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World History > World History Chapter 7 > Flashcards

World History Chapter 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is on the east side of the Balkan Peninsula

A

The Black Sea and the Aegean Sea

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2
Q

What is on the west of the Balkan Peninsula

A

Ionian Sea

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3
Q

What are two prominent regions of ancient Greece

A

Attica and Pelopesus

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4
Q

What is the earliest civilization within Greece

A

Aegean Civilization

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5
Q

Group of people on the island of Crete that developed the first important European civilization after the Flood

A

The Minoans

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6
Q

How did the Minoans become known to modern historians

A

When Sir Arthur Evans uncovered the palace of the legendary King Minos at Knossos in A.D. 1900

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7
Q

Group of people that inhabited the Greek mainland of Mycenae

A

The Mycenaeans

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8
Q

Who overthrew the Mycenaeans?

A

The Dorians

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9
Q

Many of the Mycenaeans escaped to Asia Minor and Attica where they became known as …….

A

Ionians

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10
Q

Greeks of classical times who made great contributions to Western Civilization

A

Hellenes

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11
Q

Singing poet that had great influence on the Greeks

A

Homer

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12
Q

What are the two famous epic poems written by Homer

A

Iliad and Odyssey

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13
Q

The chief and father of the gods, (Greek religion) that is associated with thunder and lightning

A

Zeus

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14
Q

According to Homer, where did the Greek gods live?

A

On Mt. Olympus

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15
Q

The invincible Greek warrior made up by Homer in the Iliad

A

Achilles

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16
Q

Tribes and villages joined to form the …. or city

A

Polis

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17
Q

What differentiated the heroes and the gods

A

The heroes were mortal

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18
Q

Greek Marketplace, a busy concourse of commerce, conversation, and debate

A

agora

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19
Q

Greek place of physical training and games of skill

A

Gymnasium

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20
Q

Greek outdoor theater

A

Amphitheater

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21
Q

What did the Greeks refer to those who didn’t speak the Greek language

A

Barbarians

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22
Q

Greek event held every fourth year at Olympia in honor of Zeus

A

Olympic Games

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23
Q

What was the first year of the Olympic Games according to the Greek calendar?

A

776 B.C.

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24
Q

What is the period between Olympics called?

A

Olympiad

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25
Q

which countries fought in the Greco-Persian war?

A

Greece and Persia

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26
Q

Persian king that crushed the Ionian revolt and demanded that the mainland Greeks submit to him

A

Darius I

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27
Q

What are the cities that refused to surrender to Darius’s command

A

Athens, Eretria, and Sparta

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28
Q

What year did the Greco-Persian Wars start/end

A

490 B.C.- 479 B.C.

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29
Q

After quickly defeating Eretria, the Persians landed at ……. , about a day’s March northeast of Athens

A

Marathon

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30
Q

What did the Battle of Marathon prove

A

It proved that the Persians could be defeated
It brought great prestige to Athens

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31
Q

Who was determined to conquer Greece ten years after Marathon

A

Xerxes I, Darius’s son

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32
Q

A narrow mountain pass in the central Greece near the Aegean Sea

A

Thermopylae

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33
Q

Who was the Spartan leader during the Battle of Thermopylae

A

Leonidas

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34
Q

Where had the citizens been evacuated when the Persians had arrived at Athens?

A

The Island of Salamis

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35
Q

Greek navy that tricked Xerxes into fighting a naval battle in the narrow strait between the mainland and the island of Salamis

A

Themistocles

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36
Q

What is the first naval battle in history

A

The Battle of Salamis

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37
Q

In which battle were the Persians finally defeated? In which year?

A

The Battle of Plataea; 479 B.C.

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38
Q

What was considered a turning point in world history?

A

Xerxes’s defeat to Greece

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39
Q

Which two Greek city-states led in the war against the Persians

A

Sparta and Athens

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40
Q

“Rule by one”

A

Monarchy

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41
Q

The Greek
monarch was advised by the …… and the ……..

A

Council of Elders ; Assembly

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42
Q

The first people in world history to reject one-man rule

A

The Greeks

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43
Q

Rule by the “best”

A

Aristocracy

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44
Q

“Rule by the few rich”

A

Oligarchy

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45
Q

“Rule by one man who has seized power by rebellion and insurrection”

A

Tyranny

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46
Q

Rule by the many or the common people

A

Democracy

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47
Q

What are the three classes that the spartan society consisted of

A

The ruling class
The middle class
The helots (slaves)

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48
Q

What was the chief accomplishment of Sparta

A

The formation of the Peloponnesian League

49
Q

Who was chosen from he royal family to be “chief” in Athens

A

archon

50
Q

Who was chosen to give the Athenians a code of law?

A

Draco

51
Q

Noble that was elected archon in 594 B.C.

A

Solon

52
Q

Who became the first tyrant of Athens? What year?

A

Peisistratus; 560 B.C.

53
Q

In 508 B.C. , two decades after Peisistratus’s death, who became the new champion of the common people in Athens

A

Cleisthenes

54
Q
A

Q

55
Q

A practice by which a quorum of citizens could vote to banish for 10 years any person believed to be dangerous to the state

A

Ostracism

56
Q

Who is believed to have introduced the practice of ostracism?

A

Cleisthenes

57
Q

Athenian democracy was brought to its fullest measure by the statesman ……

A

Pericles

58
Q

In a modern ……. ………, the citizens elect a few men who represent them in the government

A

Representative democracy

59
Q

Democracy in which citizens made the big decisions of government directly themselves, not indirectly through representatives

A

Direct democracy

60
Q

What is the age of Pericles often referred to as?

