world view 2

Question 1

Aldo leopoldo

Answer 1

• began his career in the Pinchot
  camp and gradually moved to the
  Muir camp”
• Conservation born out of curiosity

Question 2

his values

Answer 2

• Rejected ‘utilitarianism
• Against ‘blind compliance’ with economic dogma
• Cared about non-economic values
• Against valuing land use by a single measure (e.g. crop
  yields, timber production)
• Cared about relationships

Question 3

Conservation

Answer 3

• Harmony between men and land
• ‘Wise use’ and restraint (using skill
  and insight)
• Commodity extraction should be
  subordinate to ecosystem health

Question 4

Leopold’s The land ethic

Answer 4

• we have a responsbility to take care of nature/land
• we are not masters (it does not belong to us) of the land but rather we should be a part of the same community as the land

Question 5

what was part of the community for leopold?

Answer 5

animals,water,plants,soils and us

Question 6

Leopold’s Land Ethic general principles

Answer 6

• Land is a system of interdependent parts
• . Humans are a member – not masters – of this
  community
• . Human place in nature is part of an interconnected
  whole
• . Responsibility to preserve the ‘integrity, stability and
  beauty’ of the biotic community
• All community members have the ‘biotic right’ to
  continued existence, regardless of economic
  advantage to humans

Question 7

Leopold’s impact

Answer 7

 Contribution to environmental ethics

 Wilderness Society (instrumental for the
Wilderness Act of 1964)

 A Sand County Almanac (1949)

Question 8

chico mendes

Answer 8

 Brazilian rubber tapper and union organizer
 Fought to save the Amazon Rainforest from cattle
ranchers and deforestation
 Used non-violent protest (e.g. road blocks, lobbying)
 Advocated the creation of ‘extractive reserves’ for
sustainable use
“Mendes wanted the forest to be used sustainably
rather than cut off from economic activity (as some
environmentalists wanted) or cut down (as the farmers
wanted).”
 Killed on December 1988 by cattle ranchers

Question 9

impact

Answer 9

 Chico Mendes Extractive Reserve
 ‘Patron of the Brazilian environment’
 Chico Mendes Institute for Conservation
and Biodiversity
 “Mendes is now a symbol of the global
environmental movement”