The Great Depression Flashcards
democratic contender in the election of 1932; part of the American Liberty League
Al Smith
republican candidate for 1936 election
Alf Landon
thought FDR needed to back down; included many wealthy business leaders and Al Smith
American Liberty League
sold apples on corners to make money for families
Apple Sellers
FDR’s first act as president; closed all financial institutions
Bank holiday
October 24, 1929, people start dumping stocks, bull market to bear market, midday JP Morgan group temporarily stop stock crash, by evening things seem to stabilize
Black Thursday
sell orders snowball in beginning of Great Depression
Black Tuesday
nickname given to WWI veterans who marched on Washington
Bonus Army
using credit or loans to buy stock
Buying on the margin
part of new deal; run by Henry Hopkins
Civil Works Administration
did conservation projects such as planting trees
Civilian Conservation Corps
for unskilled workers; launch new type of strike; auto workers did sit down strike at General Motors Plant, staying 24hrs a day so they could not be replaced, supporters brought food and drink and took care of their families
Congress of Industrial Organizations
part of the New Deal; FDR’s way of adding more justices to the supreme court
Court Packing
photographed things in and around the dust bowl
Dorithea Lange
began 1931; on the Great Plains; because of sodbusters, wind got top soil; Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas were worst; some dust storms went all the way to the Atlantic Oceans; the Oakies were people who went along Route 66 to California to escape the dust bowl
Dust Bowl
is a distant cousin who he married in law school, she is his eyes and ears, wrote News Paper Column called ‘My Day’; Brain Trust was a group of Roosevelt’s intelligent people
Eleanore Roosevelt
banks and make them sound; took US off gold standard
Emergency Banking Service
1938; sets minimum wage, maximum hours, and overtime pay
Fair Labor Standards Act
1935; part of new deal; designed to combat rural poverty
Farm Security Administration
has his own national radio shows; critical of financial and bank leaders; also attacks Jewish bankers and such; eventually Catholic Church has to yank his show
Father Charles Coughlin
government provides insurance of money up to $5000; made by Glass-Steagel Act
FDIC
had an appealing personality; almost no Americans knew of his disability; used radio a lot, called Fire Side Chats
FDR
radio talks given by Roosevelt to the people of the US; referred to as fireside due to the fact it made it seem like he was with the people
Fireside Chats
many caused by stock market crash and unemployment
Foreclosures
first woman appointed to the US Cabinet
Francis Perkins
thought FDR wasn’t doing enough for elder people; had idea for pension for those over sixty; did work out
Francis Townsend
workers held the first sit down strike, where the workers sat down in their job spots so they couldn’t be replaced
General Motors
makes FDIC, government provides insurance of money up to $5000; Three R’s Relief, Recovery, Reform
Glass-Steagal Act
many volunteer relief programs were set up during the Depression; only source of help for many people
Going on relief
rose 30%, triggering sense of optimism and reckless financial decisions
Gross National Product
ran as republican in 1928; wants businesses to form voluntary associations to make the economy efficient; has business leaders make pledges for wages and employment, which they break; wants local states and city to start public work project (Hoover Dam); Emergency Committee for employment set up in 1930; 1931 got banks to set up National Credit Corporation to help smaller banks; none of these things work
Herbert Hoover
they travel and hop trains; bulls were hired to chase them off
Hoboes
temporary homes set up on outskirts of towns and parks; shacks made up of whatever material they can find
Hoovervilles
known a Kingfish; put up Share Our Wealth Society; his goal was to get every family $5000 for a home and $2500 a year; did this with extremely heavy tax on the wealthy
Huey P. Long
member of FDR’s Braintrust; helped plan the New Deal
Hugh Johnson
issues executive order for Bank Holiday; congress is called and forms the Emergency Banking Act to inspect banks and make them sound; took US off gold standard; Glass-Steagel Act makes FDIC, government provides insurance of money up to $5000; Three R’s Relief, Recovery, Reform; Agricultural Adjustment Act paid farmers not to farm and all surplus grain destroyed, prices raise up 50%; National Recovery Act (NRA) wanted business leaders to sign waivers of fair competition along with minimum wage, eventually ruled unconstitutional; Public Works Admin. ran by secretary of interior Harold Ickes to build public stuff but not affective due to Ickes caution
Hundred Days
Wheeler Howard Act; due to Americans, Indians are some of the poorest and weakest people; American Indian Defence Agency formed by John Collier which makes Indian land unable to sell and gives Indians limited rule over themselves
Indian Reorganization Act
founded a school for the blacks that eventually became Bethune-Cookman University
Mary McCleod Bethune
wanted business leaders to sign waivers of fair competition along with minimum wage, eventually ruled unconstitutional
National Industrial Recovery Act
allows labor unions and insures people who wish to join a union can
National Labor Relations Act
created by FDR; works Progress Administration was most important group
New Deal
congress gave them 2 billion to give to major corporations; put 1.2 billion back into the economy; another 2 billion to help cities and states towards public work programs
Reconstruction Finance Corporation
1937-Roosevelt cut government spending , causing Federal Reserve Board to tighten credit; Unemployment skyrockets
Roosevelt Recession
raised government oversight of banking; started more relief programs such as WPA
Second New Deal
holds primary responsibility for enforcing federal securities laws and regulating stock exchanges
Securities and Exchange Comission
first one at General Motors Plant, staying 24hrs a day so they could not be replaced, supporters brought food and drink and took care of their families; Michigan government was asked to intervene but would not, they shut off electricity and water, police intervene but are forced to leave when there’s a riot
Sit-down Strike
1930: imposed high taxes on imports; hoped American would buy only American based products; economics got worse as Britain retaliated by raising their tariffs as well; shuts down all global trade
Smoot-Hawley Tariff
1935; give pensions to those over 60; unemployment insurance and orphaned children social security; farmers, maids, teachers, nurses, social workers, librarians, and rail road workers were not covered
Social Security Act
1933: literally transformed the South; program to develop resources of Tennessee River Valley; controversial because it puts Federal government against private businesses; brought electricity
Tennessee Valley Authority
was most important group of the new deal; build a lot of hospitals, schools, and playground; gave money for theaters, art, oral history, writing projects; National Youth Administration gave millions to high school and college students
Works Project Administration
