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Animal Diseases > Diseases > Flashcards

Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Physiological

A

NORMAL cell/tissue/organ function

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2
Q

Pathological

A

ABNORMAL cell/tissue/organ function

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3
Q

Clinical sign

A

Abnormality of structure or function that can be observed by the vet/client

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4
Q

true or false

The word “symptom” can be used with animals

A

False

Because a symptom is something the animal feels but cannot be seen, and animals cannot tell us what they are feeling

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5
Q

Disease

A

A recognized structure or function with a defined set of recognizable clinical signs

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6
Q

Etiology

A

The cause of the disease

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7
Q

What are the 2 meanings of signalment

A

1) the basic description of an animal (breed,age,sex,reproductive status, color, etc)
2) the population most likely to be affected or most at risk

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8
Q

What is an example of signalment in terms of being susceptible to disease

A

Unvaccinated dogs less than 1 year of age (black and tan breeds) are most susceptible to parvovirus

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9
Q

When a disease is local

A

Diseases that affect a specific organ/part of the body/ system

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10
Q

When a disease is disseminated

A

When a local disease has spread elsewhere

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11
Q

When a disease is Systemic

A

The disease affects a number of organs/tissues or the whole body

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12
Q

Asymptomatic

A

The patient is affected but does NOT appear to be

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13
Q

Subclinical disease is a type of disease that is lacking in detectable signs and symptoms on a physical exam, what are two ways these disease are detectable?

A

1) detectable by decreased production/function (milk or reproduction)
2) abnormalities on diagnostic testing (chemical, radiographic)

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14
Q

Clinical or symptomatic disease

A

Disease with recognizable signs and symptoms

Often described with mild, moderate or severe

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15
Q

A fatal disease

A

Disease that results in death

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16
Q

Chronicity of a disease

A

The length of a time from when a disease starts until it’s over

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17
Q

When a disease is peracute

A

Only lasting a few hours, tends to be most severe and usually fatal

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18
Q

When a disease is acute

A

Lasting days to a couple weeks

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19
Q

When a disease is subacute

A

Somewhere in between acute and chronic

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20
Q

When a disease is chronic

A

Lasting weeks, months or years, usually less severe than acute diseases

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21
Q

When a disease is relapsing-remitting

A

A form of chronic disease where the clinical symptoms come and go over time

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22
Q

Relapse

A

When clinical symptoms are present

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23
Q

Remission

A

When clinical signs are absent

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24
Q

Congenital diseases

A

Present from birth, affected the embryo/fetus in the uterus

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25
Q

Inherited congenital diseases

A

Familial inheritance of genetic condition from either parent

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26
Q

Non-inherited congenital disease

A

Damage to the embryo/fetus can occur due to infection, traumas lack of blood flow, radiation, toxins

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27
Q

An agent or factor that causes harm to the embryo/fetus is a

A

Teratogen

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28
Q

The pathological process that results from a teratogen is

A

Teratogenesis

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29
Q

Acquired disease

A

Occur after birth due to an external factor (some influence from outside the body)

30
Q

True or false

Inherited disease can be acquired

A

False

31
Q

Intrinsic diseases

A

Start from within the patient, with no outside influence

32
Q

Degenerative diseases

A

Diseases that occur over time and are related to natural wear and tear due to aging

33
Q

Extrinsic disease

A

Diseases caused by outside factors

Toxicities, injury, infection

34
Q

Primary diseases

A

The disease that happens first, not associated with previous disease or injury

35
Q

Secondary disease

A

Disease that Happens as a result of a previous disease, injury or event

36
Q

True or false

A primary disease can cause a secondary disease

A

True

37
Q

Iatrogenic

A

Diseases caused during medical examination or as a side effect of medical treatment

38
Q

Idiopathic diseases

A

A disease of unknown origin

Or “self originating and self sustaining”

39
Q

What is the mnemonic developed for veterinaries to remember when considering a patients condition

