World History Chapter 7 Flashcards
What is on the east side of the Balkan Peninsula
The Black Sea and the Aegean Sea
What is on the west of the Balkan Peninsula
Ionian Sea
What are two prominent regions of ancient Greece
Attica and Pelopesus
What is the earliest civilization within Greece
Aegean Civilization
Group of people on the island of Crete that developed the first important European civilization after the Flood
The Minoans
How did the Minoans become known to modern historians
When Sir Arthur Evans uncovered the palace of the legendary King Minos at Knossos in A.D. 1900
Group of people that inhabited the Greek mainland of Mycenae
The Mycenaeans
Who overthrew the Mycenaeans?
The Dorians
Many of the Mycenaeans escaped to Asia Minor and Attica where they became known as …….
Ionians
Greeks of classical times who made great contributions to Western Civilization
Hellenes
Singing poet that had great influence on the Greeks
Homer
What are the two famous epic poems written by Homer
Iliad and Odyssey
The chief and father of the gods, (Greek religion) that is associated with thunder and lightning
Zeus
According to Homer, where did the Greek gods live?
On Mt. Olympus
The invincible Greek warrior made up by Homer in the Iliad
Achilles
Tribes and villages joined to form the …. or city
Polis
What differentiated the heroes and the gods
The heroes were mortal
Greek Marketplace, a busy concourse of commerce, conversation, and debate
agora
Greek place of physical training and games of skill
Gymnasium
Greek outdoor theater
Amphitheater
What did the Greeks refer to those who didn’t speak the Greek language
Barbarians
Greek event held every fourth year at Olympia in honor of Zeus
Olympic Games
What was the first year of the Olympic Games according to the Greek calendar?
776 B.C.
What is the period between Olympics called?
Olympiad
which countries fought in the Greco-Persian war?
Greece and Persia
Persian king that crushed the Ionian revolt and demanded that the mainland Greeks submit to him
Darius I
What are the cities that refused to surrender to Darius’s command
Athens, Eretria, and Sparta
What year did the Greco-Persian Wars start/end
490 B.C.- 479 B.C.
After quickly defeating Eretria, the Persians landed at ……. , about a day’s March northeast of Athens
Marathon
What did the Battle of Marathon prove
It proved that the Persians could be defeated
It brought great prestige to Athens
Who was determined to conquer Greece ten years after Marathon
Xerxes I, Darius’s son
A narrow mountain pass in the central Greece near the Aegean Sea
Thermopylae
Who was the Spartan leader during the Battle of Thermopylae
Leonidas
Where had the citizens been evacuated when the Persians had arrived at Athens?
The Island of Salamis
Greek navy that tricked Xerxes into fighting a naval battle in the narrow strait between the mainland and the island of Salamis
Themistocles
What is the first naval battle in history
The Battle of Salamis
In which battle were the Persians finally defeated? In which year?
The Battle of Plataea; 479 B.C.
What was considered a turning point in world history?
Xerxes’s defeat to Greece
Which two Greek city-states led in the war against the Persians
Sparta and Athens
“Rule by one”
Monarchy
The Greek
monarch was advised by the …… and the ……..
Council of Elders ; Assembly
The first people in world history to reject one-man rule
The Greeks
Rule by the “best”
Aristocracy
“Rule by the few rich”
Oligarchy
“Rule by one man who has seized power by rebellion and insurrection”
Tyranny
Rule by the many or the common people
Democracy
What are the three classes that the spartan society consisted of
The ruling class
The middle class
The helots (slaves)
What was the chief accomplishment of Sparta
The formation of the Peloponnesian League
Who was chosen from he royal family to be “chief” in Athens
archon
Who was chosen to give the Athenians a code of law?
Draco
Noble that was elected archon in 594 B.C.
Solon
Who became the first tyrant of Athens? What year?
Peisistratus; 560 B.C.
In 508 B.C. , two decades after Peisistratus’s death, who became the new champion of the common people in Athens
Cleisthenes
Q
A practice by which a quorum of citizens could vote to banish for 10 years any person believed to be dangerous to the state
Ostracism
Who is believed to have introduced the practice of ostracism?
Cleisthenes
Athenian democracy was brought to its fullest measure by the statesman ……
Pericles
In a modern ……. ………, the citizens elect a few men who represent them in the government
Representative democracy
Democracy in which citizens made the big decisions of government directly themselves, not indirectly through representatives
Direct democracy
What is the age of Pericles often referred to as?
