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History 10 > world war II > Flashcards

world war II Flashcards

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1
Q

What did the Treaty of Versailles do to Germany?

A
  • war guilt clause
  • military downfall
  • pay reparations ($33 billion)
  • took away territory
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2
Q

How did Germany feel about the Treaty of Versailles?

A

treaty created bitter fillings in Germany

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3
Q

Did the United States ever sign the Treaty of Versailles?

A

no

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4
Q

Who was Adolf Hitler?

A
  • WWI veteran
  • made soldiers believe they were betrayed by German government
  • felt Germany had been betrayed by Weimar government, Jews, and Communists
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5
Q

What got Hitler arrested?

A

“Beer Haul Putsch” in Munich in 1923

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6
Q

What does Hitler do while in prison?

A
  • writes Mein Kampf
  • translates to “my struggle”
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7
Q

What does Hitler write about in his book?

A
  • what he would do if he was in power
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8
Q

According to his book, what would Hitler do if he was in power?

A
  • rebuild military
  • need for “Lebensroum” or “living space”
  • take back territory
  • hatred for Jews and their culture
  • biological and racial anti-semitism
  • anti-communist
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9
Q

What happens to Hitler once he gets out of prison?

A
  • becomes leader of Nazi Party
  • gains a lot of influence
  • used popularity and book to seize power legally
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10
Q

What led to a dramatic increase in votes for Hitler and the Nazi Party?

A
  • depression, unemployment, and hard times in Germany
  • the more unemployment, the higher amount of votes for Hitler
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11
Q

What happens when the Nazis gain influence?

A
  • gains votes in Reichstag (Parliament, Congress)
  • Hitler named Chancellor in 1933
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12
Q

How does Hitler present his speeches?

A
  • speaks with passion and hatred
  • very popular
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13
Q

When did the Reichstag building catch on fire?

A

February 27, 1933

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14
Q

What happened after the Reichstag building caught on fire?

A
  • Reichstag voted for Hitler to have emergency power to deal with Communists
  • banned all political parties except Nazi
  • restricted freedom of speech, assembly, religion, and press
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15
Q

What happened when Hitler gained power as leader?

A
  • Germany economy improved
  • people were happy
  • no opposing political parties
  • began rebuilding German army
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16
Q

How did Italy feel after WWI?

A
  • not satisfied
  • didn’t gain as much territory as they had been promised
  • huge war debts
  • high unemployment
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17
Q

Who started to gain power in Italy?

A

Benito Mussolini

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18
Q

How did Mussolini gain support?

A

violence and intimidation

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19
Q

What did Mussolini do after becoming Prime Minister?

A
  • suspended elections
  • outlawed other political parties
  • established dictatorship
  • nicknamed himself “IL Duce” (the leader)
  • convinced Italians they needed to return to glory of Roman Empire
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20
Q

Who was the communist leader in the Soviet Union?

A

Joseph Stalin

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21
Q

What happened when Stalin took over farmland?

A
  • dramatic fall in agricultural production
  • mass starvation
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22
Q

What did Stalin use money on?

A
  • money and labor in industrialization
  • not in necessities like housing and clothing
  • low standard of living
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23
Q

What did Stalin do to eliminate opposition?

A
  • series of purges
  • removal of enemies from positions of power
  • all levels of society hurt
  • millions executed or sent to forced labor camps (gulag)
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24
Q

What did Hitler start doing by defying the Treaty of Versailles?

A
  • actions that would expand army and gain more territory
  • remilitarized Rhineland
  • created Rome-Berlin Axis with Mussolini
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25
Q

What did Hitler’s army invade that European leaders appeased?

A

invaded Austria and threatened to invade Czechosloviakia

26
Q

Who was Neville Chamberlain and what did he say about Hitler’s actions?

A
  • British Prime Minister
  • “peace in our time”
27
Q

What is an appeasement?

A

granting concessions to maintain peace

28
Q

When was World War II declared?

A
  • Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939
  • Britain and France declared War
29
Q

What was Blitzkrieg?

A
  • lightning war
  • massive coordinated attack using planes, tanks, infantry, etc. in Poland
30
Q

What was the Nazi-Soviet Pact?

A
  • signed by Hitler and Stalin
  • divided Poland
  • nations agreed to not attack each other
31
Q

What is another name for the Nazi-Soviet Pact?

