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Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Physiological

A

NORMAL cell/tissue/organ function

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2
Q

Pathological

A

ABNORMAL cell/tissue/organ function

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3
Q

Clinical sign

A

Abnormality of structure or function that can be observed by the vet/client

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4
Q

true or false

The word “symptom” can be used with animals

A

False

Because a symptom is something the animal feels but cannot be seen, and animals cannot tell us what they are feeling

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5
Q

Disease

A

A recognized structure or function with a defined set of recognizable clinical signs

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6
Q

Etiology

A

The cause of the disease

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7
Q

What are the 2 meanings of signalment

A

1) the basic description of an animal (breed,age,sex,reproductive status, color, etc)
2) the population most likely to be affected or most at risk

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8
Q

What is an example of signalment in terms of being susceptible to disease

A

Unvaccinated dogs less than 1 year of age (black and tan breeds) are most susceptible to parvovirus

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9
Q

When a disease is local

A

Diseases that affect a specific organ/part of the body/ system

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10
Q

When a disease is disseminated

A

When a local disease has spread elsewhere

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11
Q

When a disease is Systemic

A

The disease affects a number of organs/tissues or the whole body

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12
Q

Asymptomatic

A

The patient is affected but does NOT appear to be

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13
Q

Subclinical disease is a type of disease that is lacking in detectable signs and symptoms on a physical exam, what are two ways these disease are detectable?

A

1) detectable by decreased production/function (milk or reproduction)
2) abnormalities on diagnostic testing (chemical, radiographic)

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14
Q

Clinical or symptomatic disease

A

Disease with recognizable signs and symptoms

Often described with mild, moderate or severe

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15
Q

A fatal disease

A

Disease that results in death

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16
Q

Chronicity of a disease

A

The length of a time from when a disease starts until it’s over

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17
Q

When a disease is peracute

A

Only lasting a few hours, tends to be most severe and usually fatal

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18
Q

When a disease is acute

A

Lasting days to a couple weeks

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19
Q

When a disease is subacute

A

Somewhere in between acute and chronic

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20
Q

When a disease is chronic

A

Lasting weeks, months or years, usually less severe than acute diseases

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21
Q

When a disease is relapsing-remitting

A

A form of chronic disease where the clinical symptoms come and go over time

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22
Q

Relapse

A

When clinical symptoms are present

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23
Q

Remission

A

When clinical signs are absent

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24
Q

Congenital diseases

A

Present from birth, affected the embryo/fetus in the uterus

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25
Inherited congenital diseases
Familial inheritance of genetic condition from either parent
26
Non-inherited congenital disease
Damage to the embryo/fetus can occur due to infection, traumas lack of blood flow, radiation, toxins
27
An agent or factor that causes harm to the embryo/fetus is a
Teratogen
28
The pathological process that results from a teratogen is
Teratogenesis
29
Acquired disease
Occur after birth due to an external factor (some influence from outside the body)
30
True or false | Inherited disease can be acquired
False
31
Intrinsic diseases
Start from within the patient, with no outside influence
32
Degenerative diseases
Diseases that occur over time and are related to natural wear and tear due to aging
33
Extrinsic disease
Diseases caused by outside factors | Toxicities, injury, infection
34
Primary diseases
The disease that happens first, not associated with previous disease or injury
35
Secondary disease
Disease that Happens as a result of a previous disease, injury or event
36
True or false | A primary disease can cause a secondary disease
True
37
Iatrogenic
Diseases caused during medical examination or as a side effect of medical treatment
38
Idiopathic diseases
A disease of unknown origin | Or “self originating and self sustaining”
39
What is the mnemonic developed for veterinaries to remember when considering a patients condition
DAMNIT-V
40
Neoplastic
Uncontrolled growths, can be benign or malignant, can be local or metastatic
41
Zoonotic diseases
Infectious diseases that are transferable from animals to people
42
True or false | A lot of zoonotic diseases can cause miscarriages in women
True
43
Reportable diseases
Disease of public health importance that are tracked by the government
44
Morbidity
The rate of a disease in a population (transmission/spread)
45
What are the 6 characteristics reportable diseases have
``` High mortality/morbidity High risk of transmission Economic importance Zoonosis New diseases Diseases New to the area ```
46
SOAP
Subjective info Objective info Assessment Plan
47
Problem oriented approach to a diagnosis
Making a list of all the problems going on with the patient and ranking them in order of importance
48
Differential diagnosis
Using a problem oriented approach as a basis to make a diagnosis Lists all of the possible diagnoses in order of most to least likely
49
Why do vets use problem oriented approaches to diagnoses
Make sure that treatment is directed at treating the cause of the problem, not just the symptoms
50
SOAP | describe subjective
Subjective problems: described in terms of length, severity, frequency, colour, texture, and varying degrees
51
SOAP | describe objective
A list of all the problems that can be quantified and assigned a value to
52
True or false | Objective information can change based on who is describing it
FALSE | objective information is based on tests with a quantitative value and do not change regardless of who does the testing
53
SOAP | describe assessment
Once a ordered list of problems with the patient has been made, the vet can make a differential diagnosis
54
SOAP | Describe plan
Treatment and management plan | Including follow up, meds, and any recommendations
55
Preventative treatments
Giving a treatment to prevent something from happening Example: making a dog throw up after eating rat poison
56
Medical management treatments
A combination of drugs, fluids, nutritional management, pain control, and therapy to treat a condition Example: fluids, meds, anything BUT surgery, in order to prevent the need for surgery
57
Surgical management treatments
Using surgery as the primary method to treat a condition (not excluding the use of medical management) Example: broken bones or obstructions
58
Empirical treatments
Treatment without a known diagnosis, based on “best guesses” due to lack of evidence The patients response to the treatment help to diagnose the issue
59
Why might owners choose empirical treatments
Lack of funds | Tests give no answers
60
Symptomatic treatment
Medical or surgical management, but treatment is only concerned with treating specific clinical signs or problems and does not address the underlying cause Example: giving fluids to a dog with diarrhea -treats dehydration but not the virus causes diarrhea
61
Palliation or palliative care
Similar to symptomatic treatment, but in the cause of an end-of-life-disease No attempts to treat underlying causes, only in decreasing pain and suffering Focuses on quality of life, not quantity
62
True or false | Euthanasia is considered a treatment plan
True
63
Prognosis
Prediction of the outcome of the disease The chances the patient will return to its state before the start of the disease
64
Percent morbidity
The frequency at which a disease occurs in a population It is the state of poor health that does not result in death but affects measures of the animal
65
True or false | The higher the percent morbidity than greater the effect of the disease on the population
True
66
Percent mortality
The frequency of death in a population due to a disease
67
True or false | The higher the percent mortality the more severe the disease
True
68
100% prognosis
Guaranteed cure
69
90% prognosis
An excellent chance of returning to normal
70
>60% prognosis
More likely to survive than die but may have lasting effects
71
50% prognosis
Equal chance of death or recovery
72
<50% prognosis
More likely to die than recover

Animal Diseases (15 decks)

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