Industry Flashcards
When was Reutern finance minister?
1864-78
Under Reutern what were the foreign investments?
British - textiles, shops
German - finance
What developments in engineering were there under Reutern?
Textiles, banking and railways
Under Reutern what percentage of the population were employed in transport/industry and how much GNP did this produce?
- 20% of the population
- 10% of GNP
By 1870 how much had exports increased?
60%
How many businesses were registered on the stock market in 1870s and 1880s?
1870s = 256 1880s = 350
What caused Reutern’s period to not be very successful?
European downturn in 1870s + harvest failures
- Population in industry still small
- Not much capital generated
= industrial growth not consistent/slow
When was Witte finance minister?
1892-1903
What was Witte’s main development?
Railways - Trans-Siberian Railway
How did Witte feel about Tsardom?
Wanted industrialisation to promote and strengthen the traditions of Russia
What type of industry did Witte favour?
Large scale:
- Stimulated steel and coal production
What were the figures for pig iron production in 1890 and 1900?
1890 = 56m puds 1900 = 179m puds
What did Witte’s industrialisation rely on?
Foreign loans
How did the State pay interest on loans under Witte?
- Had to export grain at all times = even in famine
- Increase taxation
- Impose tariffs
What was the average growth rate under Witte?
8%
What did the Russian Association of Trade and Industry call for in 1906?
Greater state planning
What products were produced 1900-1914?
A diverse range:
- Cars, rubber, medical equipment etc
What was the population of St Petersburg in 1900 and 1914?
1900: 1m
1914: 2.25m
Between 1881-1897 what percentage of the population emigrated to the cities?
15%