Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical Medication: HEENT > Womens Health: Intro- Vagina and Vulva > Flashcards

Womens Health: Intro- Vagina and Vulva Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three layers of the vagina?

A

Adventicia, Muscularis, mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are Rugae?

A

Raised ridges of mucosal layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are Rugae composed of?

A

Epithelial and mucosal layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the function of rugae during sexual intercourse?

A

Stimulates the penis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the different secretions from the vagina?

A 
oMucous from the cervix
oMoisture from the endometrial fluids
oExudate from bartholin glands 
oSkene glands
oVaginal transudate
oSquamous cells shed from the vagina
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the MOA of mucosal layers release of glycogen?

A

It undergoes anaerobic bacterial metabolism of the glycogen and Acidifies the vagina, this process is hostile to sperm and protects against infections.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the hymen?

A

The hymen is a piece of tissue that lines the vaginal opening. It has an opening that can be of any size – it can be thin or thick.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Is the hymen vascular?

A

it is vascular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Is the hymen durable?

A

It has a variable durability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the vaginal fornix?

A

Recess around the cervix - are the deepest portions of the vagina, extending into the recesses created by the vaginal portion of cervix.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

vulva

A

vulva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the vulva?

A

The external female genitals are collectively referred to as The Vulva.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What type of epithelium is the vulva made up of?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What types of glands can be seen in the vuvla?

A

Sebaceous glands and apocrine glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Can you find hair follicles on the vuvla?

A

Yes there are associated hair follicles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the vagina?

A

The vagina extends from the vaginal opening to the cervix, the opening to the uterus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What type of epithelium makes up the vagina?

A

It is non keratinzed squamous cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Can you find hair follicles in the vagina?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Are there glands in the vagina?

A

No there are no sebaceous or apocrine glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are a Bartholin’s glands

A

At either side of the vaginal opening are the Bartholin’s glands, which produce small amounts of lubricating fluid, apparently to keep the inner labia moist during periods of sexual excitement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are Skene’s glands?

A

located on the anterior wall of the vagina, around the lower end of the urethra. They drain into the urethra and near the urethral opening and may be near or a part of the G-Spot. These glands are surrounded with tissue (which includes the part of the clitoris) that reaches up inside the vagina and swells with blood during sexual arousal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Anomalies of the Hymen

A

Anomalies of the Hymen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is a Imperforated Hymen?

A

hymen that is completely closed so that menstrual blood cannot flow out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is a Microperforate Hymen

A

A microperforate hymen is when this thin membrane almost completely covers the opening to the vagina, with only a very small hole in the middle, making it difficult for menstrual blood to flow out.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is a Septate Hymen

A

a hymen in which there are two openings separated by a narrow band of tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is hematocolpos?

A

When the vagina fills with menstral blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

When does a hematocolpos commonly occur?

A

With combination of menstartion and an Imperforated hymen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Transverse vaginal

A

Transverse vaginal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is a transverse vaginal septum?

A

A faulty fusion or canalization of the ureogenital sinus and Muellerian ducts – A transverse vaginal septum is a horizontal “wall” of tissue that has formed during embryologic development and essentially creates a blockage of the vagina. It can occur at many different levels of the vagina.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

When is a complete transverse vaginal septum usually diagnosed

A

Diagnosis is often delayed until after menarche

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

How are rare complete transverse vaginal septa diagnosed?

A

When the menstrual blood is trapped behind an obstructing membrane, the signs and symptoms are similar to an imperforated hymen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

When are incomplete transverse vaginal septa usually diagnosed?

A

The first symptoms of an incomplete transverse vaginal septa usually appear with intercourse.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the treatment for transverse vaginal septa?

A

Corrective surgery.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Longitudinal Vaginal Septum (“Double-barreled vagina”)

A

Longitudinal Vaginal Septum (“Double-barreled vagina”)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is a Longitudinal Vagnial Septum?

A

The distal end of mulerian ducts fail to fuse properly leaving the uterus separate or bicornuate with 1 or 2 cervices.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is the treatment of Longitudinal Vaginal Septum?

