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World History > World History chapter 4 > Flashcards

World History chapter 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

what are Asia’s three great fertile river valleys?

A

Tigris-Euphrates, Indus, and Huang He

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2
Q

What is the largest of the seven continents?

A

Asia

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3
Q

what is the most populous continent?

A

Asia

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4
Q

what is the most mountainous continent?

A

Asia

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5
Q

why is India referred to as the subcontinent

A

because of its geography is separated from the rest of Asia

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6
Q

what are the major land regions the Indian subcontinent consists of?

A

Himalayan Mountain system, Norther Plains, Deccan Plateau

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7
Q

hordes of fierce barbarians who invaded India from the northwest.

A

Aryans

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8
Q

who are the indigenous people of India that were overwhelmed by the Aryans.

A

Dravidians

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9
Q

one absolute, impersonal, universal spirit worshipped by the Hindus

A

Brahma

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10
Q

process of rebirth whereby the soul evolves towards spiritual perfection

A

reincarnation

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11
Q

a strict division of social classes

A

caste

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12
Q

top of the social caste/ Hindu priests

A

Brahmans

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13
Q

order of the caste system from highest to lowest

A
  • Brahmans
  • princes and warriors
  • landowners, merchants, farmers, laborers, and servants
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14
Q

a person who broke the rules of his caste

A

and outcaste (pariah or untouchable)

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15
Q

What is the highest point on earth?

A

Mt. Everest

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16
Q

What is the lowest point on earth

A

Dead Sea

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17
Q

Who invaded the indigenous people of the Dravidians

A

Aryans

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18
Q

What are India’s two distinctive cultural features?

A

Hinduism and the caste system

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19
Q

What god did Hinduism worship

A

Brahma

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20
Q

Which animal did the Hinduism worship

A

The cow

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21
Q

Is it allowed to leave your caste in India?

A

No

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22
Q

Who overthrew the Persian empire

A

Alexander the Great, greek

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23
Q

Which Indian family drove out the Greeks, conquered the entire northern plain, and established the Maurya Empire?

A

The Mauryas

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24
Q

Who was the Mauryas’ greatest ruler?

A

Asoka

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25
Q

From which religions did Asoka convert to

A

Hinduism to Buddhism

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26
Q

Religion that arose in India around 500 B.C. With its cycles of reincarnation and its ultimate goal of escape into oblivion

A

Buddhism

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27
Q

An upper-caste Hindu nobleman that found Buddhism and became known as Buddha

A

Siddharta Gautama

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28
Q

What word means “enlightened one” ?

A

Buddha

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29
Q

Spiritual state of mind in which the soul is completely oblivious of the self and of the world

A

Nirvana

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30
Q

Native Indian dynasty established between A.D. 320 and 535, that inaugurated India’s golden age.

A

Guptas

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31
Q

Muslim warrior of Mongol extraction that invaded India from Afghanistan and founded the Mogul Empire

A

Babar

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32
Q

Which empire did Babar establish

A

The Mogul Empire

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33
Q

Mogul is derived from what

A

Mongol

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34
Q

Word that means “best of buildings”

A

Taj Mahal

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35
Q

After India got their independence from England in 1947, how did the country divide

A

East and West Pakistan

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36
Q

What did East Pakistan later become?

A

Bangladesh

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37
Q

What is the official language of modern Pakistan

A

Urdu

38
Q

Which language is a mix of Arabic and Hindi

A

Hindustani or Urdu

39
Q

What is India’s contribution to civilization?

A

Development of place value and a decimal numeral system
Development of Arabic numerals
Development of Algebra
Development of cipher (now called zero)

40
Q

Meaning “reunion of broken parts”

A

Algebra

41
Q

A cotton material with usually a checked or figured print

A

Calico

42
Q

What did the Arabs obtain from India for weapons?

A

Damascene steel

43
Q

What is the world’s oldest living civilization

A

China

44
Q

Where did the first known Chinese civiliza-tion settle?

A

Huang He

45
Q

By what name did the ancient Chinese call their land?

