Women's Health Terms Flashcards
1
Q
Abortion
A
termination of pregnancy
2
Q
Abruption Placentae
A
premature separation of a normally implanted placenta from the uterus
3
Q
Adenomyosis
A
benign condition in which endometrial tissue invades myometrial layer of the uterus, may be focal or diffuse
4
Q
Adnexa
A
uterine appendages (ovaries, fallopian tubes, etc.)
5
Q
Amenorrhea
A
absence of menstrual bleeding
6
Q
Amsel’s criteria
A
Diagnostic criteria for bacterial vaginosis, need ¾ to be positive: 1) pH>4.5, 2) positive “whiff” test, 3)malodorous, gray, frothy discharge, 4) clue cells
7
Q
Aneuploidy Screening
A
screening tests for abnormal number of chromosmoes (Chorionic villus sampling, amniocentesis, quad screen)
8
Q
Ascus
A
atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance
9
Q
Bacterial Vaginosis-
A
nonspecific vaginitis, bacteria etiologic but no associated inflammatory response
10
Q
Balottment Of Uterus
A
passive movement of unengaged fetus (16-18th week of pregnancy)- The use of a finger to push sharply against the uterus and detect the presence or position of a fetus by its return impact
11
Q
Bartholin Gland-
A
paired glands found in labia minora, function in mucus secretion, usually not palpable
12
Q
Bicornate Uterus
A
heart shaped uterus with 2 horns (abnormally shaped uterus)
13
Q
Bipartite Placenta
A
placenta seperated into two near equal lobes, may carry increased risk of PPH
14
Q
Bloody Show
A
pink/brown tinged stingy mucus discharge, sign that cervix is dilating/effacing (sign that labor is coming)
15
Q
Braxton Hicks=
A
contractions that disappear with walking or exercise, usually begin about 28 weeks (NOT true labor contractions-no not become more intense)
16
Q
Breech
A
abnormal fetal position, bottom down instead of head
17
Q
Candiadiasis
A
yeast infection
18
Q
Carcinoma In Situ
A
non-invasive Ca cells, full-thickness, “cancer in place”
19
Q
Cervical Agenesis
A
born w/o cervix (usually goes with vaginal agenesis)
20
Q
Cervical Polyp
A
hyperplastic overgrowth leading ro projection from surface, most originate from endocervix
21
Q
Cesarian
A
surgical procedure in which incisions are made through a woman’s abdomen and uterus to deliver her baby
22
Q
Chadwick’s Sign
A
bluish discoloration of the vagina and cervix, caused by increased vascularity (pregnancy change)
23
Q
Chancre
A
painless ulcer, symptom of primary syphilis
24
Q
Chancroid
A
painful genital ulcer, combined with tender suppurative inguinal adenopathy
25
Chlamydia
most common STI,
26
Chloasma
darkening of skin during pregnancy (“mask of pregnancy”), exacerbated by sunlight, sometimes goes away with delivery but sometimes does not
27
Chorion Frondosum
fetal part that makes up placenta (with maternal decidua)
28
Chorionic Villus Sampling=
prenatal test in which a sample of chorionic villi is removed from the placenta for testing (1st trimester)
29
CIN
cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (pre-cancer, cervical dysplasia)
30
Climacteric
perimenopause, time period before menopause
31
Cloaca
structure during development-common opening of urinary and reproductive tracts; dysgenesis may lead to rectocloacal fistula, rectovaginal fistula, persistent urogenital sinus
32
Coitus
sexual intercourse
33
Colposcopy
looking into vagina”-can look for cervical ca
34
Complete Abortion
products of conception are completely expelled; pain ceases, but spotting may persist; cervical os closed
35
Complete Septate Uterus
mullerian duct anomaly, , septum along midline of uterus
36
Condyloma Acumunata
-genital warts
37
Condyloma Lata
skin findings of secondary syphilis (wart-like lesions, flat-topped)
38
Crown-Rump Length
=”head to butt distance” of fetus, determines gestational age at 18-20 week US
39
Culdocentesis
procedure in which peritoneal fluid is obtained from the cul de sac of a female patient. It involves the introduction of a spinal needle through the vaginal wall into the peritoneal space of the pouch of Douglas
40
Cystocele (AKA prolapsed bladder)-
occurs when the supportive tissue between a woman's bladder and vaginal wall weakens and stretches, allowing the bladder to bulge into the vagina
41
D&C=
dilation and curettage- brief surgical procedure in which the cervix is dilated in order to perform scraping of uterine lining
42
DUB
DUB=dysfunctional uterine bleeding-change in frequency, duration, amount of bleeding
43
Dysmenorrhea
Dysmenorrhea=painful menstruation that inhibits/prevents ADLs
44
Dyspareunia
Dyspareunia=painful sexual intercourse
45
Dystocia
Dystocia=difficult labor; abnormaly slow progress of labor primi: >2h of pushing w/o epidural
46
Eclampsia
Eclampsia=seizures in a patient with evidence of pre-eclampsia
47
Ectopic Pregnancy
implantation of pregnancy outside uterus
48
Endocervical Curettage
A procedure using a curette -- a spoon-shaped instrument -- used to scrape the mucus membrane of the endocervical canal (passageway between cervix and uterus) to obtain a small tissue sample
49
Endometrial Biopsy
tissue sample taken from lining of uterus
50
Endometriosis
presence of abnormal growth of tissue histologically resembling endometrium present in locations other than the uterine lining
51
Epidural Block -
local anesthetic, blocks nerve impulses from lower spine segments
52
Ferning
Ferning=presence of dried amniotic salts on slide (fluid analysis)
53
Fetal Distress=
Fetal Distress=abnormal heart tones
54
Fibroadenoma=
Fibroadenoma=benign tumor or fibrous stroma (breast)-common in younger women
55
Fibrocystic Disease=
Fibrocystic Disease=macrocysts, microcysts, stromal fibrosis, adenosis, epithelial metaplasia and hyperplasia, important and common cause of cyclic mastalgia
56
Fornix
recess around cervix
57
Hypermenorrhea=
abnormally heavy or prolonged menstration
58
Hysterosalpingography=
Hysterosalpingography= X-ray test that looks at the inside of the uterus and fallopian tubes and the area around them
59
Hysteroscopy
Hysteroscopy=visualization of endometrial lining with hysteroscope
60
Incompetent Cervix=
Incompetent Cervix=weak cervical tissue contributes to premature birth or loss of otherwise healthy pregnancy (predisposing factors=hx in previous pregnancies, cervical conization or surgery, cervical injury, DES exposure, anatomic abnormalities of cervix); presents as “silent” cervical dilation in 2nd trimester (tx-cerclage-closing with strong sutures, must first confirm viable uterine pregnancy)
61
Incomplete Abortion
Incomplete Abortion=some portion of products of conception (usually placental) remain in the uterus; cervix dilated
62
Inevitable Abortion=
Inevitable Abortion=cervix dilated and membranes may be ruptured, but passage of products of conception has not yet occurred. Bleeding and cramping persist, and passage of products of conception is considered inevitable
63
Introitis=
Introitis=vaginal orifice (opening)
64
Intromission
Intromission=the action or process of inserting the penis into the vagina in sexual intercourse
65
IUD=
intrauterine device
66
Laparoscopy-
Laparoscopy-laparoscope inserted through small incision in abdomen to visualize pelvic organs
67
Leiomyosis
Leiomyosis-having leiomyomas aka benign smooth muscle neoplasms (fibroids)
68
Leukoplakic (Leukoplakia)=
Leukoplakic (Leukoplakia)=white lesions
69
Leukorrhea=
