World History chapter 4 Flashcards
what are Asia’s three great fertile river valleys?
Tigris-Euphrates, Indus, and Huang He
What is the largest of the seven continents?
Asia
what is the most populous continent?
Asia
what is the most mountainous continent?
Asia
why is India referred to as the subcontinent
because of its geography is separated from the rest of Asia
what are the major land regions the Indian subcontinent consists of?
Himalayan Mountain system, Norther Plains, Deccan Plateau
hordes of fierce barbarians who invaded India from the northwest.
Aryans
who are the indigenous people of India that were overwhelmed by the Aryans.
Dravidians
one absolute, impersonal, universal spirit worshipped by the Hindus
Brahma
process of rebirth whereby the soul evolves towards spiritual perfection
reincarnation
a strict division of social classes
caste
top of the social caste/ Hindu priests
Brahmans
order of the caste system from highest to lowest
- Brahmans
- princes and warriors
- landowners, merchants, farmers, laborers, and servants
a person who broke the rules of his caste
and outcaste (pariah or untouchable)
What is the highest point on earth?
Mt. Everest
What is the lowest point on earth
Dead Sea
Who invaded the indigenous people of the Dravidians
Aryans
What are India’s two distinctive cultural features?
Hinduism and the caste system
What god did Hinduism worship
Brahma
Which animal did the Hinduism worship
The cow
Is it allowed to leave your caste in India?
No
Who overthrew the Persian empire
Alexander the Great, greek
Which Indian family drove out the Greeks, conquered the entire northern plain, and established the Maurya Empire?
The Mauryas
Who was the Mauryas’ greatest ruler?
Asoka
From which religions did Asoka convert to
Hinduism to Buddhism
Religion that arose in India around 500 B.C. With its cycles of reincarnation and its ultimate goal of escape into oblivion
Buddhism
An upper-caste Hindu nobleman that found Buddhism and became known as Buddha
Siddharta Gautama
What word means “enlightened one” ?
Buddha
Spiritual state of mind in which the soul is completely oblivious of the self and of the world
Nirvana
Native Indian dynasty established between A.D. 320 and 535, that inaugurated India’s golden age.
Guptas
Muslim warrior of Mongol extraction that invaded India from Afghanistan and founded the Mogul Empire
Babar
Which empire did Babar establish
The Mogul Empire
Mogul is derived from what
Mongol
Word that means “best of buildings”
Taj Mahal
After India got their independence from England in 1947, how did the country divide
East and West Pakistan
What did East Pakistan later become?
Bangladesh
What is the official language of modern Pakistan
Urdu
Which language is a mix of Arabic and Hindi
Hindustani or Urdu
What is India’s contribution to civilization?
Development of place value and a decimal numeral system
Development of Arabic numerals
Development of Algebra
Development of cipher (now called zero)
Meaning “reunion of broken parts”
Algebra
A cotton material with usually a checked or figured print
Calico
What did the Arabs obtain from India for weapons?
Damascene steel
What is the world’s oldest living civilization
China
Where did the first known Chinese civiliza-tion settle?
Huang He
By what name did the ancient Chinese call their land?
Chung-kuo
Word meaning “middle country”
Chung-kuo
What were the major accomplishments of the Shang dynasty in China?
Their writing system
What was China’s longest ruling dynasty?
Chou dynasty
Who were China’s two greatest philosophers during the Chou dynasty?
Lao-tse and Confucius
From what dynasty did the name China originate?
Ch’in dynasty
What was the longest fortification built in the Ch’in dynasty?
The Wall of China
What dynasty marked the height of ancient China’s power and glory?
The Han dynasty
Name some contributions of the Han dynasty
The calendar
Silk cloth
Glazed pottery
Paper
What was significant about the empire of Genghis Khan? What dynasty was estab-lished by his successors?
- It was he largest continental empire in history
- his successor started the Yuan dynasty
What empire was in existence when the Taj Mahal was built
The Mogul empire
How many dynasties does China have
10 dynasties
What was Lao-tse’s philosophy called
Taoism
Philosopher that taught his followers to respect tradition, reverence learning, cherish honesty, and honor family ties
Confucius
What was Confucius’s philosophy called
Confucianism
Who was the founder of the Ch’in dynasty
Shih Huang Ti
What are the two major dialects in China
Mandarin dialect (northern)
Cantonese dialect (southern)
How many characters does the Chinese writing have
Nearly 50,000 characters
Who was the first emperor of a united China
Shih Huang Ti
What dynasty marked the height of ancient China’s power and glory
The Han dynasty
What linked China with the Roman world
The Great Silk Road
Fierce nomads from the northern steppes of Asia that swept into China. What was the name of their leader?
The Mongols; Genghis Khan
Who was the grandson of Genghis Khan
Kublai Khan
Italian that spent nearly 20 years in the kingdom of Kublai Khan
Marco Polo
What are China’s two great River systems?
Huang He and Yantze
River known as “China’s Sorrow”
Huang He
What are Japan’s four major islands
- Hokkaido
- Honshu
- Kyushu
- Shikoku
Mountain that covers 70 percent of Japan’s land area
Mt. Fuji
Word meaning “source of the sun”
Nippon
Name given by Marco Polo/ name from which Japan is derived from
Cipango
The original inhabitants of Japan
Ainu
What culture do the Japanese have in common with the Chinese?
The worship of ancestors
A religion of nature worship and the oldest surviving religion in Japan
Shinto
A group of extended families
A clan
Ancestors of Japan’s imperial family that established a loose rule over the other clans
Yamato clan
The ‘founder of Japanese civilization’
Prince Shotoku
What is Prince Shotoku’s greatest accomplishment?
The establishment of a “constitution”
Great Reform/ a central government was formed, the emperor became the owner of the land, and a tax system was set up
Taika
Japanese emperor
Mikado
Feudal lords who controlled public affairs in Japan
Shoguns
Local landlords of Japan
Daimios
Warriors or knights who served in the private army of the daimios in Japan
Samurai
What became the dominant religion of Korea?
Buddhism
What are ten independent nations of Southeast Asia?
Myanmar
Thailand
Laos
Cambodia
Vietnam
Malaysia
Singapore
Indonesia
The Philippines
Brunei
What are the chief religions of Southeast Asia?
Buddhism and Islam
Although Southeast Asia is abundant in natural resources, why are the resources undeveloped?
Because of communism
