Word War 1 Flashcards
Causes of the war
- The rise of nationalism - deep devotion to ones country, created a desire for self - rule
- Imperialism - (colonial conquest) created rivalries between nations for power
- Militarism - (glorification of war) created an “arms race” or a military build-up of forces and weapons
- The alliance system - (military allies) - created a world conflict out of a minor incident
World War I - (the Great War) - aka
“the war to end all wars” - 32 nations (1914 - 1918)
Major alliances:
triple alliance:
Triple entente:
made up of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy
made up of Great Britain, France, and Russia
Black hand
Serbian terrorist group
franz ferdinand
the archduke of Austria-Hungary
A nationalist movement was created to bring independence to the region - called _____ goal was to create a Slavic state ( country ) called
pan-slavism
Yugoslavia
The assasin who killed franz and Sophia was
Gavrilo princep
Powder keg of Europe, wanted their independence for 3 centuries
The balkans, Balkan Peninsula
Mobilization
countries begin preparing for war
Propaganda - what was it and how was it used?
information used to influence public opinion
- Recruitment of men
- Promote patriotism at home
- Make enemy look evil
The Belligerernts (who was fighting)
- Central powers - (center of Europe) - Germany, Austria-Hungary and the ottoman Turks - major players
- Allied powers - Russia, France, and Great Britain and later the USA
Schliefen plan: (Alfred von schlieffen)
Germany plan to attack France through neutral Belgium
First battle of the war
the battle of the Marne - German attempt to capture Paris - failed!
The war was fought on two major fronts (areas)
- Western front - extended from the North Sea to Switzerland (500 miles) between the borders of France and Germany
- Eastern front - extended from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea (1,000 miles) - between the borders of Russia and Germany/ Austria Hungary
No mans land
area between the trenches “terrain of death”
What caused the slaughter of ww1?
Outdated tactics of generals, and modern weapons
WW1 became a war of Attrition
goal was to wear the other side out
Nationalism
Deep devotion to ones country, created a desire for self rule
Imperialism
(Colonial conquest) created rivalries between nations for power
Militarism
(Glorification of war) created an “arms race” or military build up of forces and weapons
The alliance system
Created a world conflict of a minor incident
Greatest of the aces was
Manfred von Richthofen - Red Baron - 80 kills
top american ace form Columbus ohio - 26 kills
• Eddie rickenbacker
Submarines:
Aka U-boats “unterwasser boots”
Germans =
British =
French =
Americans =
Huns
Tommy
Frogs
Dough boys
• The Gallipoli campaign
british attempt to rescue Russia!
Why did the british decide to help Russia?
A two front war kept the German army split over two areas
1917 - Bolshevik/communist revolution (Russia) - led by
Vladimir Lenin - overthrow and kill the Czar family
- The bolsheviks (communists) pull Russia out of the war!
* This is a problem for the allies, why?
• Germany can now concentrate all its forces on the western fronts
USA: policy known as isolationism
stay out of European affairs - remain NEUTRAL
3 events that brought the USA into the war
- 1915 - sinking of the Lusitania (british luxury liner) 128 americans dead
- 1917 - unrestricted submarine warfare - German U-boats were sinking neutral ships!
- Zimmerman telegram: Germany promised to help them get their land back form americans if they joined them as an ally
President Woodrow Wilson declares the purpose of the war is to
to make the world “safe for democracy”
What is the turning point of the war
America joining the war
American impacts on the war: (3)
- Boosted the morale of the allied powers
- Fresh manpower (troops)
- Supplies and equipment
Gen. John Pershing
was in charge of the american expeditionary force (us army)
Spring of 1918 - the German open up a massive offensive! “Operation Michael”
- hope to defeat the allied forces before the americans can make a difference
- Almost works!
- Americans pour into Europe in the summer of 1918 and the tide of the war turns!
armistice
agreement to stop fighting
kaiser Wilhelm II
Ruler of Germany, man who abdicates the throne
Spanish influenza
flu outbreak: 1918
• greatest medical holocoaust in history
• 50-100 million people died
Paris peace talks
- looses are not invited to the peace talks!
- Great Britain - David Lloyd george
- France - George’s Clemenceau
- USA - Woodrow Wilson
- Italy - Vittorio Orlando
Wilson’s fourteen points
peace plan to 1. Adress the causes of the war and
2. Solutions for world peace
• first five points deal with
ways to prevent future wars- stop sinking neutral ships!
• Points 6-13 deal with
self determination - nations should have th e right to govern themselves
• Point 14 - establishes the
League of Nations - international peacekeeping organization whose goal/purpose was to prevent future wars
Wilson wanted a “peace without victory” - what did that mean?
*(no winner or loser) WHY? Heal the wounds faster!
Treaty of Versailles - Germany was forced to sign (4)
- Germany had to accept all blame for the war (war guilt clause)
- Germany had to pay for the war reparations (damages) - $33 billion
- Germany lost all of its colonies and some German territories
- Forced to greatly reduce the size of its military
Results of WWI (5)
- Death toll of about 20 million “lost generation”
- Bolshevik/communist revolution - Russia becomes communist
- Map of Europe changed: 9 new countries added
- USA becomes a world power
- WWII. Caused by the bitterness of the Germans! - REVENGE for the Versailles Treaty