A

oAsymptomatic- no treatment

oDyspareunia- surgical division of the septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is Dyspareunia?

A

Painful sexual intercourse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Vaginal Agenesis

A

Vaginal Agenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is vaginal Agenesis?

A

Congenital absence of vaginal accompanied by variable other genital abnormalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

When a women has vaginal Agenesis what is their keryotype?

A

Typical normal female keryotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What will Vaginal Agenesis present with?

A

Primary amenorrhea or cyclin pain – if there is a functioning uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What is the treatment of Vaginal Agenesis?

A

oMultidisciplinary approach.
oTreatment is deferred until patients contemplating sexual activity
oRepetitive coitus can create a functional vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Partial Vaginal Agenesis

A

Partial Vaginal Agenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What is partial Vaginal Agenesis?

A

When the urogential sinus ( inferior part) fails to contribute to the lower portion of the vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What is the lower part of the vagina made up of?

A

Fibrous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What is the presentation of a partial Vaginal Agenesis?

A

Similar to an imperforate hymen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Labia Minora Abnormalities

A

Labia Minora Abnormalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What are some possible labia minora abnormalities?

A

Can have labia fusion of hypertrophy in an otherwise normal female, the hypertrophy can be unilateral or bilateral and may occasionally require surgical correction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Abnormalities of labia Majora

A

Abnormalities of labia Majora

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What are some Abnormalities of labia Majora?

A

Hyperplastic or hypertrophic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Abnormal fusion of the labia Majora is usually associated with what?

A

Ambiguous genitalia pseudohermaphroditism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Clitoral Abnormalities

A

Clitoral Abnormalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What are some Clitoral Abnormalities? Are they common?

A

No the are rare, agenesis and bifid clitoris, extreamly rare is a double clitoris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Hypertrophy of the clitoris is associated with what?

A

A number of intersex disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Cloacal Dysgenesis

A

Cloacal Dysgenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

What are some Cloacal dysgenesis?

A

Rectocloacal fistula with persistant cloaca is common outlet for the utinary, geneital and intestinal tracts – all go out the same hole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

What is a rectovaginal fistua?

A

Where the vestibule can appear normal but the anus is found in the perineum. A rectovaginal fistula is an abnormal connection between the lower portion of your large intestine — your rectum — and your vagina. Contents of your bowel can leak through the fistula, meaning you might pass gas or stool through your vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Benign Disorders of the vulva and Vagina

A

Benign Disorders of the vulva and Vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

What is Vaginitis?

A

Inflammation of the vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

What is vulvovaginitis?

A

Inflammation of the vulva and vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

What is Vaginosis?

A

Refers specifically to the bacterial overgrowth of normal flora in the vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Vulvodynia

A

Vulvodynia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

What is Vulvodynia?

A

Vulvar pain in the absence of relevant visible physical findings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

What are the different types of Vulvodynia?

A

Generalized and Localized, provoked, unprovoked and mixed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Localized provoked vulvodynia

A

Localized provoked vulvodynia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

What is localized provoked vulvodynia?

A

Introital pain on vestiular or vaginal entry, dypareunia (pain with sex), vestibular tenderness in the absence of erythemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Who is localized provoked vulvodynia most commonly seen in?

A

Younger women (20-30 y/o)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

What is the difference between primary and secondary localized provoked vulvodynia?

A

Primary: pain since the first attempt at physical intercourse

Secondary: Pain after an initial period of pain free intercourse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

What is the difference between pure and complicated localized provoked vulvodynia?

A

Pure: without concomitant vulvovaginitis
Complicated: with recurrent vulvovaginitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

What is part of the DDx for localized provoked vulvodynia?

A

Vaginismus and Vulcovaginitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

What is vaginismus?

A

Involuntary contraction of the muscles around introits ( vaginal canal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

What is the treatment of localized provoked vulvodynia?
first 3 mo
next 3 mo
if not improved

A

The first 3 mo:
•Pelvic floor rehab and biofeedback, maintain vuvlar hygiene (cotton undies), topical 5% lidocaine 1QD, soothing oils, Estrogenic cream, low oxalate diet, supplemental Ca to decrease urinary oxalate crystals.

