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History 10 > World War II > Flashcards

World War II Flashcards

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1
Q

How did the United States mobilize rapidly?

A

military bases were built to deal with thousands of volunteers

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2
Q

What role did African Americans have in the war?

A
  • recruited for combat
  • segregated units
  • fighting for Double V
  • Tuskegee Airmen
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3
Q

What does Double V mean?

A

victory vs Axis abroad and victory over racism at home

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4
Q

Who were the Tuskegee Airmen?

A

frist African American Air Force unit

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5
Q

Who were the Tuskegee Airmen?

A

first African American Air Force unit

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6
Q

What role did women play in the war?

A

joined military forces for the first time in limited support roles

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7
Q

Were Japanese-Americans allowed in the military?

A

originally barred from joining

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8
Q

What role did Native Americans serve in the war?

A

code talkers

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9
Q

How did the U.S. government mobilize the economy for war?

A
  • business leaders converted to producing war materials
  • new methods for faster production were put into place
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10
Q

What played an important role in helping the US win the war?

A

industry

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11
Q

How did business leaders help Roosevelt build a strong nation for war?

A
  • Ford: converted from making vehicles to bombers
  • “The Dollar-a-Year Men” CEO of General Motors left job to earn $1 salary advising FDR
  • Kaiser: liberty ships
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12
Q

What did the increase in jobs on the home front do?

A
  • brought nation out of depression
  • into a time of rapid growth
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13
Q

What was included in the time of rapid growth?

A
  • working class entered mainstream of US
  • most still unable to spend much of the money that was earned
  • sacrifices for families and workers
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14
Q

How were women effected with the rapid growth?

A
  • entered workforce building supplies and doing factory work that was once meant for men
  • “Rosie the Riveter”
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15
Q

How were African Americans effected with the rapid growth?

A
  • struggled for equal treatment
  • Roosevelt signed Executive Order 8802
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16
Q

What was Executive Order 8802?

A
  • outlawed discrimination in employee hiring
  • only applied to defense jobs
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17
Q

What steps did the government take to stabilize wages and prices?

A
  • government offices controlled economy and prevent labor strikes
  • supplies and foods were rationed so there was enough for the military
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18
Q

Why did wages and prices have to be stabilized?

A

to avoid inflation

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19
Q

What did victory gardens do?

A

increased food supplies and sale of war bonds that raised money for the war

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20
Q

What was the Office of War Information?

A

helped inform the public about war through media outlets such as movies

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21
Q

How did the wartime relocation of many Americans affect US government and society?

A
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22
Q

When was Executive Order 9066?

A

1942

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23
Q

What was Executive Order 9066?

A

War Relocation Authority removed all people of Japanese ancestry from the West Coast

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24
Q

Who was affected by Executive Order 9066?

A
  • both citizens and non citizens
  • over 100,000 interned in camps in remote areas
  • lost home, possessions, and businesses
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25
Q

How did people feel about Japanese internment?

A

uncomfortable with the similarities between the internment camps and the German concentration camps

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26
Q

What was the outcome of Korematsu vs the United States?

A

Supreme Court upheld their constitutionality

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27
Q

What was the United State’s apology to the Japanese?

A
  • 1988
  • Congress awarded $20,000 to each surviving Japanese American internee
  • official apology
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28
Q

What happened first 6 months after Pearl Harbor?

A
  • Japan conquers empire
  • push aside US, Great Britain, and Dutch navy and take colonies
  • invaded Philippines day after Pearl Harbor
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29
Q

What did General Douglas MacArthur do in the Philippines?

A

led troops to Bataan Peninsula before surrendering

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30
Q

What was the Bataan Death March?

A
  • 76,000 Filipinos and Americans held as POWs
  • faced to march 60+ miles in tropical heat when already weakened
  • 10,000 died
  • many executed
  • survivors sent to camps where 15,000 more died
  • violation of Geneva Convention / treatment of POWs
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31
Q

Why didn’t the Pearl Harbor attack eliminate Pacific fleet like Japan hoped?

A

2 carriers at sea, 1 in California

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32
Q

What was Doolittle’s Raid?

