US Foreign Policy at the Turn of the Century Flashcards
wrote The Influence of Sea Power Upon History primarily of the British Navy, all strong nations have powerful navy
Alfred Thayer Mahan
the league includes Grover Cleveland, Andrew Carnegie, and Samuel Gompers; they do not want to annex any more land, especially Philippines; Mark Twain; William Jennings Bryan; some are this way due to racial issues, while others fear it will take jobs from Americans
Anti-Imperialists
gains upper hand for US in the Philippines
Arthur MacArthur
letter is intercepted by journalists and published, huge insult to US
Depuy de Lome
William Howard Taft’s foreign policy helped by Taft; want to exchange money for bullets; big insult to Roosevelt
Dollar Diplomacy
leader of Pilipino rebellion; when Spanish war is over, he declares independence and is extremely betrayed when US annexes; he gathers his rebels and goes to military base on Manila
Emilo Aquinaldo
annexes Puerto Rico; they have no rights
Foraker Act
with Japan, agreement that Japanese will not allow any Japanese adult males to leave for US; in return California must stop discrimination
Gentleman’s Agreement
Roosevelt tells him to seize Manila Bay; quick battle
Roosevelt Dewey
consists of sixteen battleships which go on a global tour, checking on Japan; starts naval race between US and Japan
Great White Fleet
anti-imperialist
Grover Cleveland
about half way between US and Asia; some Americans had gone to Hawaii as missionaries; Americans think of Hawaii as part as America, even though it’s not; Reciprocity Treaty 1875 signed by US and Hawaii said there would be no taxation on Hawaiian sugar; King Kalakava was made to sign Bayonet Constitution in 1887, letting foreigners vote, Americans allowed to be in legislature, and allows a Naval base Pearl Harbor; McKinley Tariff passed to put huge tariff on Hawaiian sugar which devastates Hawaiian economy in 1890; Queen Liliuokalani 1891 starts movement Hawaii for Hawaiians to try limiting influence of Americans; American Planters form Annexation Club led by Sanford Dole plan to overthrow the queen; she is overthrown in a bloodless coup in 1893; John Stevens had sailors from US Braxton to surround palace to overthrow queen; Gover Cleveland doesn’t want to annex Hawaii; Cleveland sends James Blount into Hawaii to investigate who sends report back to say Hawaii doesn’t want to be annexed; new sugar treaty; annex Hawaii in 1898 due to war
Hawaii
gives US permanent 10 mile wide Canal Zone at the same money; Panamanian delegates so outraged they punched Bunau-Varilla
Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty
says US can make canal on their own as long as it’s open for use to all nations
Hay-Pauncefote Treaty
an unequal human and territorial relationship, usually in the form of an empire, based on ideas of superiority and practices of dominance, and involving the extension of authority and control of one state or people over another
Imperialism
Puerto Rico sues US; Supreme Court rules in favor of Puerto Rico; they do get US citizenship in 1917 and the right to vote for their own government
Insular Cases
wrote the Open Door notes, a series of letters to European asking them to open trade routes and not to play favorites with their own countries traders
John Hay
lead invasion of Mexico to find Pancho Villa; Black Jack Pershing
John J. Pershing
had sailors from US Braxton to surround palace to overthrow Hawiian queen
John L. Stevens
ran Cuban Revelutionary Party
Jose Martin
king of Hawaii; was made to sign Bayonet Constitution in 1887, letting foreigners vote, Americans allowed to be in legislature, and allows a Naval base Pearl Harbor
King Kalakava
exploded; Spain is accused; very short war, only three months; small army but awesome navy; USA wins
U.S.S. Maine
-
Market Expansion
by John Hay is a series of letters to European asking them to open trade routes and not to play favorites with their own countries traders
Open Door Notes
in 1901 Hay-Pauncefote Treaty says US can make canal on their own as long as it’s open for use to all nations; possible route through Nicaragua; company in panama building canal goes bankrupt; US buys it; negotiations with Columbia to build canal; Hay-Herran agreement gives six mile wide Canal Zone in exchange for 10,000,000 dollars and annual rent if 250,000 dollars; rejected, they want more; US support revolt in Panama against Columbia; Columbians couldn’t get in because US navy stepped in; Phillipe Bunau-Varilla is a French worker who declares he is the delegate; Treaty gives US permanent 10 mile wide Canal Zone at the same money; Panamanian delegates so outraged they punched Bunau-Varilla
Panama Canal
he starts raiding US border; he kills many Americans in the South West; US invades Mexico, led by John Pershing (Black Jack Pershing), to find him; he sneaks around and raids Texas; guard placed at border, he never found by Americans
Pancho Villa
US supports this in Panama against Columbia; Columbians couldn’t get in because US navy stepped in
Panamania Revolt
says Cuba cannot make treaty with foreign country w/o US approval and no borrowing more money than they can repay; gives US right to intervene and gives US naval base; Cubans didn’t like it, but were forced to accept it in 1901
Platt Amendment
dictator of Mexico; in 1911 he steps down for democratic and mystic, Madero, who has been pushing for reform
Porfiro Diaz
formally ended the Russo-Japanese War
Portsmouth, NH Conference
General Nelson Miles is sent to claim this; Foraker act annexes here; they have no rights
Puerto Rico
1891 starts movement Hawaii for Hawaiians to try limiting influence of Americans; American Planters form Annexation Club led by Sanford Dole plan to overthrow the queen; she is overthrown in a bloodless coup in 1893; John Stevens had sailors from US Braxton to surround palace to overthrow queen
Queen Liluokalani
Roosevelt added this to the Monroe Doctrine that says the US has right to intervene in domestic affairs of western nations to quell disorder and forestall European intervention
Roosevelt Corollary
allows Japan to enter into Manchuria
Root-Takahira Agreement
Roosevelt formed this volunteer military group
Rough Raiders
Japanese attack Russian ships in Port Arthur in China; war over Manchuria and Korea; Japan defeats Russia, which is major blow to European power
Russo-Japanese War
was a decisive battle of the Spanish–American War
San Juan Hill
is the application of Darwinism, the concept of survival of the fittest, to everyday social circumstances
Social Darwinism
‘splendid little war’; started with explosion of USS Maine; was a conflict in 1898 between Spain and the United States, the result of American intervention in the Cuban War of Independence
Spanish American War
says if Japan stays out of the Phillipines the US will not protest the domination of Korean
Taft-Katsura Agreement
says if Japan stays out of the Phillipines the US will not protest the domination of Korean
Teller Amendment
1898; ends the war and states US victory: gives Cuba independence; US gets Philippines; US gets Puerto Rico and Guam; US pays Spain $20million
Treaty of Paris
was sent to control Cubans as governor; became to be known as ‘Butcher’; first use of concentration camps
Valeriano Weyler
supported by US; wins in falling out and the two armies fight, he wins; takes over and speaks about redistributing oil
Venustiano Carranza
blockaded by US so Pancho Villa cannot get guns and supplies
Veracruz
find cure for Yellow Fever; they find it is mosquitoes, so they drain all standing water so mosquitos can’t breed; yellow fever goes down dramatically
Walter Reed & William C. Gorgas
the task that white colonizers believed they had to impose their civilization on the black inhabitants of their colonies
White Man’s Burden
yellow journalist
William Randolph Hearst
is biased opinion masquerading as objective fact and involves sensationalism, distorted stories, and misleading images for the purpose of boosting newspaper sales; often scare headlines in large print, lavish use of pictures, use of fake interviews, emphasis on full Sunday color, and dramatic sympathy for underdog; jingoism
Yellow Journalism