Next 3 mo if no improved
Oral treatment with TCA or Gabapentin

If not improved:
Surgical therapy or pain clinic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

Generalized Unprovoked Vulcodynia:

A

Generalized Unprovoked Vulcodynia:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

what is the common cause of Generalized Unprovoked Vulcodynia?

A

Unkown etiology, but is commonly seen in older women 60 with HTN

75
Q

What is Generalized Unprovoked Vulcodynia?

A

Pain and burning constant sometimes with periods of reliefs and flares

76
Q

How do you dx Generalized Unprovoked Vulcodynia?

A

It is a diagnosis of exclusion, must r/o all other possible causes

77
Q

How do you treat Generalized Unprovoked Vulcodynia?
first 3 mo
next 3 mo
if not relieved:

A

First 3 mo
TCA- oral Amitriptyline-(BEERS list) initial relief after a few weeks!

Topical amitriptyline with 2% baclofen in water washable base- no s/e

Eliminate irritants

If not relief after 3 mo: Anticonvulsants (Gabapentin)

If not relief: Pain clinic

78
Q

Bartholin Gland Cysts

A

Bartholin Gland Cysts

79
Q

What is a Bartholin Gland Cysts?

A

Obstruction of the main duct of the Bartholin Gland, retentsion of secretions and cystic dilation

80
Q

What is the cause of Bartholin Gland Cysts?

A

Trauma, infection, idiopathic

81
Q

What is the presentation of Bartholin Gland Cysts?

A

Vulvodynia, Dyspaarunia, edema, difficulty walking with adducted thighs, fluctuant tender mass

82
Q

What labs are done for Bartholin Gland Cysts?

A

Murcopurulent secretions can be cultured.

83
Q

What is the primary treatment for Bartholin Gland Cysts?

A

Drainage of infected cyst or abscess by marsupilization or insertion of a word catheter

84
Q

Can you use abx for the treatment of Bartholin Gland Cysts?

A

Generally not needed unless surrounding celluitlis

85
Q

Chemical Vagnitis

A

Chemical Vagnitis

86
Q

What is Chemical Vagnitis caused by?

A

Topical irritants, Allergens, Possibly excessive sexual activity

87
Q

What is the presentation of Chemical Vagnitis?

A

Pruitis, buring, irritation, vaginal discharge

88
Q

What is the treatment of Chemical Vagnitis?

A

Removal of the offending agent, short course of corticosteroids, sitz baths, topical vegetable oils

89
Q

Vulvar Lichen Sclerosis

A

Vulvar Lichen Sclerosis

90
Q

What is Vulvar Lichen Sclerosis known as?

A

The most common non- neoplastic epithelial vulvar condition

91
Q

What is Vulvar Lichen Sclerosis?

A

Lchen sclerosus (LS) refers to a benign, chronic, progressive dermatologic condition characterized by marked inflammation, epithelial thinning, and distinctive dermal changes accompanied by symptoms of pruritus and pain

thought to be an over activation of the T cells, Autoimmune type disease

92
Q

Who is most common to have Vulvar Lichen Sclerosis?

A

Women over 60 y/o

93
Q

What is the presentation of Vulvar Lichen Sclerosis?

A

Intense pruitus, Dyspareunia, introtial stenosis, fissures, or posterior deflection of fused labial tissue at the time of intromission (when it goes in)

94
Q

What does the vulva skin look like in Vulvar Lichen Sclerosis?

A

Thin, wrinkled, white areas of lichenification and hyperkeratosis (Cigarette paper apperance)

Overall thinning of the epidermis and thickening of the corneum

95
Q

What may the labia majora look like in Vulvar Lichen Sclerosis?

A

There may be fusion of the anterior part of the labia majora

96
Q

What is the effect of excoriation of Vulvar Lichen Sclerosis?

A

Erosions, fissures, sub epithelial hemorrhages and ulcerations

97
Q

If there is involvement of the perianal region what will it look like?

A

In the form of an 8 around the vulva and the anus

98
Q

What are the complications of Vulvar Lichen Sclerosis?

