Politics of Gilded Ages Flashcards
American Federation of Labor; a federation of North American labor unions
AFL
mentally ill, drifter who assassinated President Garfield; ‘I am a Stalwart and Arthur is president’; thought he should be ambassador to Paris; in 1882 he is hung
Charles Guiteau
between William Jennings Bryan as democrat candidate and William McKinely as republican
Election of 1896
leader of American Railway Union; leads Pullman Strike; leader of the socialist party; runs for president several times
Eugene Debs
supports paper currency; nominate James Weaver in election of 1880
Greenbacks
the idea unlimited coinage of Silver
Free Silver
democratic candidate in election of 1884; no secrecy; his campaign is nearly derailed by Tammany Hall; accused of having an illegitimate child, which was true; ‘veto governor’ from ny; first democratic elected since 1856; laissez faire presidency
Grover Cleveland
republican party led by James Blaine;
Half-breeds
1886, many workers walked off job; on the fourth day and anarchist threw a bomb at police men which caused a riot as many did not see the strikers were not the cause, many die, and the Knights of Labor union’s reputation is ruined
Haymarket Square
1887; designed to regulate business; caused because of Walbash vs State of Illinois
Interstate Commerce Act
1887; designed to regulate business; caused because of Walbash vs State of Illinois
James Blaine
dark horse candidate chosen by halfbreeds; appoints Blaine to Secretary of State; is assassinated at Washington DC train station July 2, 1881, by Charles Guitaeu
James Garfield
starting in 1890, a “separate but equal” status for African Americans. The separation in practice led to conditions for African Americans that tended to be inferior to those provided for white Americans, systematizing a number of economic, educational and social disadvantages
Jim Crow Laws
the 20th Governor of Illinois and the first Democratic governor of that state since the 1850s; leading figure of the Progressive movement; improved workplace safety and child labor laws; pardoned three of the men convicted in the Haymarket Affair, and rejected calls in 1894 to break up the Pullman strike with force
John P. Atgeld
formed and is most important in 1870 and 80s; Uriah Stephens, a tailor, formed it at first as a tailors union; all allowed in except bankers, stockbroker, gambler, or manufacturer of alcohol;Terrence Powderly is known as Grand Master Workman and takes control in 1879; 1885 strike against Jay Gould Railroads; peak membership is 700,000; Haymarket Strike of 1886, many workers walked off job to Haymarket Square; on the fourth day and anarchist threw a bomb at police men which caused a riot as many did not see the strikers were not the cause, many die, and the unions reputation is ruined
Knights of Labor
came up with front porch campaign for William McKinley
Mark Hanna
pushed tariff rates to an all time high, especially that of sugar
McKinley Tariff of 1890
republicans who won’t renominate Arthur and reform to them; social Darwinists; want laissez faire government with no spoils system or interference of the government
Mugwumps
the feeling of opposition towards new immigrants
Nativism
1883; written by civil service reform league and reforms civil service; the Magna Carta of civil service; certifies 14,000 fed government jobs, by 1900 100,000 jobs had to be certified
Pedleton Act
if state provided separate accommodations for African Americans, as long it was as equal quality, was acceptable; ‘separate but equal’
Plessy vs. Ferguson
organizations within cities and states to control jobs and candidates; helped immigrants with housing and jobs
Political Machine
The Peoples Party; founded in 1892 by James Weaver and Tom Watson in St. Louis
Populist Party
1894: shuts down all national railroads for two weeks. Troops are sent in to force workers back
Pullman Strike
leader of AFL
Samuel Gompers
prevented monopoly’s such as Standard Oil Monopoly
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
one of the republican partys; Senator Roscoe Cockling from New York
Stalwarts
leader of the Knights of Labor; is known as Grand Master Workman and takes control in 1879
Terrance Powderly
called the great commoner embraces populists points even though he is democrat; made ‘Cross of Gold’ speech
William Jennings Bryan
opposition for democrats to go against Garfield in election of 1880
Winifred Scott Hancock
big part of Tammany Hall
Boss Tweed
embodiment of a candidate because he is conceived as weak so the party can control him; he is a compromised candidate as a split had emerged in Republican Party (Half breeds and Stalwarts); they decided on him because he leaned strongly on neither side; reputation of being honest government in Ohio; restores respectability to presidential office; he only served one term as president with no want to go for a reelection; his wife was ‘Lemonade Lucy’ as she refused alcohol in the White House, she was a member of Women’s Christian Temperance Union
Rutherford B. Hayes
Garfield appoints Blaine to Secretary of State; he is absolutely livid and resigns from the Senate; Thomas Plat ‘Me Too’ also resigned from the senate; end of his career
Roscoe Conkling
part of 1888 Presidential Election as a republican; is known as an iceberg and is grandson of previous president, Henry Harry Harrison; called Young Tip-a-Canoe; managers kept public away from him; main thing is tariff
Benjamin Harrison
Cleveland finds they are putting in fraudulent claims; encouraged veterans to put in pensions; Cleveland looks into the and vetoes many of them
Grand Army of the Republic
is leaded by Francis Willard; about 200,000 members working towards education and showing alcohol was a dangerous thing; Willard also supporter of sufferage and workers rights; she got it to 70 countries around the world
Women’s Christian Temperance Movement
leaded WTCU; also supporter of sufferage and workers rights; she got it to 70 countries around the world
Frances Willard
US treasury will no longer mint silver coins, also called crime of ‘73
Coinage Act of 1873
says to buy 4.5 silver ounces each month and distribute treasury notes for people to claim it; that’s as much coming out of Nevada silver mine every month
Sherman Silver Purchase Act
has been part of politics since Jefferson, though Jackson; negatives were incompetent people were getting jobs, and they had to use part of their pay for the election
Spoils System
ordered to resign from head of customs; had been appointed by Grant in 1871; one of Conkling top guys; leads the NY Republican Machine; he refuses to resign
Chester A. Arthur
1878; vetoed but overturned, it required treasury to but 2 to 4 million worth of silver to coin, but say nothing about distributing it so every year they bought the minimum and stored it away for 12 years
Bland-Allison Act
say state cannot regulate railroad traffic if it crosses state lines and that Illinois regulation is unconstitutional; states cannot regulate interstate railroad travel; creates interstate commerce commission to control and regulate interstate traffic
- Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railroad vs. Illinois-
Jacob Coxey and his “Army of the Commonweal of Christ”; March on Washington
Coxey’s Army
made by William Jennings Bryan
Cross of Gold
