The Frontier West Flashcards
announced the frontier had ended based; said all vacant land in the west had gone
1890 Census
made too much wheat and such therefore causing an over supply
Agricultural Depression late 1800s
made Indians more like white people
Americanization
invented by Joseph Glidden to keep cattle and cowboys out; later cowboys used it to keep cattle together
Barbed Wire
-referred to as Custer’s Last Stand; Custer divides his troops and attacks too soon so all the soldiers are wiped out, US Army defeated; Sitting Bull is on the run for the next 5 years until forced to surrender
Battle of the Little Bighorn
cowboy was the biggest boost in this industry
Beef/Cattle Industry of late 1800s
plains Indian group; changed entire life to meet westward expansion; start selling buffalo to the settlers; it promotes polygamy
Blackfeet
Cheyenne Chief who leads his people back to the reservation at sand creek, after granted amnesty
Black Kettle
were farms that drives to get most wheat; run like factories; investors hired workers, manager, supplies, etc; go bankrupt in great wheat depression; drive down cost of wheat
Bonanza Farms
raided by Sioux and Cheyenne; wagon trail attacked and 18 soldiers killed; Chief Red Cloud signed second treaty of fort Letterman to close Bozeman trail
Bozeman Trail
killed for hides by Indians; near extinction
Buffalo
leader of Nez Perce Indians; ‘I will fight no more forever’
Chief Joseph
is the most famous cattle trail
Chisholm Trail
a lode of silver ore located under the eastern slope of Mount Davidson, a peak in the Virginia Range in Nevada
Comstock Lode
had hard work but little pay; westward movement of railroad was the biggest boost to cattle industry
Cowboy
divides his troops and attacks too soon so all the soldiers are wiped out in the Indians War
Custer
1887; became policy towards native Americans; break up reservation so Indians become individual property owners; each head of household received 160 acres to farm or 320 acres of grazing; a single person over 18 got 80 acres; each additional child received 40 acres; additional land sold to white settlers; took Indian children away from their family and were put in boarding school; they were punished if they did anything tribal
Dawes Severalty Act
colored former slaves that leave south to avoid segregation laws and the KKK; they went to Kansas, many sneaking in the night to leave
Exodusters
announced the frontier had ended based on 1890 census that said all vacant land in the west had gone; wrote The Frontier Thesis; frontier is what made us Americans, it shaped character and government, over the course of history it is a struggle to tackle the wilderness and creates rugged individualism
Frederick Jackson Turner
started as a religious ceremony by Paiute tribe shaman Tavibo; one who buys into this is Wovoka; tried to contact ancestors to get answers and wisdom to try to defeat white men; Wovoka died and came back to life 1887 and 1889 sometime; made a prophecy that this dance would return their land
Ghost Dance
the patrons of husbandry; founded by Oliver H. Kelley; offer self improvement through education, support, fellowship, and consumer cooperation; reached one million people
Grange
Great Plains region
Great American Desert
cut into hard rock to get ore
Hard rock mining
wrote A Century of Dishonor which chronicles US relationship with Native Americans; doesn’t affect much
Helen Hunt Jackson
passed by republicans because democrats were not there to deny it; passed in civil war but pretty much ignored; promotes frontier settlement; 160 acres to any individual that improved the land for 5 years; paid $10 registration fee
Homestead Act of 1862
used high pressure water to find minerals under dirt and soft rock; not environmentally friendly
Hydraulic Mining
improved the farm plow designs
James Oliver
invents barbed wire to keep cattle and cowboys out
Joseph Glidden
had a long standing contract with Union; he sent them cattle; wanted stock yard in a central plain location; started first stock yard in Abilene
Joseph McCoy
land area set aside by the United States Government for the relocation of the Indians
Indian Territory
Custer’s last stand; Col. Custard is sent to South Dakota by Chivington to calm things down; supposed to buy the Black Hills, but Sioux’s price is too high; he tries to get them out by threatening them to get on reservation, but Sitting Bull resists; Custer takes troops to hunt down the tribe that is now in Little Big Horn, Custer divides his troops and attacks too soon so all the soldiers are wiped out, US Army defeated; Sitting Bull is on the run for the next 5 years until forced to surrender
Indian Wars
designed to regulate the railroad industry
Interstate Commerce Act
came to sand creek with troops, Black Kettleblack kettle offered sign of piece, but many Indians were killed and camp burned; it was investigated, but he was not condemnedpart of Sand Creek Massacre
John M. Chivington