A

Non-Agression Agreement

32
Q

What was the “Phony War”?

A

after Poland fell, the war entered a quiet period

33
Q

What was the quiet period after Poland fell called?

A

press called lack of combat a “Sitzkrieg”

34
Q

What was the Maginot Line?

A
  • massive string of fortifications built by France
  • along borders with Germany
35
Q

When did Germany start attacking nations and what nations were they?

A
  • April and May 1940
  • conquered Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg
  • went around Maginot Line and attacked France
36
Q

What was the Battle of Dunkirk?

A
  • France and British soldiers retreated to French coastal city of Dunkirk when Germany advanced on France
  • hundreds of thousands of soldiers ferried to Great Britain
37
Q

What was the Battle of Britain?

A
  • German Lutfwaffe bombs Britain nightly
  • new Prime Minister Winston Churchill inspires courageous defense
38
Q

What is communism?

A
  • classless society
  • no religion
  • no private property
  • single party system
  • looking for support from factory workers and agriculture
  • in theory, looking for international change
39
Q

What is fascism?

A
  • defined social classes
  • supported by big businesses and wealthy landowners
  • promised a strong government
  • glory of the state is the most important thing
  • extreme nationalism
  • aggressive foreign expansion
40
Q

What are the similarities between communism and fascism?

A
  • communism resulted in social classes as government workers giver preference
  • both became totalitarian (powerful Lears, oppressive government, few rights for citizens)
  • drew power from blind devotion to the state or party
  • leader became the embodiment (symbol) of the state
  • used terror to guard their power
41
Q

Why did many Americans support isolationism?

A

because of the war and other foreign affairs happening

42
Q

Why did President Roosevelt support internationalism?

A

he felt trade promoted prosperity and helped prevent wars

43
Q

How did President Roosevelt assist Britain while maintaining US neutrality?

A
  • Roosevelt convinced Congress to pass “Cash and Carry” legislation
  • allowed US to sell goods to warring nations if they paid cash and picked the materials up themselves
  • Britain can no longer pay cash for supplies
  • FDR makes “Lend-Lease Act”
44
Q

How did the US try to slow Japan’s advances in the Pacific?

A

they stopped trading with Japan

45
Q

What did foreign affairs cause the United States to feel?

A

increased feeling of isolationism

46
Q

What was the Neutrality Act of 1937?

A

banned the selling of arms to warring nations

47
Q

What was the Lend-Lease Act?

A

allowed the US to lend arms to use in exchange for use of British bases in the Atlantic

48
Q

How does helping Britain get oppressed?

A
  • “America First Committee” opposes assisting Britain
  • Charles Lindbergh becomes powerful spokesman for the group
49
Q

Who was Charles Lindbergh?

A
  • first man to fly across the Atlantic Ocean
  • one of the leaders of the America First Committee
  • believed America should follow isolationism
50
Q

What happened in 1931?

A

Japanese military invades Manchuria (in China) without permission of government

51
Q

What happened in 1937?

A
  • Japan invades mainland and rest of China
  • “Rape of Nanking”
52
Q

What happened in 1940?

A
  • Japan invades IndoChina (now Vietnam)
  • announce the “Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere”
53
Q

What happened in July 1940?

A
  • Roosevelt limits what Japan could buy from US
  • enter negotiations
  • US wants Japan out of China nd IndoChina
  • Japan wants US to restore trade
54
Q

What did Roosevelt limit Japan from buying?

A

oil, metal, freezes assets to US

55
Q

When was the attack on Pearl Harbor?

A

December 7, 1941

56
Q

What were the losses from Pearl Harbor?

A
  • 2,403 Americans killed
  • 1,178 Americans wounded
  • over 300 aircraft destroyed or damaged
  • 21 ships destroyed or damaged
57
Q

What happened after Pearl Harbor?

A

Congress agreed to approve FDR’s declaration of war against Japan

58
Q

What happened after the US declared war on Japan?

A

Germany and Italy declared war on US

59
Q

What happened after Mussolini became Prime Minister?

A
  • economy and military improved
  • conquered Ethiopia in May 1936
60
Q

When was the Battle of Britain?

A

August ‘40 - June ‘41

History 10 (9 decks)

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