“Golden Age of Greece”
Because Athens expected more trouble from the Persians, they formed the …… …….
Delian League
Who fought in the Peloponnesian War?
Athens and Sparta
What are the years for the Peloponnesian War?
431 B.C. - 404 B.C.
By …. B.C., ….. had lost their naval power and was forced to surrender to ……
404; Athens; Sparta
Who defeated Sparta in 371 B.C.
Thebes
Who is the hero in the Iliad and the Odyssey
Odysseus
What did Pericles do?
He paid people to be in the government
What did the Greeks consider the Macedonians
Barbarians
Who became king of Macedonia in 359 B.C.
Phillip II
Athenian orator that urged his fellow Greeks to unite against the Macedonian threat
Desmothenes
A Greek city-states organized by Phillip
Hellenic league
Who succeeded the Macedonian throne after Phillip’s death
His son, Alexander the Great
What year did Alexander cross the Hellespont to begin his conquest of the mighty Persian Empire
334 B.C.
What did Alexander the Great name 16 of the Greek cities he built?
Alexandria
What was Alexander the Great’s most lasting contribution to world history
His spreading of Greek culture
Which battle divided Alexander’s empire among four generals who declared themselves as kings?
Ipsus
What three ruling dynasties came out of Alexander’s empire? What areas did each dynasty rule?
The Ptolemis (Egypt)
The Seleucids (Syria)
The Antigonids (Macedonia and Greece)
Who was Alexander the Great’s private tutor
Aristotle
What period of Greek History took place between 700 B.C. And 338 B.C.
Hellenistic Age
Who summed up the Greek’s humanistic way of thinking? What was his statement?
Protagoras; “Man is the measure of all things”
A well-education slave charged with a Greek boy’s manners and morals
Pedagogue
Greatest Athenian temple dedicated to the goddess of Athens, Athena
Parthenon
The Greek “Father of History”
Herodotus
The first great Greek poet who wrote epic poetry
Homer
Legendary Greek writer who was a freed slave living in the sixth century
Aesop
A brief story used ti teach a moral
Fable
Who developed the two greatest Greek tragedies Oedipus Rex and Antigone
Sophocles
Famous comic dramatist who used his plays to satirize political and cultural life in Athens
Aristophanes
What was the Greeks’ important contribution to science
Natural Philosophy
Who discovered important mathematical concepts still used in geometry
Pythagoras
Who developed a theory that all matter is composed of individual atoms
Democritus
The Greek “Father of medicine”
Hippocrates
A high code of ethics still taken by many medical school graduates today. Who made it?
Hippocratic Oath; Hippocrates
“Lovers of wisdom”
Philosophers
Early name for philosophers
Sophists
Those that believe that there are no absolute truth
Relativists
Ultimate foundational truths
Absolutes
What was Socrates’ question in approach to philosophy
“What is the best way to live?”
Student of Socrates that was inspired to write 30 or more worlds of philosophy
Plato
Work written by Plato attempting to show how man could have order in society and in his soul
The Republic
Student of Plato; what did he conclude?
Aristotle; he concluded that the order of the universe must have come from God
What did Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle end up doing because they didn’t have a proper of understanding of God
They erred and placed man at the center of all things
What is he last remnant of Alexander’s empire in 30 B.C. called?
Hellenistic Age
Who founded the school of philosophy known as Stoicism?
Zeno
Who taught that the highest good of man was to live a life of calm pleasure regulated by morality, temperance, serenity, and personal development
Epicurus
Astronomer that proposed that the earth revolves around the sun
Aristarchus of Samos
Who systematized the theorems of plane geometry?
Euclid
Who formulated the basic principles of trigonometry
Hipparchus
Who made important contributions to mathematics, engineering, physics
Archimedes
Who calculated the circumference of the earth with accuracy
Erastosthenes of Cyrene
Who left behind him 17 volumes of geography
Strabo
Used to write such modern Slavic languages such as Russian, Bulgarian
Cyrillic alphabet
The writing system of the Western world
Alphabet
Common Greek
Koine
Which of Greece’s great philosophers was forced to commit suicide for denying the existence of the Greek gods
Socrates
T/F the Stoics emphasized worldly pleasure and indulgence
Epicureans
Who is the famous Greek writer of fables
Aesop
What type of Greek is the Old Testament written in
Koine
