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Dual US History > Social and Economic Changes in the Gilded Ages > Flashcards

Social and Economic Changes in the Gilded Ages Flashcards

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1
Q

-new medium using magazines; branding

A

Advertising in the Gilded Age

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2
Q

a Scottish immigrant who starts in railroad buisness; grows wealthy so branches into steel, oil, and telegraph; vertical integration; Carnegie Steel dominates by the end of the century; pamphlet called Gospel of Wealth talks about charity

A

Andrew Carnegie

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3
Q

got Comstock’s Law passed; special agent for post office and can prosecute those who offend through mail; believes large cities endanger children; for the next 85 years, they can censor the mail; if anything indecent comes through they refuse to send it on and destroy it

A

Anthony Comstock

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4
Q

created the first practical telephone

A

Alexander Graham Bell

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5
Q

speech made by Booker T. Washington

A

Atlanta Compromise

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6
Q

also known as Great Railroad Strike; 1877; go on strike in Martinsburg, West Virginia; quickly spread; government reaction was 10 governors tell workers to go back to work, federal troops sent to cities but only made workers more resistant

A

B&O Railroad Strike

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7
Q

Henry Bessemer made this process of mass producing steel; he got to the patent office before William Kelly

A

Bessemer Process

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8
Q

former slave; founded Normal and Industrial School in Tuskegee Alabama; Atlanta Compromise; assisted by George Washington Carver

A

Booker T. Washington

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9
Q

came up with natural selection and the theory of evolution

A

Charles Darwin

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10
Q

had one of the first serial killers; major in number of cities to showcase technological and cultural triumphs; biggest world fair in 1893 was commemorative discovery of new world

A

Chicago’s World’s Fair

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11
Q

Macy, Wanamaker, and Field; always have best products on market with mass production and reasonable price; free delivery and unconditional returns; women treated very nicely as they are major customer

A

Department store

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12
Q

becomes a travelling preacher; founds Moody Bible Institute in 1899

A

Dwight L. Moody

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13
Q

used for holding immigrants until they could processed into country

A

Ellis Island and Angel Island

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14
Q

is into chemicals and explosives; one of the first industrial chemical labs in US; got start in gunpowder

A

Eugene Du Pont

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15
Q

designed city parks so there would be green in the cities; designed Central Park and the Emerald Necklace in Boston

A

Fredrick Law Olmstead

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16
Q

designed and built railroad cars for various people; he was known for luxury sleeping cars for the wealthy; in 1881 he builds one of the first company towns where all his workers live; there was no self government or newspaper, you couldn’t speak against the company or risk eviction

A

George Pullman

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17
Q

invents the airbrake to make it safer to stop trains; got into heated confrontation with Edison over electricity over direct or alternating current; he believes alternating current, which is the current usage; known as war of current and got quite nasty; Edison hired people to show direct current was too dangerous; states adopt alternating current with electric chair; has Tesla work for him

A

George Westinghouse

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18
Q

Mark Twain coined term

A

Gilded Age

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19
Q

written by Andrew Carnegie to talk about charity

A

Gospel of Wealth

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20
Q

joins Carnegie in steel business and runs day to day; in 1892 a strike happens at Homestead mill; won’t negotiate with leaders and the mill is shut down; Frick reopened it by force and hires Pinkerton Detective Agency to protect the strike breakers; ends in same year

A

Herny Clay Frick

21
Q

wrote Progress and Poverty; wants windfall profit

A

Henry George

22
Q

1892 a strike happens at mill run by Henry Frick; Frick won’t negotiate with leaders and the mill is shut down; Frick reopened it by force and hires Pinkerton Detective Agency to protect the strike breakers; ends in same year

A

Homestead Strike

23
Q

a strategy where a company creates or acquires production units for outputs which are alike

A

Horizontal integration

24
Q

is a banker; in 1891 he formed General Electric and created US steel in 1901; JP Morgan Jr inherited his money

A

J.P. Morgan

25
Q

-comes up with standard oil as a refinery; not content with his refinery; vertical integration: he bought ever thing in the chain of his work (barrel factories, railway cars, oil fields, etc) starts at bottom and buy everything to the top; owns 90% of oil by 1879

A

John D. Rockefeller

26
Q

founded the Henry Street Settlement which was a settlement house

A

Lillian Ward

27
Q

publications benefit rural Americans because of their isolation from rural markets

A

Mail-order Catalogs

28
Q

founded Church of Christ; scientist; teaches Christianity heals sickness

A

Mary Baker Eddy

29
Q

a chocolate tycoon; born in Pennsylvania and school dropout after 4th grade; he was apprenticed to a printer but loses it; works for a candy maker and starts his own company in Lancaster as Lancaster Caramel Company; he goes to Chicago World’s fair as he’s interested in German chocolate; he buys machines and starts Hershey’s chocolate; creates a formula for milk chocolate cheap enough for average family; first nationally marketed product of its kind

A

Milton Hershey

30
Q

despise new immigrants; feel threatened politically and socially

A

Nativists

31
Q

palace car company; George Pullman designed and built railroad cars for various people; he was known for luxury sleeping cars for the wealthy; in 1881 he builds one of the first company towns where all his workers live; there was no self government or newspaper, you couldn’t speak against the company or risk eviction

A

Pullman Company Cars

32
Q

an informal agreement that railroads set a constant rate or set certain areas

A

Railroad Pools

33
Q

American buisnessmen who practiced cut throat tactics to create an empire

A

Robber Barons

34
Q

American Industry dominates; leading development

A

Second Industrial Revolution

35
Q

also called Hull Houses; Henry Street Settlement and Locust Street Social Settlement are two examples

A

Settlement Houses

36
Q

made possible with the invention of elevators and steel frames

A

Skyscrapers

37
Q

created by Herbert Spencer by taking Charles Darwin’s theory; applies them to society saying the fittest of society will be very successful while poverty are not fit

A

Social Darwinism

38
Q

William Graham Sumner goes on tours across US to explain this; explains rich over poor and white over every other color of person

A

Social Gospel

39
Q

-

A

Standard Oil Companies

40
Q

someone who owns pieces of stock

A

Stockholders

41
Q

eventually owns biggest refrigerated car fleet in US; one of first companies to try to recycle; resale hog waste to various companies for glue, fertilizer, etc.; used money to find coed college Armour Institute of Technology

A

Swift & Armour

42
Q

is like apartment; dumb bell tenement are very small with little light

A

Tenement Apartments

43
Q

Anthony F. Lucas strikes in Spindletop Hill in Texas in 1901; gushed a hundred feet in the air for 9 days; collects 17million barrels of oil in a year

A

Texas Oil Boom

44
Q

-got into heated confrontation with Westinghouse over electricity over direct or alternating current; he believes direct current; known as war of current and got quite nasty; hired people to show alternating current was too dangerous; hired Tesla who was an alternating current guy, he was fired, and Tesla worked for Westinghouse

A

Thomas Edison

45
Q

promotes travel and jobs; agent of economic growth

A

Transcontinental Railroad

46
Q

buying ever thing in the chain of the work (barrel factories, railway cars, oil fields, etc) starts at bottom and buy everything to the top

A

Vertical Integration

47
Q

born in Massachusetts; diverse background; 1st black to earn a PhD from Harvard; calls for immediate social equality; founds NAACP

A

WEB DuBois

48
Q

where workers agree not to belong to a union as condition of employment

A

Yellow-Dog Contract

49
Q

trade school brought about by Booker T. Washington

A

Tuskegee Institute

Dual US History (9 decks)

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