Leukorrhea=white discharge, a/w chronic cervicitis
70
Lichen Planus=
Lichen Planus=distinctive inflammatory eruption of skin and mucous membranes (mouth, vulva, vagina, nails, scalp, esophagus, nose, conjunctiva, ears, bladder)
71
Lichen Sclerosis=
Lichen Sclerosis=uncommon condition that creates patchy, white skin that's thinner than normal. Lichen sclerosus may affect skin on any part of your body, but most often involves skin of the vulva, foreskin of the penis or skin around the anus
72
Lichen Simplex Chronicus=
Lichen Simplex Chronicus= benign epithelial thickening and hyperkeratosis resulting from chronic irritation
73
Lymphogranuloma Venereum-
Lymphogranuloma Venereum- uncommon sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. LGV is endemic in certain areas of Africa, Southeast Asia, India, the Caribbean, and South America
74
Mastitis=
Mastitis=breast infection
75
Meconium Aspiration-
Meconium Aspiration-aspiration of first fetal BM in utero
76
Menarche
Menarche=onset of menstruation
77
Menometrorrhagia=
Menometrorrhagia= frequent menstrual bleeding that is excessive and irregular in amount and duration
78
Menorrhagia=
very heavy and/or prolonged flow at regular period intervals, no intermenstrual spotting
79
Menopause
Menopause=1 year without periods
80
Metrorrhagia=
Metrorrhagia= normal menstrual flow with spotting between periods
81
Molar Pregnancy-
Molar Pregnancy-hydatidiform mole
82
Mulluscum Contagiosum-
Mulluscum Contagiosum-STI caused by poxvirus, multiple dome-shaped umbilicated waxy papules
83
Multiparous-
Multiparous-condition of a woman having born more than one child
84
Myoma=
Myoma=tumor comprised of muscle tissue
85
Nabothian Cysts=
Nabothian Cysts= mucus-filled lump on the surface of the cervix
86
Nagele’s Rule:
Nagele’s Rule: used to calculate estimated due date (EDD=LMP+1 yr-3M+7 d)
87
Neoplasm=
Neoplasm=abnormal cell proliferation (neoplasia) resulting in a tumor
88
Neurofibroma-
Neurofibroma- benign or non-cancerous tumors that grow on nerves throughout the body
89
Nulliparity-
Nulliparity-condition of a woman of never having given birth
90
Nulliparous-
Nulliparous-female that has not born offspring
91
Oligomenorrhea
Oligomenorrhea=infrequent periods
92
Oxytocin-
Oxytocin-hormone secreted from posterior pituitary, brings on and strengthens uterine contractions during birth (Pitocin)
93
Paget’s Disease-
Paget’s Disease-mammary= chronic eczematous disease on the skin of the nipple and the areola, a/w intraductal mammary carcinoma of underlying mammary gland; extramammary= morphologically and histologically identical to mammary PD of the nipple, the primary difference being the anatomic location
94
Partial Septate Uterus=
Partial Septate Uterus=one of the possible mullerian abnormalities of uterine formation
95
Pcos=
Pcos=polycystic ovarian syndrome
96
Pediculosis Pubis=
Pediculosis Pubis=pubic lice
97
Pessary=
Pessary=removable device placed into vagina, designed for support in pelvic organ prolapse
98
Pid=
Pid=pelvic inflammatory disease, infectious and inflammatory disorder of the upper female genital tract, including the uterus, fallopian tubes, and adjacent pelvic structures
99
Placenta Previa
Placenta Previa-low-lying placenta, may cover internal cervical os (complete previa)
100
PMDD=
PMDD=premenstrual dysphoric syndrome
101
Polymenorrhea=
Polymenorrhea=frequent menstrual bleeding (<21 days between periods)
102
Polyp=
Polyp=hyperplastic overgrowth of endomedrial glands and stroma that form a profection (sessile or pedunculated) from surface of endometrium
103
Portio Vaginalis=
Portio Vaginalis=cervix, area of uterus that sticks out into vagina
