Work

Question 1

Define work…

Answer 1

A social construct

Question 2

Define nonwork

Answer 2

Little/no choice, no pay

Question 3

Define leisure

Answer 3

Social construct, pleasure

Question 4

What is the core economy?

Answer 4

Unpaid work, essential to the working of wider society.

Question 5

What is the formal economy

Answer 5

Paid labour

Question 6

What is the shadow economy?

Answer 6

Hidden from the state can be grey (cash in hand/legal work) or black (illegal).

Question 7

What is deindustrialisation? 50 years

Answer 7

A decline In Manufacturing

Question 8

Why has deindustrialisation occurred?

Answer 8

GLOBALISATION - ICT
Integration of world financial markets WFM
Growth of multi national corporations MNCs
Growth of foreign direct investment FDI

Question 9

What are the 4 processes of industrialisation?

Answer 9

Urbanisation, mechanisation, rationalisation and specialisation.

Question 10

What is urbanisation?

Answer 10

The growth of towns and cities

Question 11

What is mechanisation?

Answer 11

Machinery and no manual labour

Question 12

What is rationalisation?

Answer 12

What is rationalisation? Science for traditional ways

Question 13

What is specialisation?

Answer 13

Division of labour, narrowing of jobs.

Question 14

Durkheim - Industrialisation…

Answer 14

Threatens social solidarity.
The move from mechanical solidarity (low specialisation, differentiation, same religious values) to organic social solidarity (larger communities, differentiation, interdependence, division of labour).
Rapid social changes leads to anomie a breakdown of shared norms and values.

Question 15

Marxism - industrialisation

Answer 15

Capitalism replaces feudalism
b exploit p due to surplus value between wages and value of product. Alienation from themselves, fellow workers and the product. Work is a means to an end, no control over their destiny.

Question 16

Weberian - industrialisation

Answer 16

Rationalisation, rational pursuit of profit is an end itself. Institutions too bureaucratic and we become trapped.

Question 17

Deskilling…

Answer 17

Controls the workforce, minimum of training, division of labour.

BUT

Reskilling and flexible work roles, varied work, theoretical and annylitical skills, skill polarisation.

Question 18

Blauner…

Answer 18

Behaviours and attitudes of manual labourers in printing, textiles, automobiles and chemicals. He measured:

Control over work
Meaning and purpose
Social integration
Involved in work

Printing had the lowest alienation, automobiles highest, chemicals most automated but least alienation, they had control over production. Textiles lead to the making of a community.

Question 19

Define worklessness

Answer 19

Unemployed and economically inactive (permanent).

Question 20

What are the effects of worklessness?

Answer 20

Reduced income, health, self esteem, relationships, social engagement, crime, alcohol, drugs, environment, stigma.

Question 21

What are the effects of worklessness on the elderly?

Answer 21

Anomie, childcare, voluntary more dependant and social disengagement.

Question 22

What is emotional labour?

Answer 22

Managing your feelings according to a companies rules and guidelines.

Question 23

What are 3 effects of globalisation?

Answer 23

Emotional labour, exploitation and flexibility and precariousness (short term/zero hour contracts).

Question 24

Standing

Answer 24

Precariatisation - a new social class expecting unstable labour and living, class conscious.