A
  • April 1942
  • Lt. Col. James Doolittle leads raid on Tokyo from carriers
  • little damage but boosted morale
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33
Q

What was the Battle of Midway?

A
  • allies break Japanese code
  • win Battle of Midway
  • stop Japan again
  • Japan lost 250 planes and most of their skilled pilots
  • Japan unable to launch more offensive operations in the Pacific
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34
Q

What is island hopping?

A
  • select important islands to attack
  • break Japanese supply line
  • advance island by island to Japan
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35
Q

Why did the US capture Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands?

A

Japanese were building airfield there

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36
Q

Why did Japanese flee into the jungle?

A
  • August 1942
  • 11,000 marines land on island
37
Q

What was the Battle of Guadalcanal?

A
  • provided marines with first taste of jungle warfare
  • Japanese defeated after 5 months of brutal fighting
38
Q

When did troops invaded the Philippine island of Leyte?

A

October 1944

39
Q

What was the Battle of Leyte Gulf?

A
  • ground troops battled inland
  • MacArthur: “I have returned”
  • 280+ warships in three-day battle
  • American force destroyed Japanese navy
  • 2 months to liberate Leyte
  • continued to fight for control of the rest of Philippines until end of war
40
Q

What was the first battle where the Japanese used kamikazes?

A

Battle of Leyte

41
Q

What were kamikazes?

A

loaded aircraft with bombs and then deliberately crashed them into enemy ships

42
Q

Why did Churchill and Roosevelt want to attack German-controlled areas in North Africa before areas in Europe?

A
43
Q

How did Germany look unstoppable?

A
  • British being bombed
  • France occupied by Nazis
  • Soviet Union invaded by Germany in June 1941 and entered war on Allied side
  • suffering heavy losses
44
Q

What was the Battle of the Atlantic?

A
  • Great Britain and US try to control Atlantic trade routes
  • Wolfpacks left from France, attacked and destroyed merchant ships
  • 72,000 Allied sailors killed
  • 3500+ ships lost
  • convoys ant anti-sub aircraft helped US and GB regain trade routes
45
Q

What were wolfpacks?

A

packs of 20+ German U-boats

46
Q

When were the battles in North Africa?

A
  • 1940-1943
  • 1942-1943 for the US
47
Q

What were the battles in North Africa?

A
  • early victories to Nazi Germany Rommel “The Desert Fox”
  • US (led by Eisenhower) and GB troops fight back
  • win decisive victories in 1943
  • Churchill and FDR meet in Casablanca, Morocco
  • announcing they will only accept “unconditional surrender”
  • agree to continue “Europe first” strategy but do not attack France yet
48
Q

When was Germany’s advance?

A

1941-1942

49
Q

What was Germany’s advance?

A
  • June 1941, 3 million Axis troops invade USSR
  • German armies threatened Moscow and Leningrad
  • Stalin begs US an GB for invasion of Europe to relieve pressure
  • Russian winter of 1941 halted German advance until summer 1942
50
Q

When was the Battle of Stalingrad?

A

1942-1932

51
Q

What was the Battle of Stalingrad?

A
  • German began two-mont firebombing campaign at Stalingrad
  • November 1942, Soviets take advantage of winter conditions and counterattack
  • German army surrounded with no supplies or hope of escape
  • February 1943, Germans surrendered
52
Q

What were the losses from the Battle of Stalingrad?

A
  • 300,000 Germans
  • over 1 million Russians
53
Q

How did the Battle of Stalingrad contribute to the war?

A
  • turning point of the war in the east
  • Stalin continues to ask for European invasion
54
Q

What were the turning points in the war?

A
  • Battle of Midway in the west
  • Battle of Stalingrad in the east
55
Q

What were the goals of strategic bombing in Germany and the invasion of Sicily?

A
56
Q

What did Roosevelt and Churchill agree to at the Casablanca Conference?

A

increase bombing of Germany and attack Italian island of Sicily

57
Q

What did Allies attack on Sicily?

A

July 1943

58
Q

What was the attack on Sicily?

A
  • “soft underbelly”
  • looking to eliminate Hitler’s strongest ally
  • Allies eventually conquer it
  • King Victor Emmanuel III fired and arrests Mussolini
  • new Italian prime minister surrendered
59
Q

What happened to Mussolini after he was arrested?

