Workers Flashcards
Under the Tsars how did communication with the West affect workers?
Spread political ideas
Why did the sudden influx of workers 1890-1900 cause discontent?
- not enough adequate services
- lack of accommodation
- lowered wages
What caused the depression in 1903?
Fall in trade and lower national income reduced the flow of capital from the state
What was the condition of workers in 1911?
- 11 hour days
- poor living conditions e.g. 2 story wooden shacks without drainage or water supplies
In later Tsarist times what did urban centres provide?
Markets with consumer goods
When was there a Cholera outbreak?
1896
What were disciplines like in factories under the Tsars?
Hard = fines and beatings
What was the late Tsarist period a golden age for?
literature, music, theatre and ballet
During WWI how much of the workforce were conscripted?
40%
By 1919 how many factor, building and railway workers were there?
Factory = 76% on the 1917 figure Building = 66% Railway = 63%
How much did the industrial population fall by from 1918-1920?
1918 = 3m 1920 = 1.2m
How did the FYP effect workers lives?
Created new disciplines, a new culture and an unprecedented level of disruption
How did the FYP effect workers conditions?
- changes in working practice e.g. piece work
- propaganda use to encourage production
- had to achieve targets
- growth in technology
How was the power of the state deployed more directly in 1928?
Punishments were harsher, failures could be seen to be a betrayal to socialism = pressures were greater
What was a new feature of industrialisation in Soviet times?
Slave labour
- e.g. Belomor Canal was constructed using mostly slave labour
