Social and Economic Changes in the Gilded Ages Flashcards
-new medium using magazines; branding
Advertising in the Gilded Age
a Scottish immigrant who starts in railroad buisness; grows wealthy so branches into steel, oil, and telegraph; vertical integration; Carnegie Steel dominates by the end of the century; pamphlet called Gospel of Wealth talks about charity
Andrew Carnegie
got Comstock’s Law passed; special agent for post office and can prosecute those who offend through mail; believes large cities endanger children; for the next 85 years, they can censor the mail; if anything indecent comes through they refuse to send it on and destroy it
Anthony Comstock
created the first practical telephone
Alexander Graham Bell
speech made by Booker T. Washington
Atlanta Compromise
also known as Great Railroad Strike; 1877; go on strike in Martinsburg, West Virginia; quickly spread; government reaction was 10 governors tell workers to go back to work, federal troops sent to cities but only made workers more resistant
B&O Railroad Strike
Henry Bessemer made this process of mass producing steel; he got to the patent office before William Kelly
Bessemer Process
former slave; founded Normal and Industrial School in Tuskegee Alabama; Atlanta Compromise; assisted by George Washington Carver
Booker T. Washington
came up with natural selection and the theory of evolution
Charles Darwin
had one of the first serial killers; major in number of cities to showcase technological and cultural triumphs; biggest world fair in 1893 was commemorative discovery of new world
Chicago’s World’s Fair
Macy, Wanamaker, and Field; always have best products on market with mass production and reasonable price; free delivery and unconditional returns; women treated very nicely as they are major customer
Department store
becomes a travelling preacher; founds Moody Bible Institute in 1899
Dwight L. Moody
used for holding immigrants until they could processed into country
Ellis Island and Angel Island
is into chemicals and explosives; one of the first industrial chemical labs in US; got start in gunpowder
Eugene Du Pont
designed city parks so there would be green in the cities; designed Central Park and the Emerald Necklace in Boston
Fredrick Law Olmstead
designed and built railroad cars for various people; he was known for luxury sleeping cars for the wealthy; in 1881 he builds one of the first company towns where all his workers live; there was no self government or newspaper, you couldn’t speak against the company or risk eviction
George Pullman
invents the airbrake to make it safer to stop trains; got into heated confrontation with Edison over electricity over direct or alternating current; he believes alternating current, which is the current usage; known as war of current and got quite nasty; Edison hired people to show direct current was too dangerous; states adopt alternating current with electric chair; has Tesla work for him
George Westinghouse
Mark Twain coined term
Gilded Age
written by Andrew Carnegie to talk about charity
Gospel of Wealth
joins Carnegie in steel business and runs day to day; in 1892 a strike happens at Homestead mill; won’t negotiate with leaders and the mill is shut down; Frick reopened it by force and hires Pinkerton Detective Agency to protect the strike breakers; ends in same year
Herny Clay Frick
wrote Progress and Poverty; wants windfall profit
Henry George
1892 a strike happens at mill run by Henry Frick; Frick won’t negotiate with leaders and the mill is shut down; Frick reopened it by force and hires Pinkerton Detective Agency to protect the strike breakers; ends in same year
Homestead Strike
a strategy where a company creates or acquires production units for outputs which are alike
Horizontal integration
is a banker; in 1891 he formed General Electric and created US steel in 1901; JP Morgan Jr inherited his money
J.P. Morgan
-comes up with standard oil as a refinery; not content with his refinery; vertical integration: he bought ever thing in the chain of his work (barrel factories, railway cars, oil fields, etc) starts at bottom and buy everything to the top; owns 90% of oil by 1879
John D. Rockefeller
founded the Henry Street Settlement which was a settlement house
Lillian Ward
publications benefit rural Americans because of their isolation from rural markets
Mail-order Catalogs
founded Church of Christ; scientist; teaches Christianity heals sickness
Mary Baker Eddy
a chocolate tycoon; born in Pennsylvania and school dropout after 4th grade; he was apprenticed to a printer but loses it; works for a candy maker and starts his own company in Lancaster as Lancaster Caramel Company; he goes to Chicago World’s fair as he’s interested in German chocolate; he buys machines and starts Hershey’s chocolate; creates a formula for milk chocolate cheap enough for average family; first nationally marketed product of its kind
Milton Hershey
despise new immigrants; feel threatened politically and socially
Nativists
palace car company; George Pullman designed and built railroad cars for various people; he was known for luxury sleeping cars for the wealthy; in 1881 he builds one of the first company towns where all his workers live; there was no self government or newspaper, you couldn’t speak against the company or risk eviction
Pullman Company Cars
an informal agreement that railroads set a constant rate or set certain areas
Railroad Pools
American buisnessmen who practiced cut throat tactics to create an empire
Robber Barons
American Industry dominates; leading development
Second Industrial Revolution
also called Hull Houses; Henry Street Settlement and Locust Street Social Settlement are two examples
Settlement Houses
made possible with the invention of elevators and steel frames
Skyscrapers
created by Herbert Spencer by taking Charles Darwin’s theory; applies them to society saying the fittest of society will be very successful while poverty are not fit
Social Darwinism
William Graham Sumner goes on tours across US to explain this; explains rich over poor and white over every other color of person
Social Gospel
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Standard Oil Companies
someone who owns pieces of stock
Stockholders
eventually owns biggest refrigerated car fleet in US; one of first companies to try to recycle; resale hog waste to various companies for glue, fertilizer, etc.; used money to find coed college Armour Institute of Technology
Swift & Armour
is like apartment; dumb bell tenement are very small with little light
Tenement Apartments
Anthony F. Lucas strikes in Spindletop Hill in Texas in 1901; gushed a hundred feet in the air for 9 days; collects 17million barrels of oil in a year
Texas Oil Boom
-got into heated confrontation with Westinghouse over electricity over direct or alternating current; he believes direct current; known as war of current and got quite nasty; hired people to show alternating current was too dangerous; hired Tesla who was an alternating current guy, he was fired, and Tesla worked for Westinghouse
Thomas Edison
promotes travel and jobs; agent of economic growth
Transcontinental Railroad
buying ever thing in the chain of the work (barrel factories, railway cars, oil fields, etc) starts at bottom and buy everything to the top
Vertical Integration
born in Massachusetts; diverse background; 1st black to earn a PhD from Harvard; calls for immediate social equality; founds NAACP
WEB DuBois
where workers agree not to belong to a union as condition of employment
Yellow-Dog Contract
trade school brought about by Booker T. Washington
Tuskegee Institute
