WORKS OF SEAS

Question 1

• large bodies of saltwater that cover about 71% of the Earth’s surface.
• significantly influence the design and construction of infrastructure along coastlines and in
  offshore environments.

Answer 1

SEAS

Question 2

TYPES OF SEAS

Answer 2

• MARGINAL SEAS
• INTERCONTINENTAL SEAS
• ENCLOSED SEAS

Question 3

located along the continental margins and are separated from the open ocean by islands or
narrow straits.

Answer 3

MARGINAL SEAS

Question 4

located between two continents, such as the Mediterranean Sea.

Answer 4

INTERCONTINENTAL SEAS

Question 5

like the Red Sea or the Persian Gulf, are surrounded by land on three sides. Inland seas, like
the Caspian Sea, are in landlocked regions.

Answer 5

ENCLOSED SEAS

Question 6

GEOLOGY OF SEAS

Answer 6

• EROSION
• DEPOSITION
• TECTONIC ACTIVITY

Question 7

is a process by which waves and currents wear away the coastline and remove sediments. This
can lead to changes in the shape of coastlines, as well as the loss of sediment that can act as
a natural buffer against waves and storm surges. Erosion can also expose previously buried
geological features, such as faults or unconformities.

Answer 7

EROSION

Question 8

is the opposite of erosion and occurs when sediments are added to the coastline. This can be
a natural process, such as when rivers deposit sediment at the mouth of the river, or it can be
the result of human activities, such as dredging. Deposition can alter the shape and
composition of coastlines and can also impact the stability of structures built on top of
deposited sediments.

Answer 8

DEPOSITION

Question 9

such as earthquakes or volcanic eruptions, can also impact the geology of seas. These
processes can cause changes in the sea floor, alter the position of coastlines, and lead to the
formation of new geological features, such as submarine canyons or seamounts.

Answer 9

TECTONIC ACTIVITY

Question 10

the process by which the shoreline is gradually worn away by the actions of waves, storms,
and human activities. This erosion can have significant impacts on coastal infrastructure,
including buildings, roads, and harbors, and can also lead to the loss of beaches and habitats.

Answer 10

COASTAL EROSION

Question 11

CAUSES OF COASTAL EROSION:

Answer 11

• Wave action - Waves continually crash into the shore and can cause erosion over time.
• Storms - Severe storms can produce high waves and strong winds that cause significant erosion.
• Human activities - such as beach mining, coastal construction, and the destruction of coastal
  vegetation can contribute to erosion.

Question 12

EFFECTS COASTAL EROSION

Answer 12

✓ Loss of beaches and coastal habitats
✓ Damage to coastal infrastructure
✓ Increased vulnerability to storm
✓ surges and flooding

Question 13

ENGINEERING MEASURES TO PREVENT COASTAL EROSION:

Answer 13

Seawalls
Breakwaters
Beach Nourishment

Question 14

Seawalls are walls built parallel to the shoreline to protect the land behind them from wave action. They are typically made of concrete, steel, or stone.

Answer 14

Seawalls

Question 15

structures built offshore to protect the coast from wave action. They can be made of concrete,
steel, or stone and are designed to dissipate wave energy before it reaches the shoreline.

Answer 15

Breakwaters

Question 16

is the process of adding sand or other sediment to a beach to replenish sand that has been
lost due to erosion. This is often done through dredging and can help maintain the natural
coastline.

Answer 16

Beach Nourishment