Labour New Deal Flashcards
What was NIRA? What were benefits and consequences?
16 June 1933, National Industry Recovery Act established National Recovery Administration. Set to agreed codes such as hours, pay etc, alongside allowing workers to join unions and have collective bargaining. By 1934 557 codes agreed by companies who had blue eagle symbol as a result. However, Henry Ford refused to sign and employers benefited more from NIRA. Supreme Court doubted federal intervention over states and made it unconstitutional in 1935.
What was the National Labor Relations Act of 1935?
1935 – National Labor Relations Act passed. Roosevelt nervous to empower organised labour. Robert Wagner wanted to regulate and reduce labour disputes with collective bargaining, reducing devastation caused by strikes. Act recognised right of workers to take part in collective bargaining.
What were results of National Labor Relations Act, 1935?
Results of Wagner Act: Gave workers right to join trade unions, permitted closed shops, collective bargaining, banned blacklisting and spies, set National Labor Relations Board to bargain on behalf of workers and stop companies using their own unions, trade union membership rose from 3.7 mil in 1933 to 9 million in 1938.
When did unions accept the UAW and what were results of the Fair Labor Standards Act?
Some unions had resistance but by 1937 Chrysler and General Motors recognised the Union of Auto Workers due to strike action. By the end of the year it could boast 400,000 members. The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 created a $25 minimum weekly wage for workers and payment of time and a half for hours exceeding 40 a week.
When did US Steel recognise the Steel Workers Organising Committee?
In 1937 the Steel Workers Organizing Committee was recognised by US Steel and they committed to a 40 hour week and ten percent pay rise.
When was the CIO set?
The American Federation of Labour sought to amalgate craft unions and exclude unskilled so in 1937 John Lewis set the Congress of Industrial Organisations, CIO, renamed from the Committee of Industrial Organisation, 1935.
What were CIO accomplishments?
The CIO organised mass production workers and gained 3.7 million members. It developed sit in strikes, successful in 1937 to make car manufacturers recognise right of workers to join unions. CIO welcomed women and black workers.
How were ethnic groups treated during the New Deal?
African and Mexican Americans suffered from agricultural policy and fled to cities for work but faced discrimination. Natives had no new employment opportunities. Roosevelt in 1941 passed Fair Employment Practises Commission to eliminate racial and ethnic discrimination.
What were consequences of NIRA and Fair Standards Act?
The Fair Standards Act and NIRA upheld pay differentials between women and men though women were inspired to join unions. Welfare reforms helped the poorer paid but states undermined federal government’s efforts. African American women suffered most.
