Education Flashcards
Why did the NAACP target education?
The NAACP targeted education as it was easy to show Plessy ruling wasn’t working. In South Carolina $179 was spent annually to educate a white child compared to $43 a year for black children.
What was the Sweatt v Painter case of 1950?
Heman Sweatt wanted to attend the University of Texas Law School. The NAACP challenged their rejection of him but Texan courts decided to build a new school. Being inferior, the NAACP presented this to the Supreme Court and they ruled that the school should accept Sweatt – they did on 19/9/1950
Outline cause of Brown v Board of Education of Topeka Case 1954?
Oliver Brown’s daughter Linda Brown was made to attend all-black school 20 blocks away, white school closer in Kansas. NAACP took to Supreme Court and after 3 years they made school segregation illegal.
Why did Supreme Court rule in favour of Brown v Topeka?
Why Supreme Court ruled in favour; black schools poor quality and South couldn’t afford to improve conditions; rise of black middle class who were more likely to challenge segregation; Cold War fought for freedom and justice and this should apply to black population; Earl Warren replaced Chief Judge Frederick Moore Vinson 1953, more sympathetic.
What were results of Brown v Topeka?
Results; rise in local CORE and NAACP activity, white middle class set up White Citizens’ Councils and set up private white schools alongside supporting politicians opposed to desegregation with 250,000 members by 1956; rise in KKK activity, Emmett Till was raised in Chicago and was lynched while visiting his Uncle at Mississippi in 1955 due to accusations of flirting with a white woman, murderers found not guilty.
What were results of Brown v Topeka with state government and federal government?
Sustained attack on NAACP with Alabama outlawing the NAACP and its activities alongside Louisiana police persecution leading to 48/50 branches closing. In 1956 Sen. Harry F Byrd called for massive resistance with 101 Congressman signing the Southern Manifesto to call for segregated schools and claiming the decision was unconstitutional. Eisenhower regretted appointing Warren and the decision.
What was Brown II?
Brown II – 1955 – little de facto change, NAACP asked Supreme Court to establish timetable and they said desegregation should happen with all deliberate speed. Too vague, Southern racists saw as attack.
What were results of educational changes?
By 1957 750 of 6300 Southern schools were desegregated and by 1968 58% of black children in the south remained in segregated schools. Eisenhower showed little willingness to welcome the decision. But the Supreme Court showed sympathy for civil rights.
Why no desegregation?
Why no desegregation? 1/5 of Congress signed Southern Manifesto, Eisenhower believed desegregation shouldn’t be forced, southern state government, judges, and police resisted change and intimidated campaigners, CORE and NAACP hadn’t yet perfected methods.
