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History 10 > world war I > Flashcards

world war I Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the causes of WWI in Europe?

A

Militarism
Alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism

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2
Q

Who was to blame?

A

all of the countries involved in the war were a part of the cause of the war, but Germany took all the blame and was the only one to appear guilty

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3
Q

What is militarism?

A

aggressively building up armed forces to prepare for war

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4
Q

What was Germany and Great Britain competing about?

A

building battleships

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5
Q

What was Germany competing about with Russia and France?

A

expanding their armies

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6
Q

What were the two groups of allies called and the countries involved in each?

A

allies: Great Britain, France, Russia (Italy joined in 1915)
central powers: germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire

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7
Q

What did alliances have to do with the war?

A

alliances made it more likely for the war to start

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8
Q

What did imperialism have to do with the war?

A

all the great powers were competing for colonies/territories

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9
Q

What was Alsace-Lorraine?

A

the area of land that France and Germany had switched off control over
- Germany had possession, but France wanted it back

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10
Q

What countries feared other countries?

A
  • the British feared Germany in Africa
  • Austria was fearful of Russia and Siberia in the Balkans
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11
Q

What are the two types of nationalism? Which countries showed each type?

A
  1. countries want to prove that they are great
    - Germany
    - Great Britain
    - France
  2. smaller nations/ethnic groups wanted to assert their independence
    - the slavs (an ethnic group in eastern and souther Europe) wanted to be free of Austrian rule
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12
Q

What was the ethnic group of Great Britain called?

A

alto saxon

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13
Q

What was the ethnic group of Ireland called?

A

celtic

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14
Q

What was the ethnic group of Germany called?

A

germanic

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15
Q

What was the ethnic group of France called?

A

gaullic

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16
Q

What was the ethnic group of Russia called?

A

slavic

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17
Q

Who was Kaiser Wilhelm II?

A

the king of Germany
- built up German army and navy
- aggressive foreign policy
- determined to make Germany a top nation
- distrusted by other powers

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18
Q

Who was Franz Joseph?

A

emperor of Austria-Hungary
- old man, no male heirs
- nephew Franz Ferdinand to rule after his death
- Franz Ferdinand married a commoner woman and Franz Joseph never forgave him for it

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19
Q

What was the Black Hand group?

A
  • believed in slav nationalism
  • terrorists
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20
Q

Where and why does Franz Ferdinand visit?

A
  • Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia, which was recently taken over by Austria
  • wanted to make peace with the slavs
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21
Q

When did the Crisis happen?

A

June 28, 1914

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22
Q

What did the Black Hand group try to do to Franz Ferdinand?

A
  • attack the Arch Duke
  • bomb attempt fails in the morning
  • try to assassinate Ferdinand and his wife
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23
Q

Who killed Franz Ferdinand and his wife?

A

Gaurilo Princip

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24
Q

What events take place after Franz Ferdinand is assassinated?

A
  • Austrians blame Serbia for supporting terrorists
  • Austrians, supported by Germany, send Serbia a tough ultimatum (a final demand)
    • Serbia cannot accept
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25
Q

What happens one month after the assassination?

A

Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia

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26
Q

What happens after Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia?

A
  • Russia mobilizes their troops to support Serbia
  • Germany demands that Russia stands their armies down
    • Russia refuses
  • within 2 weeks, most of major powers in Europe are involved in the war
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27
Q

What was the Schlieffen Plan?

A
  • Germany’s idea of invading France by cutting through Belgium
    • decision to go through Belgium brought Great Britain into the war because of an old treaty between Belgium and Great Britain
  • Germany believed that they could defeat France in 6 weeks, then shift their focus to Russia
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28
Q

What happened when Germany invaded France?

A
  • French and Britain forces stopped a German advance near Paris, and both sides holed up in trenches
  • led to a stalemate that lasted for much of the remainder of the war
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29
Q

What was the area between the enemies trenches called?

A

no man’s land

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30
Q

What was the Western Front?

A
  • area in France, Belgium, and Luxembourg
    • symbolized by trench warfare, tanks, poison gas, airplanes, etc.
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31
Q

What were President Wilson’s initial thoughts about the war?

A

he declared that the United States would remain neutral
- Wilson’s cabinet and many business owners supported the Allies because of ties to Great Britain and France

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32
Q

What event caused the U.S. public to turn against Germany?

