Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Animal Diseases > Blood Loss And Anemia > Flashcards

Blood Loss And Anemia Flashcards

1
Q

Define blood loss and give the lay term

A

Loss of actual fluid volume from the vessels

Bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the most recognized cause of blood loss

A

Traumatic injury which results in the shearing of blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are some other causes of blood loss

A

Inability to clot
Toxins
Cancers
Iatrogenic causes from surgery or collection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 5 steps in the immediate response to blood loss

A
  1. Identify origin
  2. Apply pressure
  3. Assess degree of blood loss (pulse, arrythmia, MM, lethargic, consciousness)
  4. Place IV catheter to prevent vessels collapsing and support BP
  5. Transfusions

Keep in mind internal blood loss would be different and not be able to see the blood loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What can placing an IV in anemic patients cause

A

A decrease in PCV value, this is normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is anemia

A

A decrease in the number of red blood cells (can result from blood loss)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

True or false

You can have a normal blood volume but a decreased number of RBCs

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

True or false

Anemia is a disease

A

FALSE

it is a clinical finding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are some common causes of anemia

A

Bone marrow suppression/defect

Iron deficiency anemia

Chronic renal disease

Oxidative injury (tylenol, onions, garlic, zinc toxicity)

Infectious anemia from parasites

Infectious anemia from viral infections (FeLV)

External/internal blood loss

Immune-mediated anemia

Neonatal immune-mediated anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why does chronic renal disease cause anemia

A

The kidneys make erythropoeitin -a hormone that turns on the RBC production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is melena

A

Digested blood in the stool (black tarry blood)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is hematochezia

A

Frank blood in stool (fresh blood) obvisously visible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is hematemesis

A

Blood in vomit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What happens with immune mediated anemia

A

The immune system attacks RBCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happens with neonatal immune mediated anemia

A

Maternal immune system from colostrum makes antibodies that attack the newborns’ RBCs

Common in foals and kittens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the consequences of blood Loss and anemia

A

Lack of oxygen carried to tissues (hypoxia)

Build up of CO2 will result in acidosis

Lack of blood flow to tissues (ischemia)

Hypotension (affects tissue and organ perfusion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are some clinical signs associated with just anemia

A

Pale/white mucus membranes

Icterus (jaundice) with RBC destruction while in the vessels (in MM, sclera, ears)

Tachycardia (less common murmurs)

Tachypenic (breathing fast)

Lethargy, weakness, exercise intolerance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are some additional signs to anemia when there is EXTERNAL blood loss

A

Frank blood loss

Melena (digested blood in feces is black and tarry)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are some additional signs to anemia when there is INTERNAL blood loss

A

Swelling of abdomen or SQ

Problems breathing (if in pleural space)

Hematoma in SQ

may only see on radiographs or ultrasounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the general clinical signs of blood loss with anemia

A

Decreased blood pressure and decreased pulse strength (can hear a heart murmur because of thin blood)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are some diagnostic tests for blood loss/anemia

A

CBC: blood count/components in blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the results of the CBC test for blood loss and anemia

A

Anemia: there will be a decreased in RBCs ONLY -not affect to WBCs and platelets

Blood loss: there will be decreased RBCs, platelets and WBCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

True or false

Animals are considered anemic if blood loss is significant

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

True or false

You have to have had blood loss to be considered anemic

A

FALSE

you can be anemic for other reasons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
In a PCV test (packed cell volume) in a hematocrit tube, what may be seen if RBCs have ruptured
Plasma may be red instead of yellow
26
What is chronic blood loss
Animal can tolerate blood loss when it is SLOW because the animal is able to reabsorb the blood (auto transfuse) internal blood loss They are able to decrease rate of tissue metabolism so less O2 and nutrients are needed, heart rate will increase and blood vessels will constrict
27
When does chronic blood loss become emergencies and require a transfusion
When the PCV test is less than 16%
28
What is acute blood loss
Animal has less time to adjust to less oxygen and nutrients being delivered
29
When does acute blood loss become emergencies and requires a transfusion
When the PCV test is less that 21%
30
What is the treatment and prognosis of blood loss
Chronic loss has a better prognosis depends on underlying cause, if blood loss can be stopped, whether the volume or RBCs are replaced
31
A PCV test with less than 16% requires what
A transfusion
32
How is anemia treated
Transfusions
33
When are transfusions needed
``` Trauma immune mediated anemia Parvovirus Rodenticide toxicity Splenic surgeries ```
34
What is a normal PCV test result
35-50 %
35
What is an animal’s blood type determined by
Proteins on the surface of RBCs called blood group antigens
36
An individulas blood type is determined by which ___they express
Blood surface antigen
37
What blood types do cats have
A B AB
38
What is the most common blood type of 95% cats in America
Type A
39
Greater than 85% of ____ are universal blood donors because they dont express any of the major blood group antigens
Grey hounds
40
What is a transfusion reaction
When blood given does not match the recipient and it initiates an immune response and destruction of the foreign RBCs
41
What are alloantibodies
Antibodies that certain species have that recognize foreign blood group antigens. When foreign blood enters these antibodies attack and destroy the RBCs
42
True or false | Cats have alloantibodies
TRUE
43
Blood type B is more common in
Persians Himalayans Devon Cornish rex breeds
44
How do some species such as dogs, horses, and cattle produce antibodies to a foreign blood group antigen
The immune system must be exposed to another blood type
45
How long does it take to produce antibodies after the first exposure
1-2 weeks
46
When are some examples of when you could possibly be exposured to another blood type
Transfusions Pregnancy Birth
47
True or false | Cats have a universal blood type
FALSE
48
Why can dogs have one free transfusion
Because they do not have alloantibodies to reject blood if it does not match, it will take up to 1-2 weeks to respond
49
When is the “one free transfusion” not a thing
If the patient has previously recieved a blood transfusion or has been pregnant
50
Define blood typing
Identifying an animals blood group antigens
51
Define blood matching
Ensuring the donor and recipient are compatible for a blood transfusion
52
Define major cross-match
Ensure that the recipient will not reject the donors blood
53
Define minor cross match
Ensuring that the donors serum does not contain alloantibodies that may damage the recipients RBCs
54
After an initial blood transfusion, another blood transfusion with the same blood can be given within ____ hours, after that the risk is considered to be too great
24 hours
55
RBCs given in a transfusion will slowly die off, once RBCs leave bone marrow their life span is ____ days
110 days
56
After a transfusion, before RBCs start to die what must happen
Patient must start making their own RBCs again Or Another transfusion will be needed
57
Whole blood can be stored for
28 days at 4 degrees celcius
58
After the 28 days, whole blood can be centrifuged to remove ___ and then stored at ____
Remove plasma and then store at -20 degrees celcius
59
What does plasma contain
Albumin Antibodies Clotting factors Fibrin
60
True or false | Blood transfusions are a type of tissue graft
True
61
What is Feline neonatal isoerythrolysis AKA fading kitten syndrome Also seen in foals
RBC destruction resulting in anemia Immune mediated disease (immune system destroys RBCs)
62
What is fading kitten syndrome caused by
Breeding a type B queen with a type A tom
63
Describe what happens when you breed Type B cat with a Type A cat
Type B has alloantibodies to type A With pregnancy, placenta prevents queens antibodies from entering the kittens, pathology occurs with nursing Antibodies from colostrum are absorbed by kitten and they start to attack the kitten’s RBCs
64
How do you treat and prevent fading kitten syndrome
Avoid breeding combination blood types Prevent kitten from nursing Give blood transfusion

Animal Diseases (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions