World History Chapter 7 Flashcards
1
Q
What is on the east side of the Balkan Peninsula
A
The Black Sea and the Aegean Sea
2
Q
What is on the west of the Balkan Peninsula
A
Ionian Sea
3
Q
What are two prominent regions of ancient Greece
A
Attica and Pelopesus
4
Q
What is the earliest civilization within Greece
A
Aegean Civilization
5
Q
Group of people on the island of Crete that developed the first important European civilization after the Flood
A
The Minoans
6
Q
How did the Minoans become known to modern historians
A
When Sir Arthur Evans uncovered the palace of the legendary King Minos at Knossos in A.D. 1900
7
Q
Group of people that inhabited the Greek mainland of Mycenae
A
The Mycenaeans
8
Q
Who overthrew the Mycenaeans?
A
The Dorians
9
Q
Many of the Mycenaeans escaped to Asia Minor and Attica where they became known as …….
A
Ionians
10
Q
Greeks of classical times who made great contributions to Western Civilization
A
Hellenes
11
Q
Singing poet that had great influence on the Greeks
A
Homer
12
Q
What are the two famous epic poems written by Homer
A
Iliad and Odyssey
13
Q
The chief and father of the gods, (Greek religion) that is associated with thunder and lightning
A
Zeus
14
Q
According to Homer, where did the Greek gods live?
A
On Mt. Olympus
15
Q
The invincible Greek warrior made up by Homer in the Iliad
A
Achilles
16
Q
Tribes and villages joined to form the …. or city
A
Polis
17
Q
What differentiated the heroes and the gods
A
The heroes were mortal
18
Q
Greek Marketplace, a busy concourse of commerce, conversation, and debate
A
agora
19
Q
Greek place of physical training and games of skill
A
Gymnasium
20
Q
Greek outdoor theater
A
Amphitheater
21
Q
What did the Greeks refer to those who didn’t speak the Greek language
A
Barbarians
22
Q
Greek event held every fourth year at Olympia in honor of Zeus
A
Olympic Games
23
Q
What was the first year of the Olympic Games according to the Greek calendar?
A
776 B.C.
24
Q
What is the period between Olympics called?
A
Olympiad
25
which countries fought in the Greco-Persian war?
Greece and Persia
26
Persian king that crushed the Ionian revolt and demanded that the mainland Greeks submit to him
Darius I
27
What are the cities that refused to surrender to Darius’s command
Athens, Eretria, and Sparta
28
What year did the Greco-Persian Wars start/end
490 B.C.- 479 B.C.
29
After quickly defeating Eretria, the Persians landed at ……. , about a day’s March northeast of Athens
Marathon
30
What did the Battle of Marathon prove
It proved that the Persians could be defeated
It brought great prestige to Athens
31
Who was determined to conquer Greece ten years after Marathon
Xerxes I, Darius’s son
32
A narrow mountain pass in the central Greece near the Aegean Sea
Thermopylae
33
Who was the Spartan leader during the Battle of Thermopylae
Leonidas
34
Where had the citizens been evacuated when the Persians had arrived at Athens?
The Island of Salamis
35
Greek navy that tricked Xerxes into fighting a naval battle in the narrow strait between the mainland and the island of Salamis
Themistocles
36
What is the first naval battle in history
The Battle of Salamis
37
In which battle were the Persians finally defeated? In which year?
The Battle of Plataea; 479 B.C.
38
What was considered a turning point in world history?
Xerxes's defeat to Greece
39
Which two Greek city-states led in the war against the Persians
Sparta and Athens
40
“Rule by one”
Monarchy
41
The Greek
monarch was advised by the …… and the ……..
Council of Elders ; Assembly
42
The first people in world history to reject one-man rule
The Greeks
43
Rule by the “best”
Aristocracy
44
“Rule by the few rich”
Oligarchy
45
“Rule by one man who has seized power by rebellion and insurrection”
Tyranny
46
Rule by the many or the common people
Democracy
47
What are the three classes that the spartan society consisted of
The ruling class
The middle class
The helots (slaves)
48
What was the chief accomplishment of Sparta
The formation of the Peloponnesian League
49
Who was chosen from he royal family to be “chief” in Athens
archon
50
Who was chosen to give the Athenians a code of law?
Draco
51
Noble that was elected archon in 594 B.C.
Solon
52
Who became the first tyrant of Athens? What year?
Peisistratus; 560 B.C.
53
In 508 B.C. , two decades after Peisistratus’s death, who became the new champion of the common people in Athens
Cleisthenes
54
Q
55
A practice by which a quorum of citizens could vote to banish for 10 years any person believed to be dangerous to the state
Ostracism
56
Who is believed to have introduced the practice of ostracism?
Cleisthenes
57
Athenian democracy was brought to its fullest measure by the statesman ……
Pericles
58
In a modern ……. ………, the citizens elect a few men who represent them in the government
Representative democracy
59
Democracy in which citizens made the big decisions of government directly themselves, not indirectly through representatives
Direct democracy
60
What is the age of Pericles often referred to as?
“Golden Age of Greece”
61
Because Athens expected more trouble from the Persians, they formed the …… …….
Delian League
62
Who fought in the Peloponnesian War?
Athens and Sparta
63
What are the years for the Peloponnesian War?
431 B.C. - 404 B.C.
64
By …. B.C., ….. had lost their naval power and was forced to surrender to ……
404; Athens; Sparta
65
Who defeated Sparta in 371 B.C.
Thebes
66
Who is the hero in the Iliad and the Odyssey
Odysseus
67
What did Pericles do?
He paid people to be in the government
68
What did the Greeks consider the Macedonians
Barbarians
69
Who became king of Macedonia in 359 B.C.
Phillip II
70
Athenian orator that urged his fellow Greeks to unite against the Macedonian threat
Desmothenes
71
A Greek city-states organized by Phillip
Hellenic league
72
Who succeeded the Macedonian throne after Phillip’s death
His son, Alexander the Great
73
What year did Alexander cross the Hellespont to begin his conquest of the mighty Persian Empire
334 B.C.
74
What did Alexander the Great name 16 of the Greek cities he built?
Alexandria
75
What was Alexander the Great’s most lasting contribution to world history
His spreading of Greek culture
76
Which battle divided Alexander’s empire among four generals who declared themselves as kings?
Ipsus
77
What three ruling dynasties came out of Alexander’s empire? What areas did each dynasty rule?
The Ptolemis (Egypt)
The Seleucids (Syria)
The Antigonids (Macedonia and Greece)
78
Who was Alexander the Great’s private tutor
Aristotle
79
What period of Greek History took place between 700 B.C. And 338 B.C.
Hellenistic Age
80
Who summed up the Greek’s humanistic way of thinking? What was his statement?
Protagoras; “Man is the measure of all things”
81
A well-education slave charged with a Greek boy’s manners and morals
Pedagogue
82
Greatest Athenian temple dedicated to the goddess of Athens, Athena
Parthenon
83
The Greek “Father of History”
Herodotus
84
The first great Greek poet who wrote epic poetry
Homer
85
Legendary Greek writer who was a freed slave living in the sixth century
Aesop
86
A brief story used ti teach a moral
Fable
87
Who developed the two greatest Greek tragedies Oedipus Rex and Antigone
Sophocles
88
Famous comic dramatist who used his plays to satirize political and cultural life in Athens
Aristophanes
89
What was the Greeks’ important contribution to science
Natural Philosophy
90
Who discovered important mathematical concepts still used in geometry
Pythagoras
91
Who developed a theory that all matter is composed of individual atoms
Democritus
92
The Greek “Father of medicine”
Hippocrates
93
A high code of ethics still taken by many medical school graduates today. Who made it?
Hippocratic Oath; Hippocrates
94
“Lovers of wisdom”
Philosophers
95
Early name for philosophers
Sophists
96
Those that believe that there are no absolute truth
Relativists
97
Ultimate foundational truths
Absolutes
98
What was Socrates’ question in approach to philosophy
“What is the best way to live?”
99
Student of Socrates that was inspired to write 30 or more worlds of philosophy
Plato
100
Work written by Plato attempting to show how man could have order in society and in his soul
The Republic
101
Student of Plato; what did he conclude?
Aristotle; he concluded that the order of the universe must have come from God
102
What did Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle end up doing because they didn’t have a proper of understanding of God
They erred and placed man at the center of all things
103
What is he last remnant of Alexander’s empire in 30 B.C. called?
Hellenistic Age
104
Who founded the school of philosophy known as Stoicism?
Zeno
105
Who taught that the highest good of man was to live a life of calm pleasure regulated by morality, temperance, serenity, and personal development
Epicurus
106
Astronomer that proposed that the earth revolves around the sun
Aristarchus of Samos
107
Who systematized the theorems of plane geometry?
Euclid
108
Who formulated the basic principles of trigonometry
Hipparchus
109
Who made important contributions to mathematics, engineering, physics
Archimedes
110
Who calculated the circumference of the earth with accuracy
Erastosthenes of Cyrene
111
Who left behind him 17 volumes of geography
Strabo
112
Used to write such modern Slavic languages such as Russian, Bulgarian
Cyrillic alphabet
113
The writing system of the Western world
Alphabet
114
Common Greek
Koine
115
Which of Greece’s great philosophers was forced to commit suicide for denying the existence of the Greek gods
Socrates
116
T/F the Stoics emphasized worldly pleasure and indulgence
Epicureans
117
Who is the famous Greek writer of fables
Aesop
118
What type of Greek is the Old Testament written in
Koine