A

Chung-kuo

46
Q

Word meaning “middle country”

A

Chung-kuo

47
Q

What were the major accomplishments of the Shang dynasty in China?

A

Their writing system

48
Q

What was China’s longest ruling dynasty?

A

Chou dynasty

49
Q

Who were China’s two greatest philosophers during the Chou dynasty?

A

Lao-tse and Confucius

50
Q

From what dynasty did the name China originate?

A

Ch’in dynasty

51
Q

What was the longest fortification built in the Ch’in dynasty?

A

The Wall of China

52
Q

What dynasty marked the height of ancient China’s power and glory?

A

The Han dynasty

53
Q

Name some contributions of the Han dynasty

A

The calendar
Silk cloth
Glazed pottery
Paper

54
Q

What was significant about the empire of Genghis Khan? What dynasty was estab-lished by his successors?

A
  • It was he largest continental empire in history
  • his successor started the Yuan dynasty
55
Q

What empire was in existence when the Taj Mahal was built

A

The Mogul empire

56
Q

How many dynasties does China have

A

10 dynasties

57
Q

What was Lao-tse’s philosophy called

A

Taoism

58
Q

Philosopher that taught his followers to respect tradition, reverence learning, cherish honesty, and honor family ties

A

Confucius

59
Q

What was Confucius’s philosophy called

A

Confucianism

60
Q

Who was the founder of the Ch’in dynasty

A

Shih Huang Ti

61
Q

What are the two major dialects in China

A

Mandarin dialect (northern)
Cantonese dialect (southern)

62
Q

How many characters does the Chinese writing have

A

Nearly 50,000 characters

63
Q

Who was the first emperor of a united China

A

Shih Huang Ti

64
Q

What dynasty marked the height of ancient China’s power and glory

A

The Han dynasty

65
Q

What linked China with the Roman world

A

The Great Silk Road

66
Q

Fierce nomads from the northern steppes of Asia that swept into China. What was the name of their leader?

A

The Mongols; Genghis Khan

67
Q

Who was the grandson of Genghis Khan

A

Kublai Khan

68
Q

Italian that spent nearly 20 years in the kingdom of Kublai Khan

A

Marco Polo

69
Q

What are China’s two great River systems?

A

Huang He and Yantze

70
Q

River known as “China’s Sorrow”

A

Huang He

71
Q

What are Japan’s four major islands

A
  • Hokkaido
  • Honshu
  • Kyushu
  • Shikoku
72
Q

Mountain that covers 70 percent of Japan’s land area

A

Mt. Fuji

73
Q

Word meaning “source of the sun”

A

Nippon

74
Q

Name given by Marco Polo/ name from which Japan is derived from

A

Cipango

75
Q

The original inhabitants of Japan

A

Ainu

76
Q

What culture do the Japanese have in common with the Chinese?

A

The worship of ancestors

77
Q

A religion of nature worship and the oldest surviving religion in Japan

A

Shinto

78
Q

A group of extended families

A

A clan

79
Q

Ancestors of Japan’s imperial family that established a loose rule over the other clans

A

Yamato clan

80
Q

The ‘founder of Japanese civilization’

A

Prince Shotoku

81
Q

What is Prince Shotoku’s greatest accomplishment?

A

The establishment of a “constitution”

82
Q

Great Reform/ a central government was formed, the emperor became the owner of the land, and a tax system was set up

A

Taika

83
Q

Japanese emperor

A

Mikado

84
Q

Feudal lords who controlled public affairs in Japan

A

Shoguns

85
Q

Local landlords of Japan

A

Daimios

86
Q

Warriors or knights who served in the private army of the daimios in Japan

A

Samurai

87
Q

What became the dominant religion of Korea?

A

Buddhism

88
Q

What are ten independent nations of Southeast Asia?

A

Myanmar
Thailand
Laos
Cambodia
Vietnam
Malaysia
Singapore
Indonesia
The Philippines
Brunei

89
Q

What are the chief religions of Southeast Asia?

A

Buddhism and Islam

90
Q

Although Southeast Asia is abundant in natural resources, why are the resources undeveloped?

A

Because of communism

World History (11 decks)

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