A

DAMNIT-V

40
Q

Neoplastic

A

Uncontrolled growths, can be benign or malignant, can be local or metastatic

41
Q

Zoonotic diseases

A

Infectious diseases that are transferable from animals to people

42
Q

True or false

A lot of zoonotic diseases can cause miscarriages in women

A

True

43
Q

Reportable diseases

A

Disease of public health importance that are tracked by the government

44
Q

Morbidity

A

The rate of a disease in a population (transmission/spread)

45
Q

What are the 6 characteristics reportable diseases have

A 
High mortality/morbidity 
High risk of transmission 
Economic importance 
Zoonosis 
New diseases 
Diseases New to the area
46
Q

SOAP

A

Subjective info
Objective info
Assessment
Plan

47
Q

Problem oriented approach to a diagnosis

A

Making a list of all the problems going on with the patient and ranking them in order of importance

48
Q

Differential diagnosis

A

Using a problem oriented approach as a basis to make a diagnosis

Lists all of the possible diagnoses in order of most to least likely

49
Q

Why do vets use problem oriented approaches to diagnoses

A

Make sure that treatment is directed at treating the cause of the problem, not just the symptoms

50
Q

SOAP

describe subjective

A

Subjective problems: described in terms of length, severity, frequency, colour, texture, and varying degrees

51
Q

SOAP

describe objective

A

A list of all the problems that can be quantified and assigned a value to

52
Q

True or false

Objective information can change based on who is describing it

A

FALSE

objective information is based on tests with a quantitative value and do not change regardless of who does the testing

53
Q

SOAP

describe assessment

A

Once a ordered list of problems with the patient has been made, the vet can make a differential diagnosis

54
Q

SOAP

Describe plan

A

Treatment and management plan

Including follow up, meds, and any recommendations

55
Q

Preventative treatments

A

Giving a treatment to prevent something from happening

Example: making a dog throw up after eating rat poison

56
Q

Medical management treatments

A

A combination of drugs, fluids, nutritional management, pain control, and therapy to treat a condition

Example: fluids, meds, anything BUT surgery, in order to prevent the need for surgery

57
Q

Surgical management treatments

A

Using surgery as the primary method to treat a condition (not excluding the use of medical management)

Example: broken bones or obstructions

58
Q

Empirical treatments

A

Treatment without a known diagnosis, based on “best guesses” due to lack of evidence
The patients response to the treatment help to diagnose the issue

59
Q

Why might owners choose empirical treatments

A

Lack of funds

Tests give no answers

60
Q

Symptomatic treatment

A

Medical or surgical management, but treatment is only concerned with treating specific clinical signs or problems and does not address the underlying cause

Example: giving fluids to a dog with diarrhea -treats dehydration but not the virus causes diarrhea

61
Q

Palliation or palliative care

A

Similar to symptomatic treatment, but in the cause of an end-of-life-disease
No attempts to treat underlying causes, only in decreasing pain and suffering

Focuses on quality of life, not quantity

62
Q

True or false

Euthanasia is considered a treatment plan

A

True

63
Q

Prognosis

A

Prediction of the outcome of the disease

The chances the patient will return to its state before the start of the disease

64
Q

Percent morbidity

A

The frequency at which a disease occurs in a population

It is the state of poor health that does not result in death but affects measures of the animal

65
Q

True or false

The higher the percent morbidity than greater the effect of the disease on the population

A

True

66
Q

Percent mortality

A

The frequency of death in a population due to a disease

67
Q

True or false

The higher the percent mortality the more severe the disease

A

True

68
Q

100% prognosis

A

Guaranteed cure

69
Q

90% prognosis

A

An excellent chance of returning to normal

70
Q

> 60% prognosis

A

More likely to survive than die but may have lasting effects

71
Q

50% prognosis

A

Equal chance of death or recovery

72
Q

<50% prognosis

A

More likely to die than recover

Animal Diseases (15 decks)

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