A

on May 7, 1915, a u-boat sunk a British liner Lusitania and 128 Americans were among the dead

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33
Q

What events motivated the United States to join the war?

A
  1. unrestricted submarine warfare
  2. Zimmerman telegram
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34
Q

What slogan helped Wilson get re-elected?

A

“he kept us out of war”

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35
Q

What was the Zimmerman Telegram?

A

secret offer to Mexico
- alliance of Germany, Mexico against U.S.
- Mexico will get territory in Southwest (TX, NM, AZ)

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36
Q

When does Germany resume unrestricted submarine warfare?

A

February 1917
- sinks 6 more ships

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37
Q

What did the United States need entering WWI?

A
  • money
  • soldiers/men
  • materials/supplies
  • food
  • transportation
  • fuel
  • help at home –> homefront
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38
Q

What did businesses switch to and from?

A

consumer goods to war goods

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39
Q

Who overlooked the War Industry Board?

A

Bernard Baruch

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40
Q

Who was the Food Administration led by?

A

Herbert Hoover

41
Q

What were Victory Gardens?

A

an encouragement by the government for people to grow their own food to increase food production and decrease food consumption

42
Q

When does the United States enter the war?

A

1917

43
Q

What causes Russia to drop out of the war and when?

A

Russia has two revolutions in 1917; the seconds one causes them to drop out of the war

44
Q

Who takes over Russia after they drop out of the war?

A

Vladimir Lenin and the Communists

45
Q

What do Russia do with Germany?

A

signed a ‘separate peace’

46
Q

What do Russia do with Germany?

A

signed a ‘separate peace’

47
Q

Who ordered to keep the United States soldiers independent in the war?

A

General John Pershing

48
Q

Who quits and abdicates after the war?

A

Kaiser Wilhelm

49
Q

When does WWI end?

A

November 11, 1918 @11am

50
Q

What was the day called that the war ended?

A

Armistice Day

51
Q

What countries made up the Big 4?

A

Italy, Great Britain, France, United States

52
Q

Who was invited to the peace treaty meeting?

A

the big 4

53
Q

What was the goal of the peace treaty meeting?

A

peace, land, money, United Nations, independence

54
Q

Who was Georges Clemenceau?

A

prime minister of France
- the tiger

55
Q

Who was David Lloyd George?

A

prime minister of Great Britain

56
Q

Who was Vittorio Orlando?

A

Italian prime minister

57
Q

Who was Woodrow Wilson?

A

president of the United States

58
Q

What does the United States use to transport goods across the Atlantic?

A

convoys
- unarmed ships surrounded by navy boats
- merchant losses decreased by 50%

59
Q

What were the US soldiers called who replaced tired British soldiers?

A

‘dough boys’

60
Q

What did General John Pershing want for his troops?

A

to stay under his command and not follow the other Allies even though they were fighting with them

61
Q

What did the French and American troops start to do?

A
  • they pushed back German troops along the Western Front
  • German troops retreated after the Battle of Argonne Forest
62
Q

What was signed to stop the war?

A

an armistice, an agreement, was signed to stop the fighting on November 11, 1918

63
Q

What did the British want to do with Germany after the war?

A

punish the Germans

64
Q

What did the French want to do with Germany after the war?

A

permanently end the threat of German invasion

65
Q

What did Wilson create to make a lasting peace in Europe?

A

the Fourteen Points

66
Q

What did Wilson’s Fourteen Points include?

A

disarmament, Freedom of the Seas, self-determination, creation of a “general assembly of nations” to establish collective security

67
Q

How did France and England feel about the Fourteen Points?

A

they felt it was too lenient, or merciful, towards Germany

68
Q

What was done to discuss the idea of the Fourteen Points?

A

versailles was attended by 27 countries, but the big 4 dominated the conference
- defeated nations and Russia were not invited

69
Q

What created the terms of which Germany was punished?

A

the Treaty of Versailles

70
Q

According to the Treaty of Versailles, how was Germany going to be punished.

A
  • reduced military and outlawed conscription (draft)
  • could not manufacture weapons
  • took away territory
  • allied troops were also to occupy Rhineland for 15 years
  • Germany forced to pay $33 billion in reparations
  • also forced “war guilt clause” for starting the war
71
Q

How did Wilson feel about the Treaty of Versailles?

A

disappointed but believed creation of the League of Nations would be worth it

72
Q

What political mistake did Wilson make when going to Versailles?

