The Roaring 20's Flashcards
*After the World War One, there was another large influx of immigrants to the USA, - why??
“Red Scare” - a fear that there was going to be a communist take-over of the american government
The 20s was a period of Great Change!
• it was a time of relative prosperity after the war!
• The countries total wealth doubled between 1920-1929
Problem:
money was not equally distributed
• raped cultural change
old conservative values and traditions were questioned and replaced with new liberal ideas
Great Migration
Blacks to the north (cities)
Beginning of the “modern age” - out with the old ideas of the
Victorian Age” - in with the new! (Gender roles, religion, values, etc.)
• New modern inventions that made life easier!
automobiles, radios, motion pictures, washing machines, vacuums/toasters, etc.
Earliest leaders of the women’s reform were (3)
susan B Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Lucrecia Mott
*official beginning of the movement - women’s rights
1848 - Seneca falls convention - first women’s rights convention
Suffrage
The right to vote
Suffragettes
Women activists
1910’s - alice Paul and Lucy burns
were leaders of the american feminist movement - non violent protests
Sexual revolution
“new woman”
• women gained a new sense of freedom and independence
• Began to work outside the home for the 1st time
margret Sanger
• Birth control movement
founder of planned parenthood - less children brought more freedom
Flappers
the unconventional new women who wore their hair short, wore makeup, wore short skirts, and smoked and drank just like the men
Cigarettes were called
“freedom torches”
Religion was challenged by
Charles Darwin - “the origin of species” evolution theory now challenged god and creation
Scopes monkey trial
and impact
Was God or evolution to be taught in the schools?
evolution began to be taught in public schools as a result, as an alternative. “Modern science”
New forms of entertainment/inventions
Music:
jazz and the blues were new musical styles created during the period - Harlem NYC
• george Gershwin - jazz composer
• Louis Armstrong - jazz trumpeter
• Cotton club - most famous jazz club in Harlem
Dance craze: famous dances
the Charleston, the shimmy, and the Lindy hop - most famouse dances
The radio
new source of communication - one of the greatest inventions of the time!
• WKDKA
Pittsburg - 1st radio station in America - 1920
jack Dempsey
Boxing heavyweight champion
Harlem Renaissance
new negro movement
• a rebirth celebration of African american culture
Prohibition
18th amendment - noble experiment” - 1920 - 1933
• Illegal to manufacture, buy, or sell alcohol
• “Speakeasy”
underground alcohol/dance clubs
The Great Deppression: - 1929-1941
• severe worldwide economic crisis took place during the 30s
Charles indbergh
1st solo transatlantic airplane flight - NYC- national hero, most welll known celebrity in america
Marcus Garvey
back to africa’ movement
Encouraged negroes to be proud of their heritage and to return to their roots of africa
Established the universal negro improvement association
W.E.B. Du bois
the co founder of the NAACP
Earnest Hemingway -
Writer - “a farewell to arms’’ - to whole the bell tolls - etc
F Scott Fitzgerald
wrote “the great gatsby” book that exposes that money does to buy happiness
5 causes of the Great Depression
- The unequal distribution of wealth
- Overproduction in Industry
- High tariffs - USA charge high taxes on trade goods - other countries retaliated =World wide trade stopped
- *Easy credit - banks were giving too much credit! People were spending more money than they earned
- Stock market crash (symbolizes the start of the great depresssion))
“Black Tuesday”
Stock market crash - October 29, 1929
Causes of Black Tuesday
• people were “Buying on the margin” - borrowing money to invest
What was the official begging of the GREAT DEPPRESSION
The stock market crash
Facts about the Great Depression (7)
- 25% unemployment
- 50% of the banks in the country closed
- 50% of farmers were foreclosed
- The nations income dropped by 50%
- 40% of businesses closed their doors
- 40% of school age children did not attend
- There were no social programs such as welfare, food stamps, etc. To help people
“run on the bank” -
• 1 year later, the people panicked and there was a “run on the bank” - led to banks collapsing - PEOPLE DEMANDING THEIR MONEY
“Hoovervilles”
• Shanty towns (unemployed)
US president was Herbert Hoover at the beginning of the depression
• during the election of 1928 - he had promised americans
“a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage”
• During the depression hoover did very little to combat it - why?
• He believed that if you just let it run its course it would be over sooon
Bonus army: 1932
17,000 soldiers from WWWI had been promised a bonus (money) by the US government fro their service during WWI - not to be paid until 1945!
emergency bank act
national bank holiday - closed for 5 days
• propose was to stabilize the banks!
• Roosevelt encouraged people to put their money back in the bank - started FDIC
federal deposit insurance corporation = money is protected
Fireside chats
Roosevelt talked with the people over the radio - this is the method of communication he used to explain his programs to the american people
Brain trust
group of leading scholars/businessmen - cabinet (advisors) - how do we get out of the Deppression?
New deal
a set of federal economic programs to get the country out of the Depression, all centered around the 3 R’s
The 3 R’s
• Relief, Recovery, Reform
New Deals that worked
- public works program - (JOBS) built highways, parks, bridges, schools, dams, etc. - (0.75 to $1 a day)
- Federal emergency relief program - now welfare - gave small amounts of $ to people until they get work
- Federal assistance for farmers, businesses, and banks
- *Social security program - set aside money for peoples retirement
Did these programs work?
Yes and no. They did slow the depression down, but did not end it!
Okies
people who migrated to California on Rt. 66 (first interstate) - better life (promised land)
After the dust who left their farm
The Dust Bowl - 1930s
- worst drought in American history! Great Plains, Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas - farm belt!
- 2.5 million farmers lost their land and left. - 40%
Hobos
migratory worker or homeless vagabond. “ Riding the rails
• most sent money home to their families - some abandoned them
2 million
• Great depresión did not end until
the USA entered WWII - 1941
