Gender - External

Question 1

What are the broad themes in gender, external?

Answer 1

Socialisation, feminist movements and rights, changes in the family and employment opportunities for women.

Question 2

Frosh et al

Answer 2

Gender - External - Socialisation

Masculine cultures, hyper masculine behaviour.

Question 3

Edwards and David

Answer 3

Gender - External - Socialisation

Gender differentiated primary socialisation. Mothers talk to baby girls more, girls taught more formal standards of behaviour, boys allowed to be noisier at school. In books females are dependant, passive & quiet whereas boys are adventurous, independent and boisterous.

Question 4

Hannan

Answer 4

Gender - External - Socialisation

Peer groups and free time, boys relate by doing whereas girls relate by talking/speaking.

Question 5

Barber

Answer 5

Gender - External - Socialisation

Boys overestimate their ability while girls underestimate theirs.

Question 6

McRobbie 1970’s

Answer 6

Gender - External - Feminist Movements

Magazines in the 1970’s eg. Jackie emphasised the importance of marriage but now there are more positive role models in the media.

Question 7

Feminist movements and rights…

Answer 7

Raised expectations
Sex discrimination act 1975
Divorce 1970
Abortion 1969

Question 8

Changes in the family…

Answer 8

Increase in cohabitation
Decline in marriage rates/birth rates
Increase in lone parent families

Question 9

Webb et al

Answer 9

Gender - External - Employment Opportunities for Women

More women are breaking through the glass ceiling, pay gap fallen,employment is up.

Question 10

Francis

Answer 10

Gender - External - Employment Opportunities for Women

Due to the above, they have become more ambitious & aimed for higher professions.

Question 11

Mitsos and Browne

Answer 11

Gender - External - Employment Opportunities for Women

The growing service sector has made feminised careers eg. Teaching, hospitality, health and childcare.

1970 equal pay act