Duma

Question 1

How was the Duma elected?

Answer 1

By Electoral Colleges whose representative were also elected

Question 2

What could the Duma do in theory?

Answer 2

Could veto legislation but had no control over Council of ministers and very little over finance

Question 3

When was the 1st Duma in session?

Answer 3

April-June 1906

Question 4

What was the composition of the 1st Duma?

Answer 4

• Left + moderate reps

- Peasant and ethnic reps

Question 5

What were the issues and legislation of the 1st Duma?

Answer 5

• Right of Duma v. right of Tsar

- Angry over Fundamental Laws

Question 6

Why was the 1st Duma dismissed?

Answer 6

Due to conflict with NII

Question 7

What were the consequences of the 1st Duma?

Answer 7

• Stolypin’s repression
• Kadet + SRs issued an appeal to defy authority
• Kadets became more moderate

Question 8

When was the 2nd Duma in session?

Answer 8

February - June 1907

Question 9

What was the composition of the 2nd Duma?

Answer 9

• Few more Octoberists

- SRs and SDs stronger

Question 10

What were the issues and legislation of the 2nd Duma?

Answer 10

• Kadets cooperated with government

- Stolypin’s agrarian reforms

Question 11

Why was the 2nd Duma dismissed?

Answer 11

Due to being accused of plotting against the Tsar

Question 12

What were the consequences of the 2nd Duma?

Answer 12

• Stolypin used article 87 to ensure more right wing reps

- Only 1/6 of the population could vote = peasants and workers virtually excluded

Question 13

When was the 3rd Duma in session?

Answer 13

November 1907 - June 1912

Question 14

What was the composition of the 3rd Duma?

Answer 14

• Massive shift to the right

- Bolshevik contingent

Question 15

What were the issues and legislation of the 3rd Duma?

Answer 15

• Stolypin’s land reforms
• Conflict over Western Zemstva
• Still critical of the Tsar

Question 16

Why was the 3rd Duma dismissed?

Answer 16

Due to prorogued Stolypin’s Western Zemstva bill

Question 17

What were the consequences of the 3rd Duma?

Answer 17

• Tsarism looked to have achieved democracy

- In reality no longer representative of the people

Question 18

When was the 4th Duma in session?

Answer 18

November 1912 - June 1914

Question 19

What was the composition of the 4th Duma?

Answer 19

Same as the 3rd

Question 20

Why was the 4th Duma dismissed?

Answer 20

Self-dissolved due to WW1 = showing patriotic support for the Tsar

Question 21

What were the consequences of the 4th Duma?

Answer 21

• Reconvened in 1915
• Wanted the Tsar to create a Duma of national self-confidence = Nicholas refused
• Creation of progressive bloc

Question 22

What were the Fundamental Laws 1906?

Answer 22

Tsar had ‘supreme autocratic powers’:

- Article 87 = Tsar can issue decrees in emergencies

Question 23

How was the Imperial Council selected?

Answer 23

50% appoint by Tsar + 50% by the wealthier classes

Question 24

How did the Duma form opposition?

Answer 24

• Kadets = wanted further political reform
• Octoborists = more conservative
• SRs and SDs
  BUT most liberal intelligenca not ready for reform

Question 25

When was Stolypin PM?

Answer 25

1906-11

Question 26

What were Stolypin’s Agrarian reforms?

Answer 26

• Peasants had greater freedom of movement

- Could opt out of the Mir = encouraged to set up own farm rather than strip farm Khutor and Otrub farms

Question 27

How did Stolypin use repression?

Answer 27

Believed in control and death of those who undermined the status quo:

• Violent repression in countryside
• Closing of TUs and newspapers

Question 28

When was Stolypin assassinated?

Answer 28

1911