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History > Bolshevik Consolidation of Power 1917-24 > Flashcards

Bolshevik Consolidation of Power 1917-24 Flashcards

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1
Q

What was Trotsky position in government in October 1917?

A

Commissar of Foreign Affairs

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2
Q

What did Lenin claim the October Revolution was?

A

A taking of power by the soviets

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3
Q

What was state capitalism?

A

The transitional stage of using the existing economic structures until the transition to a command economy had been completed

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4
Q

What was the level of industrial production in 1917?

A

2/3rds of its 1914 level

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5
Q

How short were grain supplies compared to the demand in 1917?

A

13m tons short

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6
Q

What was Vesenkha?

A

Set up ‘to take charge of all existing institutions for the regulation of economic life’

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7
Q

What initial developments did Vesenkha make?

A
  • Banks and railway were nationalised
  • Foreign debts were cancelled
  • Transport system made less chaotic
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8
Q

How did the Bolsheviks fair in the Constitute Assembly election results?

A

Outvoted nearly 2 to 1 by the SRs

= 24% of vote

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9
Q

What was Lenin’s justification for shutting down the CA?

A

Claimed its original reason for creation had already been achieved by the creation of a Soviet government in October 1917

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10
Q

What were Lenin’s reasons for withdrawing from the war?

A
  • ideological
  • no real benefit for Russia to remain in
  • Russia could not match Germany - little resources
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11
Q

What did the Left Communists believe?

A

Were convinced that their first task was to consolidate the revolution by driving the German imperialists from Russia

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12
Q

What did Russia loose after the ToBL?

A
  • 1/3 of its European lands
  • the 45m people in these lands
  • Had to pay 3b roubles in reparation payments
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13
Q

Why did Lenin not want to form a coalition?

A
  • Made a successful counter revolution easier to mount

- Bolsheviks would have been unable to dominate in government

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14
Q

How much had Petrograd workforce shrunk by June 1918 due to hunger?

A

60% - overall population had decline from 3 to 2m

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15
Q

Why had the Left-SRs been driven from government?

A

Due to their refusal to accept ToBL

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16
Q

How divided were the Whites?

A

Many different groups formed all over Russia e.g. White army in Siberia and other groups in Estonia etc

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17
Q

How did the Bolsheviks keep themselves supplied during the civil war?

A

Due to their desperate fight to maintain control of the railways

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18
Q

What are 3 reasons why the Whites lost?

A
  • divided
  • lacked leaders with quality such as Trotsky
  • had no united aim
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19
Q

What were the Reds strengths?

A
  • controlled central areas as well as Petrograd and Moscow
  • held industrial centres
  • Whites were depended on supplies from abroad
  • Red army was extremely well organised
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20
Q

What was Trotsky’s strategy during the civil war?

A
  • defend red army’s internal lines of communication
  • deny the whites the opportunity to concentrate in large forces
  • prevent the whites maintain regular supplies
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21
Q

How did the Reds gain troops?

A

Offered defeated enemy troops either enlistment or execution

22
Q

Why did the Reds loose the sympathy of the peasants?

A

Due to war communism

23
Q

How did the civil war effect members of the party?

A

It created a tradition of military obedience and loyalty

24
Q

How did the civil war lead to later authoritarianism?

A

It left the government with a readiness to resort to coercion, rule by administration and centralised administration

25
Q

How did the civil war lead to centralisation?

A

The war required day-to-day decisions to be made = power put in the hands of the politburo

26
Q

Who were the PG and the Bolsheviks funded by?

A 
PG = allies in the war
Bolsheviks = Germany
27
Q

What was one of the key reasons for anti-Bolshevism in the West?

A

Financial reasons = no intention of honouring foreign debts and nationalised a large number of foreign companies

28
Q

Why did countries within the Russian empire get involved with the civil war?

A

To gain independence

29
Q

What incidents contributed to the precedent of terror?

A
  • Assassination of the German ambassador by the SRs
  • Attempt on Lenin’s life
  • Murder of the Petrograd chairman of the Cheka
30
Q

How were the workers brought under military discipline in 1920?

A
  • forbidden to question orders
  • could not negotiate their rates or pay or conditions
  • could be severely punished for poor workmanship
31
Q

Who were political commissars?

A

Dedicated party workers whose function was to accompany the officers permanently and report on their political correctness

32
Q

During the civil war how many provinces of European Russia did the Bolsheviks hold

A

30/50

33
Q

Why did nationalisation under WC do nothing to increase production?

A
  • Imposed at a time of severe industrial disruption
  • military needs were given priority
  • factories deprived of man power
34
Q

How much coal was produced in 1913 compared to 1921?

A 
1913 = 29m tons
1921 = 8.9m tons
35
Q

Why did WC not produce any extra food?

A

Peasants knew any surplus would be taken so only produced the bare minimum
= Bolsheviks blamed in on hoarding

36
Q

How did the grain harvests in 1920-21 fair compared to 1913?

A

Less than half of what was gathered in 1913

37
Q

How many people did pravda report were starving by 1921?

A

1 in 5

38
Q

What was ARA?

A

America gave food supplies to Russia during the 1921 famine

39
Q

Why was the Kronstadt uprising surprising?

A

They were workers and soldiers who had initially been great supporters of the Bolsheviks
- want the Bolsheviks to return to the same promises that inspired the revolution

40
Q

What were the ring leaders of the Kronstadt rising classed as?

A

White reactionaries

41
Q

What did the Kronstadt rising lead to?

A

NEP = to lessen the opposition to Bolshevism

42
Q

What was a tax in kind under NEP?

A

The peasant surrendered a certain amount of produce, equivalent to a fixed sum of money

43
Q

What caused Lenin to introduce the ban on factions?

A

Opposition to the NEP

44
Q

What did the ban on factions ban?

A
  • opposition within the party

- all other parties apart from the Bolsheviks

45
Q

What did Bukharin believe about the NEP?

A

The greater amount of money the peasants would have would stimulate industry some their extra income would he spent on buying manufactured goods

46
Q

What was the grain harvest like in 1921 and 1924?

A 
1921 = 37m tons
1924 = 51m tons
47
Q

What was the value of factory output in 1921 and 1924?

A 
1921 = 2004m roubles
1924 = 4660m roubles
48
Q

What was the average wage in 1921 and 1924?

A 
1921 = 10 roubles a month
1924 = 20 roubles a month
49
Q

How had the NEP produced an economic balance?

A

Agriculture and trade were largely in private hands while the state dominated Russian industry

50
Q

How was the NEP not an entire success?

A

There was high unemployment in urban areas

History (37 decks)

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