in remote area of Canada; Klondike River was border between Alaska and Canada; many went to this area; it was dangerous and Canadian officials made sure you had a years supply of goods to keep deaths down
Klondike Gold Strike
gave money to states to provide colleges for agricultural and mechanical arts; ‘land grant college’; land could be built on or sold to do something promoting higher education
Morrill Act
named for pierced noses; Chief Joseph is leader and wants to remain in the Wallowa Valley but in 1887 government tries to get them to move; reluctantly agrees but makes speech of how it’s unfair; Gen. Howard says that they have 30 days to get to the reservation or they’ll take it as an act of war; Joseph asks for more time but is denied; try to escape to Canada and are chased by 2000 US troops over 3 months; they wind up in Bear Paw; Joseph has to surrender because over 200 had died; safe passage is arranged and they are moved to North Oklahoma where many die; Joseph eventually gets them relocated to Pacific North West; ‘I will fight no more forever’
Nez Perce
wanted graduated income tax, direct election of US senators, want more silver in circulation, lower tariff,want government to own outright all railroads and telegraphs, want new banking system, and want subtreasuries
Ocala Platform
settlers stare across to Indian territory to see 2million acres not assigned to any particular tribe on Indian territory; in 1889 the territory is open to white residents
Oklahoma Land Rush
founded the patrons of husbandry also known as the grange
Oliver H. Kelly
- promoted the construction of the transcontinental railroad in the United States; Minnesota and Washington deeded 1/4 land to the railroad
Pacific Railway Act 1872
Indians were pushed onto these pieces of land by the government
Reservations
takes place in Colorado territory; Cheyenne chief black kettle leads his people back to the reservation at sand creek, after granted amnesty; Colonel John M. Chivington came to sand creek with troops, Black Kettle offered sign of piece, but many Indians were killed and camp burned
Sand Creek Massacre
is the chief of the largest group of no treaty Sioux and is a shaman; Sitting Bull is on the run for the next 5 years after Indian Wars until forced to surrender; he later tours with Buffalo Bills Wild West show
Sitting Bull
stake out land they want because they snuck in sooner than they were supposed to
Sooners
were hybrid between Spanish cattle and English cattle; hearty animal that can live off grass
Texas Longhorn
1st is May 10, 1869; it’s the union of Union Pacific and Central Pacific
Transcontinental Railroad
try to keep peace in boom towns with rare trails
Vigilante Committee
very into the ghost dance; died and came back to life 1887 and 1889 sometime; made a prophecy that this dance would return their land
Wovoka
1890 many children, warriors and women were killed; considered the conflict between army and Indians; by 1890s Sioux and other reservation Indians were reduced to life of poverty, alcoholism, and depression
Wounded Knee Massacre
fought the railroad, they wanted state to set a price the railroad would have to pay for taking away grain; lots of lawsuits; not very effective
Granger Laws
Sitting Bull: Identification
is the chief of the largest group of no treaty Sioux and is a shaman; Sitting Bull is on the run for the next 5 years after Indian Wars until forced to surrender; he later tours with Buffalo Bills Wild West show
Joseph Glidden: Identification
invents barbed wire to keep cattle and cowboys out
Ghost Dance: Identification
started as a religious ceremony by Paiute tribe shaman Tavibo; one who buys into this is Wovoka; tried to contact ancestors to get answers and wisdom to try to defeat white men; Wovoka died and came back to life 1887 and 1889 sometime; made a prophecy that this dance would return their land
Dawes Severalty Act: Identification
policy towards native Americans; break up reservation so Indians become individual property owners; each head of household received 160 acres to farm or 320 acres of grazing; a single person over 18 got 80 acres; each additional child received 40 acres; additional land sold to white settlers; took Indian children away from their family and were put in boarding school; they were punished if they did anything tribal
Joseph McCoy: Identification
had a long standing contract with Union; he sent them cattle; wanted stock yard in a central plain location; started first stock yard in Abilene
1872 Railway Act: Identification
promoted the construction of the transcontinental railroad in the United States; Minnesota and Washington deeded 1/4 land to the railroad
Fredrick Jackson Turner: Identification
announced the frontier had ended based on 1890 census that said all vacant land in the west had gone; wrote The Frontier Thesis; frontier is what made us Americans, it shaped character and government, over the course of history it is a struggle to tackle the wilderness and creates rugged individualism
