US Foreign Policy at the Turn of the Century

Question 1

wrote The Influence of Sea Power Upon History primarily of the British Navy, all strong nations have powerful navy

Answer 1

Alfred Thayer Mahan

Question 2

the league includes Grover Cleveland, Andrew Carnegie, and Samuel Gompers; they do not want to annex any more land, especially Philippines; Mark Twain; William Jennings Bryan; some are this way due to racial issues, while others fear it will take jobs from Americans

Answer 2

Anti-Imperialists

Question 3

gains upper hand for US in the Philippines

Answer 3

Arthur MacArthur

Question 4

letter is intercepted by journalists and published, huge insult to US

Answer 4

Depuy de Lome

Question 5

William Howard Taft’s foreign policy helped by Taft; want to exchange money for bullets; big insult to Roosevelt

Answer 5

Dollar Diplomacy

Question 6

leader of Pilipino rebellion; when Spanish war is over, he declares independence and is extremely betrayed when US annexes; he gathers his rebels and goes to military base on Manila

Answer 6

Emilo Aquinaldo

Question 7

annexes Puerto Rico; they have no rights

Answer 7

Foraker Act

Question 8

with Japan, agreement that Japanese will not allow any Japanese adult males to leave for US; in return California must stop discrimination

Answer 8

Gentleman’s Agreement

Question 9

Roosevelt tells him to seize Manila Bay; quick battle

Answer 9

Roosevelt Dewey

Question 10

consists of sixteen battleships which go on a global tour, checking on Japan; starts naval race between US and Japan

Answer 10

Great White Fleet

Question 11

anti-imperialist

Answer 11

Grover Cleveland

Question 12

about half way between US and Asia; some Americans had gone to Hawaii as missionaries; Americans think of Hawaii as part as America, even though it’s not; Reciprocity Treaty 1875 signed by US and Hawaii said there would be no taxation on Hawaiian sugar; King Kalakava was made to sign Bayonet Constitution in 1887, letting foreigners vote, Americans allowed to be in legislature, and allows a Naval base Pearl Harbor; McKinley Tariff passed to put huge tariff on Hawaiian sugar which devastates Hawaiian economy in 1890; Queen Liliuokalani 1891 starts movement Hawaii for Hawaiians to try limiting influence of Americans; American Planters form Annexation Club led by Sanford Dole plan to overthrow the queen; she is overthrown in a bloodless coup in 1893; John Stevens had sailors from US Braxton to surround palace to overthrow queen; Gover Cleveland doesn’t want to annex Hawaii; Cleveland sends James Blount into Hawaii to investigate who sends report back to say Hawaii doesn’t want to be annexed; new sugar treaty; annex Hawaii in 1898 due to war

Answer 12

Hawaii

Question 13

gives US permanent 10 mile wide Canal Zone at the same money; Panamanian delegates so outraged they punched Bunau-Varilla

Answer 13

Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty

Question 14

says US can make canal on their own as long as it’s open for use to all nations

Answer 14

Hay-Pauncefote Treaty

Question 15

an unequal human and territorial relationship, usually in the form of an empire, based on ideas of superiority and practices of dominance, and involving the extension of authority and control of one state or people over another

Answer 15

Imperialism

Question 16

Puerto Rico sues US; Supreme Court rules in favor of Puerto Rico; they do get US citizenship in 1917 and the right to vote for their own government

Answer 16

Insular Cases

Question 17

wrote the Open Door notes, a series of letters to European asking them to open trade routes and not to play favorites with their own countries traders

Answer 17

John Hay

Question 18

lead invasion of Mexico to find Pancho Villa; Black Jack Pershing

Answer 18

John J. Pershing

Question 19

had sailors from US Braxton to surround palace to overthrow Hawiian queen

Answer 19

John L. Stevens

Question 20

ran Cuban Revelutionary Party

Answer 20

Jose Martin

Question 21

king of Hawaii; was made to sign Bayonet Constitution in 1887, letting foreigners vote, Americans allowed to be in legislature, and allows a Naval base Pearl Harbor

Answer 21

King Kalakava

Question 22

exploded; Spain is accused; very short war, only three months; small army but awesome navy; USA wins

Answer 22

U.S.S. Maine

Question 23

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Answer 23

Market Expansion

Question 24

by John Hay is a series of letters to European asking them to open trade routes and not to play favorites with their own countries traders