A

Associated with a higher risk for SCC

High rate of SSC- need to Biopsy

99
Q

What is the prognosis of Vulvar Lichen Sclerosis?

A

Chronic, usually recurs with cessation of treatment, Clobestasole dipropionate

100
Q

What is used for treatment of Vulvar Lichen Sclerosis?

A

clobetasol dispropionate ointment- super potent topical steroid

stop the itch scratch itch cycle
Minimize dermal inflammation
Vulvar hygiene

Oral antihistamines

101
Q

What do patients with Vulvar Lichen Sclerosis need to F/U

A

Q 3 mo to assess, need to biopsy any changes due to high risk of SCC

102
Q

Vulvar Lichen Simplex Chronicus

A

Vulvar Lichen Simplex Chronicus

103
Q

What is Vulvar Lichen simplex Chronicus?

A

Benign epithelial thickening and hyperkeratosis of the granulosum later resulting from chronic irritation, Epithelial thinking, Vulvar humid environment will lead to maceration

104
Q

What do you need to biopsy Vulvar Lichen simplex Chronicus?

A

Exclude intraepithelial neiplasma nad invasive tumors-

there is no increased predisposition to cancer

105
Q

What is the histopathology of Vulvar Lichen simplex Chronicus?

A

Hyperkeratosis and acanthosis

106
Q

What is the treatment of Vulvar Lichen simplex Chronicus?

A

Vulvar Hygiene
Oral anti histaminesWhite cotton gloves at night
Topical medium potency BID

107
Q

How long does it typically take for the vulvar epithelium to heal?

A

At least 6 weeks

108
Q

Lichen Planus

A

Lichen Planus

109
Q

What is Lichen Planus?

A

Distinctive inflammatory eruption of the skin and mucos membranes (mouth, vulva, vagina, nails, scalp, nose, ect. )

110
Q

Does Lichen Planus usually involve the vulva?

A

No. but if it does it will also be seen in the mouth, be sure to look!

111
Q

What is the etiology of Lichen Planus?

A

Disorder of altered cell mediated immunity with exogenoust antigens targeting the epidermin (autoimmune)

112
Q

Who is Lichen Planus usually seen in?

A

Women( 40-60)

113
Q

What is the presentation of Lichen Planus?

A

Paulosquamous- typically plaques with white lacy patternts on the vulvar trigone and periclitoral area.

May be puritic

114
Q

How do you treat Lichen Planus?

A

Typically respond to topical steroids.

115
Q

Types of Lichen Planus:

A

Hypertrophic- least common with extensive scarring and destruction may be intensly puritic treatment tends to be resistant

Erosive: Destructive scaring Lichen Planus on the mucose membranes and the vulva with a desqamative vaginitis, variable erosion plus atrophy

116
Q

Vulvovaginitis

A

Vulvovaginitis

117
Q

What are some common risk factors for Vulvovaginitis?

A

Abnormal anatomy, age, autoimmune disease, BCP, DM, sexual activity

118
Q

What women must you always consider pregnant?

A

Any women 8-60 y/o unless tubal ligation, total hysterectomy or menopause

119
Q

Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)

A

Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)

120
Q

What is BV?

A

An alteration of normal flora, an overgrowth of facultative anaerobes

121
Q

What is the most common bacteria you will find in BV?

A

Gardnerella Sp.

122
Q

What is the presentation of BV?

A

Homogenous vaginal discharge, an Amine Fishy odor, May have vulvar irritation

123
Q

What is BV associated with?

A

Other infections (PID, Post-op infections ect…. )

124
Q

What is the name of the criteria used to dx BV?

A

Amsel’s Criteria 3 of the 4 must be positive

125
Q

What is the Amsels criteria?

A

o pH> 4.5 (normal is less then 4.5)
o Positive “whiff” test (amine “fishy” smell)
o Malodorous, gray, slightly frothy
o Clue cells

126
Q

What do Clue cells look like? This may end up on the test like this

A

Cells with indistinct borders and specks

127
Q

what is used to treat BV?

