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Dual US History > The Great Depression > Flashcards

The Great Depression Flashcards

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1
Q

democratic contender in the election of 1932; part of the American Liberty League

A

Al Smith

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2
Q

republican candidate for 1936 election

A

Alf Landon

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3
Q

thought FDR needed to back down; included many wealthy business leaders and Al Smith

A

American Liberty League

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4
Q

sold apples on corners to make money for families

A

Apple Sellers

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5
Q

FDR’s first act as president; closed all financial institutions

A

Bank holiday

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6
Q

October 24, 1929, people start dumping stocks, bull market to bear market, midday JP Morgan group temporarily stop stock crash, by evening things seem to stabilize

A

Black Thursday

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7
Q

sell orders snowball in beginning of Great Depression

A

Black Tuesday

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8
Q

nickname given to WWI veterans who marched on Washington

A

Bonus Army

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9
Q

using credit or loans to buy stock

A

Buying on the margin

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10
Q

part of new deal; run by Henry Hopkins

A

Civil Works Administration

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11
Q

did conservation projects such as planting trees

A

Civilian Conservation Corps

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12
Q

for unskilled workers; launch new type of strike; auto workers did sit down strike at General Motors Plant, staying 24hrs a day so they could not be replaced, supporters brought food and drink and took care of their families

A

Congress of Industrial Organizations

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13
Q

part of the New Deal; FDR’s way of adding more justices to the supreme court

A

Court Packing

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14
Q

photographed things in and around the dust bowl

A

Dorithea Lange

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15
Q

began 1931; on the Great Plains; because of sodbusters, wind got top soil; Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas were worst; some dust storms went all the way to the Atlantic Oceans; the Oakies were people who went along Route 66 to California to escape the dust bowl

A

Dust Bowl

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16
Q

is a distant cousin who he married in law school, she is his eyes and ears, wrote News Paper Column called ‘My Day’; Brain Trust was a group of Roosevelt’s intelligent people

A

Eleanore Roosevelt

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17
Q

banks and make them sound; took US off gold standard

A

Emergency Banking Service

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18
Q

1938; sets minimum wage, maximum hours, and overtime pay

A

Fair Labor Standards Act

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19
Q

1935; part of new deal; designed to combat rural poverty

A

Farm Security Administration

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20
Q

has his own national radio shows; critical of financial and bank leaders; also attacks Jewish bankers and such; eventually Catholic Church has to yank his show

A

Father Charles Coughlin

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21
Q

government provides insurance of money up to $5000; made by Glass-Steagel Act

A

FDIC

22
Q

had an appealing personality; almost no Americans knew of his disability; used radio a lot, called Fire Side Chats

A

FDR

23
Q

radio talks given by Roosevelt to the people of the US; referred to as fireside due to the fact it made it seem like he was with the people

A

Fireside Chats

24
Q

many caused by stock market crash and unemployment

A

Foreclosures

25
Q

first woman appointed to the US Cabinet

A

Francis Perkins

26
Q

thought FDR wasn’t doing enough for elder people; had idea for pension for those over sixty; did work out

A

Francis Townsend

27
Q

workers held the first sit down strike, where the workers sat down in their job spots so they couldn’t be replaced

A

General Motors

28
Q

makes FDIC, government provides insurance of money up to $5000; Three R’s Relief, Recovery, Reform

A

Glass-Steagal Act

29
Q

many volunteer relief programs were set up during the Depression; only source of help for many people

A

Going on relief

30
Q

rose 30%, triggering sense of optimism and reckless financial decisions

A

Gross National Product

31
Q

ran as republican in 1928; wants businesses to form voluntary associations to make the economy efficient; has business leaders make pledges for wages and employment, which they break; wants local states and city to start public work project (Hoover Dam); Emergency Committee for employment set up in 1930; 1931 got banks to set up National Credit Corporation to help smaller banks; none of these things work

A

Herbert Hoover

32
Q

they travel and hop trains; bulls were hired to chase them off

A

Hoboes

33
Q

temporary homes set up on outskirts of towns and parks; shacks made up of whatever material they can find

A

Hoovervilles

34
Q

known a Kingfish; put up Share Our Wealth Society; his goal was to get every family $5000 for a home and $2500 a year; did this with extremely heavy tax on the wealthy

A

Huey P. Long

35
Q

member of FDR’s Braintrust; helped plan the New Deal

A

Hugh Johnson

36
Q

issues executive order for Bank Holiday; congress is called and forms the Emergency Banking Act to inspect banks and make them sound; took US off gold standard; Glass-Steagel Act makes FDIC, government provides insurance of money up to $5000; Three R’s Relief, Recovery, Reform; Agricultural Adjustment Act paid farmers not to farm and all surplus grain destroyed, prices raise up 50%; National Recovery Act (NRA) wanted business leaders to sign waivers of fair competition along with minimum wage, eventually ruled unconstitutional; Public Works Admin. ran by secretary of interior Harold Ickes to build public stuff but not affective due to Ickes caution

A

Hundred Days

37
Q

Wheeler Howard Act; due to Americans, Indians are some of the poorest and weakest people; American Indian Defence Agency formed by John Collier which makes Indian land unable to sell and gives Indians limited rule over themselves

A

Indian Reorganization Act

38
Q

founded a school for the blacks that eventually became Bethune-Cookman University

A

Mary McCleod Bethune

39
Q

wanted business leaders to sign waivers of fair competition along with minimum wage, eventually ruled unconstitutional

A

National Industrial Recovery Act

40
Q

allows labor unions and insures people who wish to join a union can

A

National Labor Relations Act

41
Q

created by FDR; works Progress Administration was most important group

A

New Deal

42
Q

congress gave them 2 billion to give to major corporations; put 1.2 billion back into the economy; another 2 billion to help cities and states towards public work programs

A

Reconstruction Finance Corporation

43
Q

1937-Roosevelt cut government spending , causing Federal Reserve Board to tighten credit; Unemployment skyrockets

A

Roosevelt Recession

44
Q

raised government oversight of banking; started more relief programs such as WPA

A

Second New Deal

45
Q

holds primary responsibility for enforcing federal securities laws and regulating stock exchanges

A

Securities and Exchange Comission

46
Q

first one at General Motors Plant, staying 24hrs a day so they could not be replaced, supporters brought food and drink and took care of their families; Michigan government was asked to intervene but would not, they shut off electricity and water, police intervene but are forced to leave when there’s a riot

A

Sit-down Strike

47
Q

1930: imposed high taxes on imports; hoped American would buy only American based products; economics got worse as Britain retaliated by raising their tariffs as well; shuts down all global trade

A

Smoot-Hawley Tariff

48
Q

1935; give pensions to those over 60; unemployment insurance and orphaned children social security; farmers, maids, teachers, nurses, social workers, librarians, and rail road workers were not covered

A

Social Security Act

49
Q

1933: literally transformed the South; program to develop resources of Tennessee River Valley; controversial because it puts Federal government against private businesses; brought electricity

A

Tennessee Valley Authority

50
Q

was most important group of the new deal; build a lot of hospitals, schools, and playground; gave money for theaters, art, oral history, writing projects; National Youth Administration gave millions to high school and college students

A

Works Project Administration

Dual US History (9 decks)

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