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World History > World History Chapter 8 > Flashcards

World History Chapter 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

What year was Rome founded

A

753 BC.

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2
Q

Another name for Italy

A

Apennine Peninsula

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3
Q

Who were the ancestors of the Romans

A

The Itali

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4
Q

Common marketplace or meeting place for Latin settlers

A

Forum

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5
Q

A seafaring people from Asia Minor who appeared in Italy about 800 B.C.

A

The Etruscans

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6
Q

Two social classes developed by the Etruscans

A

Patricians (upper-class insiders)
Plebeians (lower-class outsiders)

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7
Q

A temple dedicated to the numerous gods of the Roman Empire

A

Pantheon

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8
Q

Slave hired to tutor and discipline Greek sons

A

Pedagogue

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9
Q

A group of citizens, in an ancient Greek and Roman democracy, with the power to pass laws

A

Assembly

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10
Q

In ancient Rome, the supreme governing body originally made up only of aristocrats

A

Senate

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11
Q

The branch of the Roman republic that voted on you laws, and made declarations of war

A

Assembly of centuries

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12
Q

Group of people that began colonizing the Mediterranean world extensively during the 700s B.C.

A

Greeks

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13
Q

“Greater Greece”

A

Magna Graecia

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14
Q

City founded in 814 B.C.

A

Carthage

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15
Q

Wild Celtic barbarians from Western Europe

A

Gauls

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16
Q

What are the Roman ideals

A

Pietas (piety)
Gravitas (gravity)
Dignitas (dignity)

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17
Q

In what year did the nobles of Rome lead a revolt of both patricians and plebeians against the tyranny of the last Etruscan king, Tarquin the Proud?

A

509 B.C.

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18
Q

What became Rome’s two greatest contributions to Western civilization

A

Her republican form of limited, representative government
Her reverence for the rule of law

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19
Q

Roman military units of 3000-5000 foot soldiers and cavalry

A

Légions

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20
Q

Which group of people were the one major rivals of the western Mediterranean

A

Carthage

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21
Q

Who fought in the Punic Wars?

A

Rome and Carthage

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22
Q

Who won the First Punic War?

A

Rome

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23
Q

Carthaginian général that annihilated the Romans at the Battle of Cannae

A

Hannibal

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24
Q

Roman général that was dispatched to North Africa to fight Hannibal; what was the name of the battle

A

Scipio; thé Battle of Zama

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25
Q

Who won the Battle of Zama?

A

The Romans

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26
Q

Who participated in the Third Punic War?

A

Thé Numidians, the Romans, and the Carthaginians

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27
Q

What did the Romans do to the Carthaginians in the third Punic War?

A

They burned Carthage for 17 days and poured salt all the over the land to prevent it from growing food?

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28
Q

By the year ….., the Romans were he masters of the Mediterranean world

A

133 B.C.

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29
Q

What problems did the Romans encounter because of the expansion of their land?

A

Moral breakdown and economic decline

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30
Q

What did the rich Romans give the poor Romans

A

“Bread and circuses”

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31
Q

Évent in which prisoners of war, slaves, or criminals were forced to fight in public shows

A

Gladiators

32
Q

Who became tribune in 133 B.C.

A

Tiberius Gracchus

33
Q

Who was elected tribune in 123 BC. after his brother

A

Gaius Gracchus

34
Q

which two people fought Rome’s first civil war? idol of the masses? Champion of the senate? who ended up winning?

A

Marius and Sulla; Marius; Sulla; Sulla

35
Q

who were the two chief competitors after Sulla’s death

A

Pompey and Julius Ceasar

36
Q

Alliance formed by Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus/ meaning «rule by three men»

A

First Triumvirate

37
Q

Who was the last ruler of the Ptolemaic dynasty

A

Cleopatra

38
Q

Who introduced the Julian Calendar

A

Julius Caesar

39
Q

Julius Caesar’s date of death

A

March 15, 44 B.C.

40
Q

Where Caesar lead his army to in order to attack Rome

A

The Rubicon River

41
Q

Which three peoples formed the Second Triumvirate

A

Mark Antony, Octavian, and Lepidus

42
Q

Republican Rome’s greatest orator and statesman

A

Cicero

43
Q

Where did Octavian defeat Antony’s fleet in 31 B.C.

A

Actium

44
Q

Which brothers tried to bring aid to the poor and reform to Rome?

A

Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus

45
Q

Who were the opposing generals in Rome’s first civil war?

A

Marius and Sulla

46
Q

Who was the great Roman orator and statesman assassinated by the Second Triumvirate

A

Cicero

47
Q

In which naval battle was the fleet of Antony defeated by Octavian

A

Actium

48
Q

What are the titles attributed to Octavian

A

Princeps
Caesar
Imperator
Pontifex Maximus
Augustus

49
Q

What does the New Testament refer to Octavian as

A

Caesar Augustus

50
Q

Jesus Christ was born around …..?….. in Bethlehem of ….?…..

A

4 B.C.; Judaea

51
Q

Who were the Claudian emperors? Which one ruled during the earthly ministry of Jesus Christ? Which one initiated the first great outbreak of persecution against the Christians?

A
  1. A series of rulers after Caesar Augustus’s death
  2. Tiberius
  3. Nero
52
Q

Under Caesar Augustus began the famed Pax …..?….. from ….-….

A

Romana ; 30 B.C.- A.D. 180

53
Q

Who were the Flavian emperors

A

Vespasian and his two sons, Titus and Domitian

54
Q

In …?… Titus captured Jerusalem

A

A.D. 70

55
Q

Who were the “Five Good” emperors

A

Nerva
Trajan
Hadrian
Antonius Pius
Marcus Aurelius

56
Q

Diocletian ruled as Augustus in West

A

East

57
Q

Who became the Augustus of the West

A

Maximian

58
Q

What are Rome’s greatest contributions to civilization

A

Latin language
Roman law
Republican government

59
Q

What is common every Latin called

A

Vernacular or Vulgar Latin

60
Q

…?…. Latin is spoken and understood by churchmen and scholars all over Western Europe

A

Medieval

61
Q

What is the source of about one half of the words in the English language

A

Latin

62
Q

Time frame from the birth of Cicero to the death of Augustus

A

Golden Age of Latin Literature

63
Q

Who was the greatest poet of the Golden Age?

A

Virgil

64
Q

Epic poem written by Virgil that describes the legendary events that led to the founding of Rome

A

Aeneid

65
Q

Who became Rome’s leading poem after Virgil’s death

A

Horace

66
Q

What is Horace’s lyric called

A

Odes

67
Q

Whose work transmitted classical Greco-Roman mythology to the modern world

A

Ovid

68
Q

Greek biographer best known for his masterpiece “Parallel Lives”

A

Plutarch

69
Q

What are the chief principles of Roman law?

A
  • single sovereignty
  • universality
  • equity
70
Q

The notion that all law derived from a single central source

A

Single sovereignty

71
Q

The belief that all men share a common human nature

A

Universality

72
Q

The principle that laws should be sufficiently flexible to fit a large number of particular cases

A

Equity

73
Q

What is Rome’s greatest heritage in the realm of law?

A

Justinian Code

74
Q

What is the focal point of all world history

A

The life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ

75
Q

Muscles always (push/pull), they never (push/pull)

A

Pull, push

World History (11 decks)

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