A

Metronidazole (Flagyl) 500mg PO BID x 7 days

128
Q

What is used for prevention of BV?

A

Avoid: Douching, use of pany liners, pantyhose, occlusive pantys, undergarments

Use: Regular use of condoms may help [revent BV, exposure to semen may trigger symptoms for some women.

129
Q

Candidiasis

A

Candidiasis

130
Q

What is the Presentation of candidiasis?

A

Intense Pruritus, burning sensation may follow urination, vulvar erythemia, white curd like vaginal discharge

131
Q

What is the Etiology of Candidiasis?

A

Candida sp. Overgrowth (90%)

132
Q

What is the gold standard for Dx of Candidiasis?

A

Vaginal culture and saline wet mount

133
Q

What are some risk factors for developing Candidiasis infection?

A

Antibiotics, BCP, Steroids, DM, Immunosuppresed, Obese, Pregnancy, Tight Clothes and pantiliners, urinary incontinence, being a women

134
Q

Is Candidiasis sexually transmitted?

A

No its not sexually transmitted

135
Q

What is the treatment of Candidiasis?

A

OTC Mitconazole (Monistate) or Gentian Violet

Rx: Fluconazole (Diflucan)

136
Q

Trichomonas Vaginitis

A

Trichomonas Vaginitis

137
Q

Trichomonas Vaginitis is know as what?

A

The most common curable sexually transmitted infection (STI)

138
Q

What percent of people with Trichomonas Vaginitis develop symptoms?

A

Only 30%

139
Q

What is the presentation of Trichomonas Vaginitis ?

A

Prutitus, Profuse frothy greenish and foul smelling discarge, vaginal Erythema with multipe petechiae (Strawberry spots)

140
Q

What is the Etiology of Trichomonas Vaginitis ?

A

Trichomonas Vaginitis which are Flagellated protozoa transmitted sexually – they are motilie organisms that are seen “swimming” in saline under microscope

141
Q

Where can Trichomonas Vaginitis infect?

A

The vagina, skene ducts, and urinary tract

142
Q

What is the treatment of Trichomonas Vaginitis ?

A

Metronidazole (flagyl) or tinidazole 2 gm once

Flagyl 500 mg BID x 7 days

143
Q

Normal Discharge:

A

Normal Discharge:

144
Q

What is seen midcycle during the estrogen surge?

A

A clear, mucoid secretion for the cervical os; often perfuse

145
Q

What is seen during the luteal phase and pregnancy in normal discharge?

A

Vaginal secretions will be thicker, white and sometime adherent to the vaginal walls

146
Q

What does estrogen do to the vaginal epithelium?

A

It thickens the vaginal epithelium by the accumulation of glycogen epithelial cells. Intraepithelial cells metabolizes to lactic acid which will turn the PH to 3.4 to 4.5 which promotes the growth of the normal vagnial flora (Lactobacilli and acidogenic corynebacteria)

147
Q

What test is used to dx bacterial vaginosis?

A

Dx: wet mount with clue cells

148
Q

What test is used to dx candidiasis

A

Dx via wet prep/KOH cottage cheese look

149
Q

What test is used to dx Trachomonas Vaginitis?

A

Dx via wet prep and Trachomonas cells

150
Q

What test is used to dx normal bacteria?

A

Dx via wet prep

151
Q

What is the presentation of a foreign body?

A

Vaginal bleeding, foul smelling vaginal discharge, less common symptoms: Dysuria, and pelvic pain

152
Q

Primary Vulvar contact Dermatitis

A

Primary Vulvar contact Dermatitis

153
Q

What is Primary Vulvar contact Dermatitis?

A

Prolonged or repeated exposure to a caustic or physically irritating agent

154
Q

What are the top three causes of Primary Vulvar Contact dermatitis?

A

o Over washing
o Use of creams with drying bases
oWetness

155
Q

Allergic contact dermatitis:

A

Allergic contact dermatitis:

156
Q

What is allergic contact dermatitis?

A

Frank allergic reaction to a low dose substance

157
Q

What are the three main causes of allergic contact dermatitis?

