World War I Flashcards
effectively established the prohibition of alcoholic beverages in the United States by declaring the production, transport and sale of alcohol illegal
18th Amendment
powers of France, Britain, and Russia
Allied Power
this is how the US entered the war instead of formally part of the powers
Associated powers
One of the objectives of the Treaty of Versailles, the main post-WWI treaty, was to abolish the dominance of concept and replace it with the League of Nations
Balance of Power
many wanted to lay claim to the Balkan territory
Balkan Powder Keg
large German artillery gun
Big Bertha
Wilson (US), Orlando (Italy), Lloyd George (Britain), and Clemenceau (France)
Big Four
headed by George Cree; Americas Propaganda Minister; promoted Antigermanism; have many 4-Minute Men who would give 4 minute speeches at a drop of a hat; it became dangerous to play German music, German is outlawed as foreign language in school, sour krout is renamed liberty cabbage
Committee on Public Information
loading war supplies onto passenger ships to get supplies in without ships being sunk; done by Europe to avoid Germans sinking their supplies
Convoy system
part of the Council of Four for Britain
David Lloyd George
when fighter planes got into air battles with one another
Dogfights
nickname for US soldiers (long)
Doughboys
Wilson runs for Democratic candidate and wins; ‘Wilson has kept us out of the war’; Charles Evans Hughs Republican candidate takes Roosevelt stand, wanting to go to war; he reunites Republican Party
Election of 1916
1917; forbade actions that obstructed recruitment or efforts to support insubordination in the military; required Post Master to remove Leftist material from the mail
Espionage Act
one of the founding members of the Industrial Workers of the World; several times the candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States
Eugene Debs
September 7, 1914; 5 days; Germany is pushed back; 250,000 lives lost
First Battle of the Marne
made by Woodrow Wilson; included no more secret agreements, an end to all economic barriers between countries, free navigation to all seas, all Italians should be able to live in Italy, etc; the MOST important point is a League of Nations should be set up to guarantee the political and territorial independence of all states
Fourteen Points
Archduke of Austria and heir to the Austrian Throne was assassinated by Black Hand member Gavrilo along with his wife
Franz Ferdinand
also known as Black Jack Pershing; he usually was over African American units
John J. Pershing
headed Committee for Public Information; Americas Propaganda Minister; promoted Antigermanism
George Creel
part of the Council of Four for France
Georges Clemenceau
chair of Senate Foreign Relations Committee; republican
Henry Cabot Lodge
ran Food Administration
Herbert Hoover
global disease that killed over 700,000 Americas; also known as Spanish Flu because the King of Spain got sick
Influenza
is an international industrial union that was formed in 1905; one of the founding members is Eugene Debs
International Workers of the World
US Senators who opposed the treaty and wanted the US to remain isolated
Irreconcilables
ruler of Russia who was overthrown, causing Russia to pull out of WWI
Kaiser Wilhelm II
was an intergovernmental organization founded as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War; was the first international organization whose principal mission was to maintain world peace
League of Nations
five drives raises 21billion dollars; they have celebrity spokespeople (Mary Pickford, Charlie Chaplin, etc,)
Liberty Bonds
English passenger ship sunk by German U-Boats
Listuania
one of the new weapons in WWI; not always very effective; hardly ever lethal, but can cause mutilations
Poison Gas
starts August 2nd; once in motion, extremely difficult to stop; to catch France off guard, swing through Paris and attack Paris from behind; Belgium must give Germany free passage, but Belgium refuses; August 3 Germany declares war on France and August 4 invaded Belgium; Britain declared war on Germany
Schlieffen Plan
1918 said it was a crime to speak against purchase of war bonds, the government, constitution, army, or war time production
Sedition Act
requires all young men between 21 and 30 apply for the draft
Selective Service Act
Eugene Debs ran for office in this party; Schenck vs. US 1919, Schenck is a socialist
Socialist Party
strongly supported the Allies and demanded a harsher policy against Germany, especially regarding submarine warfare. Roosevelt angrily denounced the foreign policy of President Wilson, calling it a failure regarding the atrocities in Belgium and the violations of American rights
Theodore Roosevelt
a belligerent engages in the complete mobilization of all available resources and population
Total war
meeting in Hall of Mirrors 1919; treaty is signed; only four of Wilson’s fourteen points get it; Germany loses its military and its colonies, and has to make HUGE reparations to allies; France receives Alsace-Lorraine; Rhineland is demilitarized; most of East Germany becomes Poland
Treaty of Versailles
causes major stalemate
Trench warfare
France, Great Britain, Russian
Triple Entente
May 1, 1915 German Embassy placed ad in American Newspapers saying to stay off French and British ships, especially the Lusitania; Lusitania sunk in May 7; Series of strongly worded notes saying that Germany must stop the submarine warfare; in August 1915, another passenger ship is sunk; US is sending stronger notes; Germany says no more boat sinking; a year later they sink another ship; Germany warned that if they don’t stop, America will break all ties with Germans
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
part of the Council of Four for Italy
Vittorio Orlando
communist leader who pulled Russia from war after taking over
Vladimir Lenin
led by Bernard Baruch contracts for military supplies; make sure money isn’t wasted
War Industries Board
election of 1916; he runs for Democratic candidate and wins; ‘(he) has kept us out of the war’; tries to get Allies to accept peace without victory; Says we will only negotiate peace without victory; part of the Council of Four for US; very popular in Europe; created the fourteen points
Woodrow Wilson
a secret German note that urged Mexico to join the Central Powers if America entered the war; intercepted by Britain and sent to America; between Mexico and Germany saying that if US should enter war, Mexico should make war on US and they will gain three states; everywhere in the press
Zimmerman Note