Answer 24

Open Door Notes

Question 25

in 1901 Hay-Pauncefote Treaty says US can make canal on their own as long as it’s open for use to all nations; possible route through Nicaragua; company in panama building canal goes bankrupt; US buys it; negotiations with Columbia to build canal; Hay-Herran agreement gives six mile wide Canal Zone in exchange for 10,000,000 dollars and annual rent if 250,000 dollars; rejected, they want more; US support revolt in Panama against Columbia; Columbians couldn’t get in because US navy stepped in; Phillipe Bunau-Varilla is a French worker who declares he is the delegate; Treaty gives US permanent 10 mile wide Canal Zone at the same money; Panamanian delegates so outraged they punched Bunau-Varilla

Answer 25

Panama Canal

Question 26

he starts raiding US border; he kills many Americans in the South West; US invades Mexico, led by John Pershing (Black Jack Pershing), to find him; he sneaks around and raids Texas; guard placed at border, he never found by Americans

Answer 26

Pancho Villa

Question 27

US supports this in Panama against Columbia; Columbians couldn’t get in because US navy stepped in

Answer 27

Panamania Revolt

Question 28

says Cuba cannot make treaty with foreign country w/o US approval and no borrowing more money than they can repay; gives US right to intervene and gives US naval base; Cubans didn’t like it, but were forced to accept it in 1901

Answer 28

Platt Amendment

Question 29

dictator of Mexico; in 1911 he steps down for democratic and mystic, Madero, who has been pushing for reform

Answer 29

Porfiro Diaz

Question 30

formally ended the Russo-Japanese War

Answer 30

Portsmouth, NH Conference

Question 31

General Nelson Miles is sent to claim this; Foraker act annexes here; they have no rights

Answer 31

Puerto Rico

Question 32

1891 starts movement Hawaii for Hawaiians to try limiting influence of Americans; American Planters form Annexation Club led by Sanford Dole plan to overthrow the queen; she is overthrown in a bloodless coup in 1893; John Stevens had sailors from US Braxton to surround palace to overthrow queen

Answer 32

Queen Liluokalani

Question 33

Roosevelt added this to the Monroe Doctrine that says the US has right to intervene in domestic affairs of western nations to quell disorder and forestall European intervention

Answer 33

Roosevelt Corollary

Question 34

allows Japan to enter into Manchuria

Answer 34

Root-Takahira Agreement

Question 35

Roosevelt formed this volunteer military group

Answer 35

Rough Raiders

Question 36

Japanese attack Russian ships in Port Arthur in China; war over Manchuria and Korea; Japan defeats Russia, which is major blow to European power

Answer 36

Russo-Japanese War

Question 37

was a decisive battle of the Spanish–American War

Answer 37

San Juan Hill

Question 38

is the application of Darwinism, the concept of survival of the fittest, to everyday social circumstances

Answer 38

Social Darwinism

Question 39

‘splendid little war’; started with explosion of USS Maine; was a conflict in 1898 between Spain and the United States, the result of American intervention in the Cuban War of Independence

Answer 39

Spanish American War

Question 40

says if Japan stays out of the Phillipines the US will not protest the domination of Korean

Answer 40

Taft-Katsura Agreement

Question 41

says if Japan stays out of the Phillipines the US will not protest the domination of Korean

Answer 41

Teller Amendment

Question 42

1898; ends the war and states US victory: gives Cuba independence; US gets Philippines; US gets Puerto Rico and Guam; US pays Spain $20million

Answer 42

Treaty of Paris

Question 43

was sent to control Cubans as governor; became to be known as ‘Butcher’; first use of concentration camps

Answer 43

Valeriano Weyler

Question 44

supported by US; wins in falling out and the two armies fight, he wins; takes over and speaks about redistributing oil

Answer 44

Venustiano Carranza

Question 45

blockaded by US so Pancho Villa cannot get guns and supplies

Answer 45

Veracruz

Question 46

find cure for Yellow Fever; they find it is mosquitoes, so they drain all standing water so mosquitos can’t breed; yellow fever goes down dramatically

Answer 46

Walter Reed & William C. Gorgas

Question 47

the task that white colonizers believed they had to impose their civilization on the black inhabitants of their colonies

Answer 47

White Man’s Burden

Question 48

yellow journalist

Answer 48

William Randolph Hearst

Question 49

is biased opinion masquerading as objective fact and involves sensationalism, distorted stories, and misleading images for the purpose of boosting newspaper sales; often scare headlines in large print, lavish use of pictures, use of fake interviews, emphasis on full Sunday color, and dramatic sympathy for underdog; jingoism

Answer 49

Yellow Journalism