absent lung sounds

28
Q

What are normal temperature ranges, when should you be concerned

A

38.5 +/- 0.5

Concerned over 40 or below 28 degrees
(Irreversible over 43)

stressed animals will have a slightly increased temp

29
Q

What are you looking at when evaluating mucus membranes

A

Color
Testure
CRT

30
Q

When can you physically tell an animal is dehydrated

A

When they are 5% dehydrated.

31
Q

Describe the different colors of mucus membranes

A

Yellow: icterus/jaundice

Dark red: hyperemic -stressed animals

Blue: cyanotic

Muddy: methemoglobinemia or acetaminophen poisoning

Pale: anemic or low PCV

Normal is pink

32
Q

What are normal levels of consciousness

A

BAR

QAR

33
Q

What are abnormal levels of consciousness

A 
Depressed/lethargic
Obtunded 
Stuporous 
Coma
Seizing
34
Q

What do you consider when doing levels of pain

A

Is the animal on medication or did the owner given them anything

Are they in pain at rest or when palpated

What is their pain score?

Did the owner see something happen

Animal Diseases (15 decks)

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