A

“Golden Age of Greece”

61
Q

Because Athens expected more trouble from the Persians, they formed the …… …….

A

Delian League

62
Q

Who fought in the Peloponnesian War?

A

Athens and Sparta

63
Q

What are the years for the Peloponnesian War?

A

431 B.C. - 404 B.C.

64
Q

By …. B.C., ….. had lost their naval power and was forced to surrender to ……

A

404; Athens; Sparta

65
Q

Who defeated Sparta in 371 B.C.

A

Thebes

66
Q

Who is the hero in the Iliad and the Odyssey

A

Odysseus

67
Q

What did Pericles do?

A

He paid people to be in the government

68
Q

What did the Greeks consider the Macedonians

A

Barbarians

69
Q

Who became king of Macedonia in 359 B.C.

A

Phillip II

70
Q

Athenian orator that urged his fellow Greeks to unite against the Macedonian threat

A

Desmothenes

71
Q

A Greek city-states organized by Phillip

A

Hellenic league

72
Q

Who succeeded the Macedonian throne after Phillip’s death

A

His son, Alexander the Great

73
Q

What year did Alexander cross the Hellespont to begin his conquest of the mighty Persian Empire

A

334 B.C.

74
Q

What did Alexander the Great name 16 of the Greek cities he built?

A

Alexandria

75
Q

What was Alexander the Great’s most lasting contribution to world history

A

His spreading of Greek culture

76
Q

Which battle divided Alexander’s empire among four generals who declared themselves as kings?

A

Ipsus

77
Q

What three ruling dynasties came out of Alexander’s empire? What areas did each dynasty rule?

A

The Ptolemis (Egypt)
The Seleucids (Syria)
The Antigonids (Macedonia and Greece)

78
Q

Who was Alexander the Great’s private tutor

A

Aristotle

79
Q

What period of Greek History took place between 700 B.C. And 338 B.C.

A

Hellenistic Age

80
Q

Who summed up the Greek’s humanistic way of thinking? What was his statement?

A

Protagoras; “Man is the measure of all things”

81
Q

A well-education slave charged with a Greek boy’s manners and morals

A

Pedagogue

82
Q

Greatest Athenian temple dedicated to the goddess of Athens, Athena

A

Parthenon

83
Q

The Greek “Father of History”

A

Herodotus

84
Q

The first great Greek poet who wrote epic poetry

A

Homer

85
Q

Legendary Greek writer who was a freed slave living in the sixth century

A

Aesop

86
Q

A brief story used ti teach a moral

A

Fable

87
Q

Who developed the two greatest Greek tragedies Oedipus Rex and Antigone

A

Sophocles

88
Q

Famous comic dramatist who used his plays to satirize political and cultural life in Athens

A

Aristophanes

89
Q

What was the Greeks’ important contribution to science

A

Natural Philosophy

90
Q

Who discovered important mathematical concepts still used in geometry

A

Pythagoras

91
Q

Who developed a theory that all matter is composed of individual atoms

A

Democritus

92
Q

The Greek “Father of medicine”

A

Hippocrates

93
Q

A high code of ethics still taken by many medical school graduates today. Who made it?

A

Hippocratic Oath; Hippocrates

94
Q

“Lovers of wisdom”

A

Philosophers

95
Q

Early name for philosophers

A

Sophists

96
Q

Those that believe that there are no absolute truth

A

Relativists

97
Q

Ultimate foundational truths

A

Absolutes

98
Q

What was Socrates’ question in approach to philosophy

A

“What is the best way to live?”

99
Q

Student of Socrates that was inspired to write 30 or more worlds of philosophy

A

Plato

100
Q

Work written by Plato attempting to show how man could have order in society and in his soul

A

The Republic

101
Q

Student of Plato; what did he conclude?

A

Aristotle; he concluded that the order of the universe must have come from God

102
Q

What did Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle end up doing because they didn’t have a proper of understanding of God

A

They erred and placed man at the center of all things

103
Q

What is he last remnant of Alexander’s empire in 30 B.C. called?

A

Hellenistic Age

104
Q

Who founded the school of philosophy known as Stoicism?

A

Zeno

105
Q

Who taught that the highest good of man was to live a life of calm pleasure regulated by morality, temperance, serenity, and personal development

A

Epicurus

106
Q

Astronomer that proposed that the earth revolves around the sun

A

Aristarchus of Samos

107
Q

Who systematized the theorems of plane geometry?

A

Euclid

108
Q

Who formulated the basic principles of trigonometry

A

Hipparchus

109
Q

Who made important contributions to mathematics, engineering, physics

A

Archimedes

110
Q

Who calculated the circumference of the earth with accuracy

A

Erastosthenes of Cyrene

111
Q

Who left behind him 17 volumes of geography

A

Strabo

112
Q

Used to write such modern Slavic languages such as Russian, Bulgarian

A

Cyrillic alphabet

113
Q

The writing system of the Western world

A

Alphabet

114
Q

Common Greek

A

Koine

115
Q

Which of Greece’s great philosophers was forced to commit suicide for denying the existence of the Greek gods

A

Socrates

116
Q

T/F the Stoics emphasized worldly pleasure and indulgence

A

Epicureans

117
Q

Who is the famous Greek writer of fables

A

Aesop

118
Q

What type of Greek is the Old Testament written in

A

Koine

World History (11 decks)

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