Women's Pressure Groups // Flashcards
What did Jane Addams set up in 1889? What did she offer?
Jane Addams set up Hull House, Chicago, in 1889, inspired by the Toynbee Hall in London’s slums. It provided English class for Italians, a nursery, and well-educated women attracted, 50 houses by 1895. Politicians to address problems of slum housing for immigrants.
How did the Temperance movement hit it off?
Temperance another issue; Women’s Crusade of 1873 galvanised women into action and Susan B Anthony/Elizabeth Cady Stanton formed the Women’s Christian Temperance Union, WCTU, with women going to Ohio to close saloons and liquor stores. Frances Willard took over later, 7000 branches across US.
What did the NCL fight in favour of? What label did they offer?
National Consumers League NCL, 1899; pressure to improve wages for female sales clerks with local business; protective legislation secured for women and children in workplace; state governments to provide aid for mothers and improve facilities for children and young people. NCL set up by women of Hull House. White Label offered to employers who met standards, and boycotts for noncompliant companies without the symbols.
When was the NACW set up? How did membership grow?
National Association for Coloured Women, NACW, set up in Washington DC, in 1896. By 1915 the NACW had 50,000 members, with civil rights top priority. Ida B Wells a key figure. By 1918 the group had 300,000 members.
What inspired Jane Addams to set up Hull House? What building did she recover, and what other action did she take to government?
Jane Addams toured Europe in 1883 with Ellen Gates Starr, impressed by Toynbee Hall. They recovered the dilapidated Charles J Hull mansion and opened it up as a settlement house, providing a role model figure. Systematic studies of city housing conditions published, and politicians pressured to enforce sanitary regulation. Immigrants still felt that their political rights were not worked on.
Who was Florence Kelley?
Florence Kelley: Established White Label, travelled around country to lecture on working conditions, helped found NAACP, and was a pacifist during WWI. Protected in-home workers from exploitation, issued Meat Inspection Act of 1904 and Pure Food and Drugs Act of 1906, made state minimum wage laws for women, achieved Muller v Oregon of 1908 to make 10 hour limit, and federal Children’s Bureau established.
Who was Ida B Wells?
Ida B Wells, refused to offer a seat to a white man on a train, 1884. Began to write for New York Age after threats + persecution made her flee South, and spoke to NACW and promoted female suffrage. Refused to stay out of the March 1913 suffrage parade during Wilson’s inaugural celebration.
What undermined pressure groups during the Gilded Age?
Lack of cohesion/unity, Ida B Wells experienced white suffragists refusing to march with her, by beginning of 20th century less feminists supported civil rights, many middle class white women wanted their vote to neutralise the black vote.
