16 Part 2 Flashcards
Why was plantation slavery known as the peculiar institution?
Because it was the process of owning someone, very strange and in humane
Cost of “black ivory” sky rocketed!
Smuggling occurred!
- natural reproduction - accounted for most increase
- slaves were investments - primary wealth of the south
Abolitionist movement was not popular in the north, why?? (4)
- Very profitable for northern merchants!
- Job competition - manual labor Irish
- Feared it would destroy the union
- Prejudice did not want free blacks in their community
How the south defended slavery (5)
- Authority in the Bible
- Aristotle defended it
- Blacks need to be CIVILIZED
- Blacks were like CHILDREN who needed to be taken care of
- Slavery better than wage slaves in the factories of the north
Anti-slavery - political parties (3)
- liberty party (1840s)
- Free soil (1840s)
- Republican (1850s)
Harriet Tubman
Moses” of her people conductor “Underground Railroad”
Elijah P. Lovejoy
1st white abolitionist martyr (1837)
John brown
Attempted to lead an armed slave revolt
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Wrote uncle toms cabin
Wilbur wilberforce
Ended slavery in Great Britain
USA had just gained large chunks of new land in the west. This brought 1 question.
What to do with slavery in the new western territories, became a major issue that helped lead to the american civil war
Should it be allowed to expand west? Proposals to resolve the question:
- Missouri compromise: above the line = free, below the line = slave - henry clay
- Wilmot proviso: said that all land acquired from mexico should be free (not open to slavery)
- The compromise of 1850: attempt to save the union - henry clay
- Popular sovereignty - let the american people decide for themselvess the issue of slavery - promoted by Stephen Douglas
6 events that polarized (split) the north and the south, and lead to the civil war - 1 and 2
- The fugitive slave law -
required all american citizens to help catch and return runaway slaves to - Uncle toms cabin - (anti slavery book) - 1852 (life among the lowly) - written by Harriet Beecher Stowe, written as propaganda. Purpose was to show people the evils of slavery. It was an instant bestseller in the north around the world.
Personal liberty laws:
were laws passed by several U.S. states in the North to counter the fugitive salve acts of 1850
How did it split the two sides?
It caused many northers to see slavery for the first time - this caused many to become abolitionists
- Bleeding Kansas
border war) (abolitionist vs pro-slavery
Kansas - Nebraska act: introduced “popular sovereignty”
- A series of violent confrontations in the territory of Kansas involving anti slavery “abolitionists” and pro slavery “border ruffians” people
Henry Beecher
leader of the abolitionists - Beechers bibles - guns
How did the bleeding Kansans and all that split the two sides?
It was the first acts of violence between the north and south
Preson brooks (pro slavery congressman) beats…
charles sumner (abolitionist congressmen) with a cane in congress
- The Dred Scott Supreme Court decision - 1858
• A slave by the name of Dred Scott sued his master for his freedom based on where he lived (Illinois, Wisconsin).
Two questions had to be answered before they could make a decision about whether Dred Scott could sue his master based on where he lived
- Could blacks sue the USA government?
2. Did freedom go with the territory?
Why this ruling was controversial? (Split the two sides)
It said that slavery could exist anywhere!
*there was nothing the north could do to stop it
- Raid at harpers ferry: 1859
• Abolitionist john brown attempts to lead an armed slave uprising in virginia,
PURPOSE: to abolish slavery by force!
Uprising failed, - why???
No slaves came! The only the US army. • Col. Robert E. Lee came and put down the uprising and John brown was captured and put on trial for TREASON (the betrayal of ones own country
how did John browns failed plan and execution by hanging split the two sides?
The north tuned john brown into a martyr - he’s a hero! Compared to Jesus Christ. This ANGERED THE SOUTH, they thought of him as a traitor!
Harpers ferry -
USA federal arsenal (storehouse of guns and ammunition)
• In the presidential election of 1856: three new political parties come on the scene
- Free soil party: opposed to expansion west
- American party (know nothings) opposed to immigrants (Irish Catholics)
- Republican Party: anti-slavery party.
Republican Party was a mixture of 3 parties:
Free soil party, American party, and Whig party
• 6. The presidential election of Abraham Lincoln: - November 1860
- Republican Party: new anti - slavery party! Abraham Lincoln chosen!
- Democratic Party split: 1. Pro slavery - choose john Breckinridge - 2. Stephen Douglas
- Lincoln wins the election without one single vote from the south!
- The south could see the “handwriting on the wall” = the future!
- What did the handwriting on the wall, the fact that Lincoln won without 1 vote from the south, tell the south?
The north had all the power and would eventually abolish slavery!
This event pushed the south over the edge to secede from the union (to leave)
• the southern states create their own new government called
the confederate states of America - CSA
CSA • Government based one 2 things
- States rights - states have more power than federal government
- Slavery
First president of the CSA
Jefferson Davis
Original capital city was ____
Which later changed to _____
Montgomery
Richmond
Major causes of the war
- Westward expansion (slavery)
- States rights ( state gov. Had more power than the federal gov.)
- Slavery (economics, politics, and morality)
South faced a dilemma: (2) (when the north kept control over fort Sumter)
- If they walla we’d the north to keep the fort - their new government would appear weaK!
- If they took the fort by force - they would be blamed for starting the war:
Total war:
- When a country devotes all its resources toward the war effort
Results of the attack:
- The war had begun!
2. Three more southern states left the union (virginia, North Carolina and Tennessee)
Why were the 4 border states particularly important to the south?
Half of the souths white population lived in these states!
North’s advantages:
- Large population
- Abundant industry (supplies)
- abundant food supply
- Large navy (blockade)
- Leadership of Abraham Lincoln
North disadvantages
- had to invade and conque the south
- Poor military leadership (officers)
- Poorly trained soldiers
Souths advantages
- united behind a cause (independence)
- Well trained men
- Superior military leaders
- Only had to defend their territory (familiar)
Souths disadvantages
- lack of men, supplies, and food
- States rights
- Small navy
North’s main goals of the war:
- to save the union!
* Later it was to free the slaves
Souths main goals:
Win independence and later to preserve slavery!
North’s strategies to win the war (3)
- Capture Richmond (capital)
- Capture the Mississippi River
- Blockade all the southern ports (anaconda plan-squeeze the life out of the south
Results of the war (4)
- Over 600,000 men lost their lives (2% of the population)
- The south was destroyed!
- Slavery was ended
- Saved the union
Souths strategies to win the war:
- Get foreign assistance
2. Wear the north down - get them to quit
Abraham Lincoln offered *robert E. Lee (overall commander of the union (north) army! He turned it down! Why?
Because he loved virginia too much
All civil war battles ad two names:
North - named after rivers / streams
South - named after towns
First major battle of the war: led by south:
North:
First Battle of bull run (manassas) July 1861
PGT beauregard
Irwin McDowell
South won the battle of bull run, results of this battle:
- Realized the war was not going to be short or bloodless
2. Need for standard colored uniforms (blue grey)
• south hired “blockade runners” to…
get supplies through the blockade (private merchants)
Battle of the ironclads: (iron ships)
Monitor bs. Merrimac (CSA Virginia)
• turning point in naval warfare - wooden steps became obsolete
HL Huntley - confederate submarine
First submarine in history to sink an enemy ship
