Work Motivation

Question 1

What are characteristics of motivation ?

Answer 1

• Effort : how much
• Persistence : how long
• Direction : For what /quality
• Goals : What you want to achieve

Question 2

What is intrinsic motivation ?

Answer 2

• It usually stems from the direct relationship between the workers and the task
• Usually self applied , from inside
• Strong and stable impacts

Question 3

What is extrinsic motivation ?

Answer 3

• it usually stems from the work environment external to the task
• usually applied by others (managers) , from outside
• only work in certain situations , not long lasting

Question 4

What are the different types of theories for motivation?

Answer 4

• Need/content theories :
  
  • Focuses on the needs that must be met in order to motivate individuals
• Process theories :
  
  • Focuses on the underlying processes involved in motivating employees

Question 5

What are examples of need theories ?

Answer 5

• Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
• Alderfer’s ERG theory
• McClelland’s theory of needs
• Self-determination theory

Question 6

What are examples of process theories ?

Answer 6

• Goal setting theory
• Expectancy theory
• Equity theory

Question 7

What are the 5 needs described in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory ?

Answer 7

• Physiological needs
• Safety needs
• social needs
• esteem needs
• Self-actualization needs

Question 8

what is a difference between Maslow’s hierarchy theory in comparison to the ERG theory ?

Answer 8

• the ERG theory does not assume that a lower level need must be gratified before a less concrete need becomes operative

Question 9

What is the self determination theory ?

Answer 9

• It is a theory of motivation that considers whether peoples motivation is autonomous or controlled

Question 10

What is autonomous and controlled motivation?

Answer 10

• Autonomous motivation occurs when people are self motivated by intrinsic factors
• Controlled motivation occurs when people are motivated to obtain a desired consequence or extrinsic reward.

Question 11

Motivation is Autonomous when which 3 needs are met ?

Answer 11

1. Autonomy
2. Competence
3. Relatedness

Question 12

What is the expectancy theory of motivation ?

Answer 12

• This is when individuals are motivated to select a specific behaviour over other behaviours depending on what they expect the outcomes of the behaviours and how favourable the outcomes are

Question 13

What are the 3 factors in the expectancy theory of motivation ?

Answer 13

1. Expectancy : The probability that effort can result in behaviour/performance intended
2. instrumentality : the probability that the performance will be followed by a particular outcome
3. Valence : the subjective value of outcome

Question 14

What is equity theory ?

Answer 14

• It is when we compare the input (what do I put into a job ?) , with the outputs (what do I expect in return?) ?

Question 15

What are the core job characteristics of job characteristics model (JCM)?

Answer 15

• Skill variety : doing a variety of job activities using a variety of skills and talents
• Task identity : Involves doing a whole piece of work
• Task significance : A job can impact others/society
• Autonomy : Freedom to schedule work activities and decide work procedures
• Feedback from job : information about performances effectiveness