A
  • Hitler attacked Rome and rescued Mussolini
  • put him in charge of puppet state in Northern Italy
  • after Allies conquer Italy in 1945, Mussolini executed and Italy “freed”
60
Q

When did the Allies conquer Rome?

A

April 1945

61
Q

What if D-Day had failed and Germany had defeated the Allies in Europe?

A
62
Q

What was Operation Overload?

A
  • Gen Dwight D. Eisenhower
  • largest military operation in history
  • amphibious and air attack launched from GB
  • 156,000 soldiers, 5,000 ships, 11,000 planes
63
Q

Who was the supreme commander of Allied forces during Operation Overload?

A

Dwight D. Eisenhower

64
Q

When was D-Day?

A

June 6, 1944

65
Q

What was D-Day?

A
  • Allies bombed Normandy, dropped paratroopers, amphibious troops stormed beaches
  • heavy casualties suffered
  • victory gave Allies beach head and supply line to Europe for first time since 1940
  • 2 million Allied troops were in France by late July
66
Q

What were beaches in the D-Day invasion?

A

Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juno, Sword

67
Q

Why was the Battle of the Bulge so important to the Allied forces?

A
68
Q

When was the Battle of the Bulge?

A
  • Dec 1944
69
Q

What was the Battle of the Bulge?

A
  • German counterattack in Belgium and Luxembourg
  • pushed back US army
  • formed bulge in Allied Line
  • largest battle in Western Europe during WWII
  • 80,000 American casualties
  • Germans lost 100,000
  • most Nazi leaders realized they had lost
70
Q

When does Hitler commit suicide?

A

April 30, 1945

71
Q

When do the Germans surrender?

A

May 8, 1945

72
Q

What is V-E Day?

A

victory in Europe Day

73
Q

What factors did President Truman’s have to consider when making the decision to drop the atomic bomb?

A
74
Q

What happened at Iwo Jima?

A
  • Feb 1945
  • US marines stormed beaches
  • more than 100,000 US troops took one month to defeat 25,000 Japanese
  • 25,000 US casualties
  • 27 medals of honor
75
Q

When was the Battle of Okinawa?

A

April-June 1945

76
Q

What was the Battle of Okinawa?

A
  • last obstacle to invasion of Japan
  • 2,000 kamikaze attacks vs 1,300 US ships
  • 50,000 US casualties
  • costliest engagement of Pacific War
  • 100,000 Japanese killed
  • 7,000 surrendered
77
Q

What were the weighed costs of an invasion of Japan?

A

casualty estimates were hight 500,000 - 1.5 million Allied casualties

78
Q

What did the US do to destroy war production?

A
  • firebombing cities
  • bombs filled with napalm
  • over 80,000 killed in Tokyo
79
Q

What is napalm?

A

jellied gasoline

80
Q

What is significant of letter from Albert Einstein?

A
  • suggested that powerful bomb could be built by Nazis
  • FDR makes top secret Manhattan Project to develop atomic bomb
81
Q

When does FDR die?

A
  • April 1945
  • Truman takes over
82
Q

What happened when US tested first bomb?

A
  • explosion of blinding light and blew a huge crater in earth
  • shattered windows 125 miles away
83
Q

What was the Japanese-Potsdam Declaration?

A
  • US issued ultimatum for unconditional surrender
  • Japan refused and decision to use bomb was made
84
Q

What was the first city the bomb was dropped on?

A
  • Hiroshima
  • Little Boy
  • 60% of city was leveled
  • 80,000 dead
  • 37,000 injured
  • 10,000 missing
  • Japan still refused to surrender
85
Q

What was the second city the bomb was dropped on?

A
  • Nagasaki
  • 2 square miles wiped out
  • 200,000 civilian casualties in 3 days
86
Q

When did Emperor Hirohito surrender?

A
  • August 15, 1945
  • V-J day
87
Q

When did the war end?

A

September 2, 1945

88
Q

What was the punishment to German and Japanese leaders for war crimes?

A

International Military Tribunal

History 10 (9 decks)

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