A

o Neomycin
o Benzocaine
oPreservative

158
Q

What is the difference between allergic contact dermatitis and irritant contact dermatitis?

A

Irritant contact dermatitis is immediate, allergic takes 1-2 days

159
Q

what is the clinical presentation of vulvar contact dermatitis?

A

Varying degree of itch, burn and irritation, it can be acute or chonic, may present with acute blistered erosive eruption. Usually subacure or chornic will have excoriations, honey colored crusting, erythemia.

160
Q

How do you dx vulvar contact dermitis?

A

Morphology of the rash plus a history of irritants or allergens, biopsys may be needed to sort this out,

161
Q

How can you dx the allergic etiology:

A

patch testing by a dermatologist

162
Q

what are some common vulvar irritants?

A

Soaps, Medications, sweat, urine, feces, panty liners.

163
Q

What are some common vulvar allergens?

A

Vagisil, preservatives, neomycin, condoms, KY jelly, Latex, perfume, nail polish

164
Q

what is the treatment of Vuvlar Contact dermatitis?

A

o Stop the irritatnt or allergen exposure
o Topical cortocosteroids
o Non perfumed emollients such as petrolatum or mineral oil
o Night time sedation for sleeping
o Abx may be needed for secondary infections
o If severe- prednosome 1mg.kg decreaseing over 14-21 days

165
Q

Vaginal and vulvar cancer

A

Vaginal and vulvar cancer

166
Q

Preinvasive Disease of the vagina

A

Preinvasive Disease of the vagina

167
Q

What is the most asymptomatic Preinvasive Disease of the vagina?

A

Vagnial Intraepithelial neoplasm- most asymptomatic

168
Q

Preinvasive Disease of the vagina lesion are often accompanied by what?

A

Lesions often accompany HPV infections- Vulvar warts

169
Q

What is commonly the fist signs of a Preinvasive Disease of the vagina?

A

Abnormal pap spears usually first sign of the disease

170
Q

How is diagnosis of Preinvasive Disease of the vagina made?

A

Diagnosis- Coloscopic examination of vagina with directed biopsy- can uses acetic acid whitening of vagina, Lugols iodine will help identify borders of the lesion

171
Q

Vaginal Cancer

A

Vaginal Cancer

172
Q

Vaginal Cancer is AKA as:

A

Vagnial Intraepitheal Neoplasm (VAIN)

173
Q

What is the presentation of VAIN?

A

May present with postcoital spotting or vaginal discharge, mainly it is asymptomatic

174
Q

VAIN needs to be considered in who?

A

All women with abnormal PAP

175
Q

Vulvar cancer:

A

Vulvar cancer:

176
Q

What are some risk factors for Vulvar CA?

A

o HPV (16, 18, 31)
o Genital warts or abnormal PAP
o Chronic Vuvlar irritation- DM, Granulomatous venereal disease, vulvar dystrophy
o Smoking
o Herpes simplex virus type 2
o Immunosupprion
o The vulva is one of the most common sites for extramammary pagets disease

177
Q

What is the presentation of Vulvar cancer

A

Pruitis and or irritation, bloody discharge, Vulvar skin hyperplastic and leukolplastic (pale white, pink, red, dark brown)

178
Q

What/ who is most commonly dx with vulvar CA?

A

Peak – 60-70 years old the avg age of dx is 65

179
Q

What is the main etiology of vuvlar CA?

A

Squamous lesions- 65 % originate in labia majora and minora

180
Q

What needs to be done for dx of Vulvar CA?

A

Biopsy

181
Q

Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasm (VIN)

A

Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasm (VIN)

182
Q

What are the three types of VIN?

A

VIN I: Mildly abnormal changes in the skin
VIN II: Moderate abnormal changes in the skin
VIN III: Severely abnormal changes in the skin

183
Q

What is the treatment of Vulvar CA?

A

Depends on the stage, it could include sxr, pelvic exenteratoin, radiation therapy, Chemo or biologic therapy.

184
Q

What is the common reoccurrence of vulvar ca?

A

Appx 80% in the first 2 years

Clinical Medication: HEENT (39 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions