World History Chapter 8 Flashcards
What year was Rome founded
753 BC.
Another name for Italy
Apennine Peninsula
Who were the ancestors of the Romans
The Itali
Common marketplace or meeting place for Latin settlers
Forum
A seafaring people from Asia Minor who appeared in Italy about 800 B.C.
The Etruscans
Two social classes developed by the Etruscans
Patricians (upper-class insiders)
Plebeians (lower-class outsiders)
A temple dedicated to the numerous gods of the Roman Empire
Pantheon
Slave hired to tutor and discipline Greek sons
Pedagogue
A group of citizens, in an ancient Greek and Roman democracy, with the power to pass laws
Assembly
In ancient Rome, the supreme governing body originally made up only of aristocrats
Senate
The branch of the Roman republic that voted on you laws, and made declarations of war
Assembly of centuries
Group of people that began colonizing the Mediterranean world extensively during the 700s B.C.
Greeks
“Greater Greece”
Magna Graecia
City founded in 814 B.C.
Carthage
Wild Celtic barbarians from Western Europe
Gauls
What are the Roman ideals
Pietas (piety)
Gravitas (gravity)
Dignitas (dignity)
In what year did the nobles of Rome lead a revolt of both patricians and plebeians against the tyranny of the last Etruscan king, Tarquin the Proud?
509 B.C.
What became Rome’s two greatest contributions to Western civilization
Her republican form of limited, representative government
Her reverence for the rule of law
Roman military units of 3000-5000 foot soldiers and cavalry
Légions
Which group of people were the one major rivals of the western Mediterranean
Carthage
Who fought in the Punic Wars?
Rome and Carthage
Who won the First Punic War?
Rome
Carthaginian général that annihilated the Romans at the Battle of Cannae
Hannibal
Roman général that was dispatched to North Africa to fight Hannibal; what was the name of the battle
Scipio; thé Battle of Zama
Who won the Battle of Zama?
The Romans
Who participated in the Third Punic War?
Thé Numidians, the Romans, and the Carthaginians
What did the Romans do to the Carthaginians in the third Punic War?
They burned Carthage for 17 days and poured salt all the over the land to prevent it from growing food?
By the year ….., the Romans were he masters of the Mediterranean world
133 B.C.
What problems did the Romans encounter because of the expansion of their land?
Moral breakdown and economic decline
What did the rich Romans give the poor Romans
“Bread and circuses”
Évent in which prisoners of war, slaves, or criminals were forced to fight in public shows
Gladiators
Who became tribune in 133 B.C.
Tiberius Gracchus
Who was elected tribune in 123 BC. after his brother
Gaius Gracchus
which two people fought Rome’s first civil war? idol of the masses? Champion of the senate? who ended up winning?
Marius and Sulla; Marius; Sulla; Sulla
who were the two chief competitors after Sulla’s death
Pompey and Julius Ceasar
Alliance formed by Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus/ meaning «rule by three men»
First Triumvirate
Who was the last ruler of the Ptolemaic dynasty
Cleopatra
Who introduced the Julian Calendar
Julius Caesar
Julius Caesar’s date of death
March 15, 44 B.C.
Where Caesar lead his army to in order to attack Rome
The Rubicon River
Which three peoples formed the Second Triumvirate
Mark Antony, Octavian, and Lepidus
Republican Rome’s greatest orator and statesman
Cicero
Where did Octavian defeat Antony’s fleet in 31 B.C.
Actium
Which brothers tried to bring aid to the poor and reform to Rome?
Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
Who were the opposing generals in Rome’s first civil war?
Marius and Sulla
Who was the great Roman orator and statesman assassinated by the Second Triumvirate
Cicero
In which naval battle was the fleet of Antony defeated by Octavian
Actium
What are the titles attributed to Octavian
Princeps
Caesar
Imperator
Pontifex Maximus
Augustus
What does the New Testament refer to Octavian as
Caesar Augustus
Jesus Christ was born around …..?….. in Bethlehem of ….?…..
4 B.C.; Judaea
Who were the Claudian emperors? Which one ruled during the earthly ministry of Jesus Christ? Which one initiated the first great outbreak of persecution against the Christians?
- A series of rulers after Caesar Augustus’s death
- Tiberius
- Nero
Under Caesar Augustus began the famed Pax …..?….. from ….-….
Romana ; 30 B.C.- A.D. 180
Who were the Flavian emperors
Vespasian and his two sons, Titus and Domitian
In …?… Titus captured Jerusalem
A.D. 70
Who were the “Five Good” emperors
Nerva
Trajan
Hadrian
Antonius Pius
Marcus Aurelius
Diocletian ruled as Augustus in West
East
Who became the Augustus of the West
Maximian
What are Rome’s greatest contributions to civilization
Latin language
Roman law
Republican government
What is common every Latin called
Vernacular or Vulgar Latin
…?…. Latin is spoken and understood by churchmen and scholars all over Western Europe
Medieval
What is the source of about one half of the words in the English language
Latin
Time frame from the birth of Cicero to the death of Augustus
Golden Age of Latin Literature
Who was the greatest poet of the Golden Age?
Virgil
Epic poem written by Virgil that describes the legendary events that led to the founding of Rome
Aeneid
Who became Rome’s leading poem after Virgil’s death
Horace
What is Horace’s lyric called
Odes
Whose work transmitted classical Greco-Roman mythology to the modern world
Ovid
Greek biographer best known for his masterpiece “Parallel Lives”
Plutarch
What are the chief principles of Roman law?
- single sovereignty
- universality
- equity
The notion that all law derived from a single central source
Single sovereignty
The belief that all men share a common human nature
Universality
The principle that laws should be sufficiently flexible to fit a large number of particular cases
Equity
What is Rome’s greatest heritage in the realm of law?
Justinian Code
What is the focal point of all world history
The life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ
Muscles always (push/pull), they never (push/pull)
Pull, push