A

he did not invite any Republicans to go with him

73
Q

Who were the “irreconcilables”?

A

senators who objected to League of Nations
- believed going an international body goes against US freedom

74
Q

Who were the “reservationists”?

A

people who supported the treaty if amendments were made to the League of Nations

75
Q

How did Wilson respond to the “irreconcilables” and the “reservationists”?

A
  • refused to allow any alterations to the treaty
  • traveled around the US to try and build support for the treaty
76
Q

What happened when Wilson tried to build support for the treaty?

A

had a stroke from the exhausting trip
- paralyzed, trouble talking

77
Q

What happened after Wilson had a stroke?

A
  • the Senate never notified the treaty and the US never joined the League of Nations
  • US singed a separate peace treaty with Germany after Wilson left office
78
Q

What empires were destroyed from the war?

A

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Russia

79
Q

What did the United States want after the war

A

stability and peace

80
Q

Why was Wilson not inviting any Republicans to Versailles a mistake?

A

he needed 2/3 of the Senate to pass the treaty, but did not discuss it with opposing voices

81
Q

Who was Henry Cabot Lodge?

A

US senator from Massachusetts
- Republican
- Head of Foreign Relations Committee
- did not get along with President Wilson
- opposed Treaty of Versailles, especially Article X, the creation of the League of Nations

82
Q

What were the three groups the Senate was divided into about the Treaty of Versailles?

A

“progressive internationalists” - supporters of the Treaty
“reservationists” - make changes to the Treaty
“irreconcilables” - reject the Treaty

83
Q

What were France’s arguments to punishing Germany?

A
  • invaded 2x in the last 40 years by Germany
  • French people taken in by Germany tin Alsace-Lorraine
  • had to give up territory when lost wars
84
Q

How did economy affect France’s arguments against Germany?

A

farmland ruined, cities and factories destroyed, Germany owes us amends, need to keep colonies, need oil

85
Q

How did security affect France’s arguments against Germany?

A

need a buffer zone, Germany needs to limit their military and arms

86
Q

How did the 14 points affect France’s arguments against Germany?

A

gave colonies too much hope, we need Indochina and others

87
Q

How was Britain affected by the war?

A

suffered terribly, over 1 million casualties

88
Q

How did the 14 points affect Britain’s arguments against Germany?

A

freedom of the seas is a bad idea, the only thing that saved us was our Navy, need the colonies that we have and deserve new ones too

89
Q

How did economy affect Britain’s arguments against Germany?

A

deserve money for disown and orphans in all corners of empire, also incurred large debts

90
Q

How did security affect Britain’s arguments against Germany?

A

don’t want to destroy Germany but don’t want France to become too powerful either, need Germany to rebuild and be strong financially to ward off threat of Russian communism

91
Q

How was Italy involved in the war?

A
  • joined ini 1915 when approached by the Allies
  • promised parts of Austria-Hungary
  • suffered over 1/2 million deaths
92
Q

How did history affect Italy’s arguments against Germany?

A

land that we were promised used to be ours (Austria-Hungary), many Italian speakers there

93
Q

How did economy affect Italy’s arguments against Germany?

A

devastated, hue war debts, high inflation; we deserve financial compensation

94
Q

How did the Italians feel after the war?

A
  • they were mad that they went to war, there can be no delay in getting what we were promised
  • f we had not joined, Allies would have been defeated early
95
Q

How did the 14 pints affect Italy’s arguments against Italy?

A
  • a Slovak homeland is a bad idea, we fought and died and deserve land
  • they cannot govern themselves, it’s chaos with too many ethnic groups
  • communists could take over if we don’t
96
Q

How did the United States feel about the treaty?

A
  • this is the most important treaty in history because of the horrible war
  • old ways of doing things died in the trenches
  • entered the war to make sure it was the last war ever fought
97
Q

How did economy affect the US’s arguments against Germany?

A
  • lost ships supporting Great Britain and France, loaned the money during the war and intend to keep doing it
  • new economy will be based on trade, must have peace so that we can trade
  • cannot force central powers to pay reparations, it will only cause bitterness
  • Germany must be allowed to rebuild
98
Q

How did the United States feel about self-rule?

A

boundaries should depend on self-determination of the majority

99
Q

What did the United States want for other countries?

A
  • need freedom of the seas
  • neutral countries should be allowed to remain neutral
  • we do not want any land or money, all we want is peace

History 10 (9 decks)

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