104
Post Coital-
Post Coital-after intercourse
105
Post-Partum Hemorrhage-
Post-Partum Hemorrhage-vaginal bleeding >500cc, C-section >1000-1100 cc
106
Pre-Eclampsia=
Pre-Eclampsia=BP >140 mmHg systolic or >/=90 mmHg diastolic after 20 weeks gestatsion with protinuria
107
Pregnancy Induced Hypertention-
Pregnancy Induced Hypertention-HTN that develops >20 weeks gestation
108
Premenstrual Syndrome
Premenstrual Syndrome=recurrent, variable cluster of troublesome physical and emotional symptoms that develop 7-14 days before onset of menses and subside when menstruation occurs
109
Psychoanalgesia-
Psychoanalgesia-prepared labor, breathing exercises (prophylaxis)
110
Pudendal Nerve Block-
Pudendal Nerve Block- numb pudendal nerve, used for operative vaginal delivery, numbs perineal area
111
Rectocele-
Rectocele- bulging of the front wall of the rectum into the back wall of the vagina, type of pelvic organ prolapse
112
Rh Incompatability:
Rh Incompatability:Rh negative woman and Rh positive fetus→risk of hemolytic disease of the newborn; Rh immune globulin given to mother within 72 h of delivery to destroy fetal Rh positive cells so mother will not produce anti-Rh antibodies
113
Saline Infusion Sonohysterography=
Saline Infusion Sonohysterography= (AKA diagnostic hysteroscopy) fluid is instilled into uterine cavity transcervically to enhance endometrial visualization during transvaginal US; improves sonographic detection of endometrial pathology (ex. Polyps, hyperplasia, Ca, leiomyomas, and adhesions)
114
Salingo-Oophorectomy (TAH-BSO)=
Salingo-Oophorectomy (TAH-BSO)=total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingooophorectomy
115
Salpingitis=
Salpingitis=inflammation of fallopian tubes
116
Sheehan’s Syndrome-
Sheehan’s Syndrome-postpartum pituitary necrosis causing hypopit
117
Sitz Baths-
Sitz Baths- warm water bath used for healing or cleansing purposes. You sit in the bath. The water covers only your hips and buttocks. The water may contain medication. Sitz baths are often used to relieve pain, itching, or muscle spasms. The baths are often recommended to relieve pain and speed healing after hemorrhoid surgery or an episiotomy.
118
Skene Duct-
Skene Duct-from skene’s gland to surface of vulva
119
Skene Glands-
Skene Glands-secreting glands close to urethral opening, homologous to male prostate, “female ejaculation gland”
120
Sonohysterography-
Sonohysterography-saline-infusion sonography
121
Spinal Block-
Spinal Block-medicine injected into spinal cord, used for planned C-sections
122
Stations Of The Fetal Head-
Stations Of The Fetal Head-(-3-3), position of head in relation to ischial spines
123
Syphilis=
Syphilis=STI caused by Treponemia pallidum,; primary, secondary, and tertiary
124
Threated Abortion=
Threated Abortion=bleeding/cramping occurs, but pregnancy continues; cervix not dilated
125
Trichomonas
Trichomonas=flagellated protozoan, causes a type of sexually transmitted vulvovaginitis, rarely can be transmitted as a fomite
126
Umbilical Cord Prolapse-
Umbilical Cord Prolapse- rare obstetrical emergency that occurs when the umbilical cord descends alongside or beyond the fetal presenting part
127
Vaginitis
Vaginitis=inflammation of the vagina
128
Vaginosis
Vaginosis=bacterial overgrowth
129
VAIN=
VAIN=vaginal intraepithelial neoplasm
130
VIN=
VIN=vulvar intraepithelial neoplasm
131
Vulvodynia=
Vulvodynia=vulvar pain in absence of relevant visible clinical findings
132
Vulvovaginitis=
Vulvovaginitis=inflammation of vulva and vagina
133
Xerosis
Xerosis=dry skin/mucous membranes
134
Hematocolopos
when the vagina fills with menstral blood
